Linux/C2/General-Purpose-Utilities-in-Linux/Khasi

Time	Narration
00:00	Pdiang sngewbha sha kane ka spoken tutorial halor General Purpose Utilities in Linux.
00:06	Ha kane ka tutorial, ngin pynithuh bha ïa lade bad katto katne naki commands basuk tam hynrei kiba ju pyndonkam bha jong ka Linux.
00:14	Ka jingpynshlur ba kongsan eh jong kane ka long ban ai ïaphi khyndiat ka jingtip shaphang ban treikam haka Linux.
00:21	Ka command ba nyngkong kaba ngin ïa peit ka dei ka echo command. Hynrei kynmaw ba ki Linux command ki long 'case sensitive'.
00:29	Here, all commands and their options are in small letters unless otherwise mentioned.
00:36	ïa Kane ka command la pyndonkam ban pyni katto katne ki khubor haka screen. Phai sha u terminal.
00:43	U Ctrl Alt t u ïarap ban sdang ïa u terminal Ubuntu.
00:48	Hynrei, kane ka command ka lah ban ym treikam ha baroh ki Unix system.
00:52	Ka rukom ba kyllum ban plie ïa u terminal lahdep batai lypa ha kiwei pat ki spoken tutorial.
00:58	Type ha u prompt: echo space Hello World bad ñion Enter.
01:08	Kane ka print ïaka khubor jingthoh 'Hello World' ha ka screen.
01:14	Ngi lah ruh ban pyndonkam ïaka 'echo' command ban pyni ïaka value jong u variable.
01:19	Type ha u prompt: echo space dollar SHELL haki dak heh bad ñion Enter.
01:30	Kane kan pynmih ïaka shell kaba dang pyndonkam mynta.
01:36	Ngi lah ruh ban pyndonkam ka escape sequences bad ka 'echo' command.
01:42	Naka bynta kane haka Linux ngi donkam ban pyndonkam ïaka jingjied -e (hyphen e).
01:46	Ki escape sequences ba kyllum ki kynthup ïa u \t (backslash t) naka bynta u tab, \n naka bynta ka laiñ thymmai bad \c kadei ka escape sequence kaba haba pyndonkam ka pynlong ïa u prompt ban pyni haka juh ka laiñ.
02:03	Kane kan ïarap bha lada lehse ngi kwah ïaka prompt message shwa ban thep kiwei kiwei pat. Type ha u prompt: echo space minus e hapoh ki single quote Enter a command back slash c (\c) bad ñion Enter.
02:32	Ngin iohi ba u prompt unsa pyni hadien bala print ‘Enter a command ‘ ha kajuh ka laiñ.
02:38	Phi lah ban kwah ban tip ka Linux Kernel version aiu kaba phi dang pyndonkam.
02:43	Ban tip ïa kane bad kiwei pat ki jinglong ba bun jong ka machine jong ngi, ngi don ïa ka command uname. Type ha u prompt: uname space hyphen r bad ñion Enter .
02:58	Ban tip kaei ka username jong phi, type ha u prompt: who space am space I bad ñion Enter.
03:11	Haka jingshisha, kane ka wan naka who command kaba list ïa baroh ki user kiba dang log in sha ka system lada ka system jong phi kadei ka multiuser system.
03:21	Hateng, ka lah ban don ka jingshah prong ka login password jong phi bad/lane phi lah ban kwah ban pynkylla ïaka.
03:28	Naka bynta kane ngi don ka command passwd. Type ha u prompt: p-a-s-s-w-d bad ñion Enter.
03:37	Haba phi type ïa kane ka command ynsa ong ïaphi ban type ïaka password jong phi ba mynta .
03:43	Hangne ngan type ïaka system password jong nga kaba mynta.
03:48	Haba lah thep ïa kata haka rukom badei, Phi donkam ban thep ïa ka password bathymmai jong phi bad nangta thep sa shisien ban pynshisha ïaka.
04:02	Hynrei kumno lada ngi lah klet ïaka password jong ngi ba mynta?
04:06	Kumta ruh lah ban pynkylla ïaka password khlem da tip ïaka password ba mynta, hynrei ïa kata lah ban leh tang da u root user.
04:14	Mynta, uei u 'root user'?
04:18	U dei u briew ba kyrpang bad ryngkat khambun ki jingpynlah.
04:22	Ban pyni daka nuksa ngi lah ban ong ba u 'root user' u ïa syriem bad u user haka Windows ryngkat bad ki jinglong u Administrator.
04:30	Ngi lah ban kwah ban tip ïaka tarik bad ka por jong ka system. Na byntaa kane ngi don ka command date.
04:36	Type date ha u terminal bad ñion Enter
04:42	Kan pyni ïaka tarik bad ka por ba mynta.
04:45	Kumba ngi lah ban iohi, ka date command ka ai lang ïa ka tarik bad ka por. Kane ka long kaba lah ban pyndonkam haki rukom bapher bha bad ka don ruh kumjuh shibun ki jingjied.
04;54	Type ha u prompt: date space plus 'percent' sign u T dak heh bad ñion Enter.
05:07	Ka ai ïa ngi tang ka por haka rukom kynta minute bad second (hh:mm:ss).
05:12	Type ha u prompt: date space plus 'percentage sign u h dak rit bad ñion Enter.
05:23	Ka ai ïaka kyrteng jong u bnai.
05:25	Type ha u prompt: date space plus percentage sign m dak rit bad ñion Enter.
05:38	Ka ai ïa u bnai jong u snem haki dak jingkheiñ. Hangne ka pyni 02 naka bynta u bnai February. Pynïahap ïa kane katkum ka jingmih kaba phi ioh.
05:50	Type ha u prompt: date space plus percentage sign y dakrit bad ñion Enter .
06:01	Ka ai ïaki ar tylli ki dak jingkheiñ khadduh jong u snem ba mynta.
06:05	Ngi lah ruh ban kyllum lang ïa kine ki jingjied. Kum ka nuksa, ha u prompt type: date space plus hapoh ki double quotes percentage h dakrit percentage y dakrit bad ñion Enter .
06:34	Hangne ka pyni February 11.
06:39	Sa kawei ka command ba ïadei ka long ka cal command. Watla kam da long kyllum than, kane ka ïarap ïaphi ban iohi ïaka calender jong uno uno u bnai bad uno uno u snem.
06:48	Ban iohi ïa u bnai ba mynta, ha u prompt type: cal bad ñion Enter.
06:56	Ban iohi ïaka calendar jong uno uno u bnai, lehse, December 2070, ha u prompt type: cal space 12 space 2070 bad ñion Enter.
07:13	Kane ka ai ïaka calendar jong u December 2070.
07:19	Shwa ban iaid shuh sha khmat, to ngin ïakren khyndiat shaphang ki file bad ki directory.
07:26	Haka Linux, jan baroh kadei ka file. Mynta ka jingkylli ka long, kaei ka file?
07:34	Haka ba shisha, ka file kadei ka file ha kaba ngi thep ïaki document bad ki kot ki sla jong ngi. Kumjuh ruh, ka Linux file kadei ka jaka buh ban buh ïaki thup jingtip.
07:48	Kaba bud, kaei ka directory?
07:52	Lah ban sngewthuh ïaka directory kum ka jinglynthup ki file bad kiwei pat ki (sub)directory.
07:58	Ka directory ka ïarap ïa ngi ban pynbeit ïaki file jong ngi haka rukom kaba beit.
08:04	Kane ka long kumba ngi khot folder haka Windows.
08:08	Haba ngi login sha ka Linux system dakaba long hi ngi don haka home directory. Ban ïohi ïaka home directory ha u prompt type: echo space dollar HOME haki dakheh bad ñion Enter.
08:27	Ka command babud ka ïarap ïangi ban iohi ïaka directory hakaba ngi treikam mynta. Kadei pwd kaba ïeng naka bynta 'present working directory'. Type ha u prompt pwd bad ñion Enter.
08:42	Shisien ba ngi lah tip ïaka directory jong ngi, ngin kwah ruh ban tip shaphang ki file bad ki sub-directory kiba ha kata ka directory. Naka bynta kane, ngi don ïaka ls command lehse kaba long kaba paw bad ba pyndonkam tam naki command haka Unix bad Linux.
08:56	Type ïaka command ls bad nion Enter.
09:01	Mynta khmih thuh ïaka jingmih.
09:04	ïaki File bad ki sub-directory la ju pyni daki rong bapher bapher.
09:08	Ka ls kadei ka command kaba laitluid bha bad kadon shibun ki jingjied. To ngin khmih katto katne naki, ha u prompt type: ls space minus minus all bad ñion Enter.
09:24	Kane kan pyni lut ïa baroh ki file bad ruh ki hidden file (ki hidden file hangne kidei ki filename ba sdang da u dot (.))
09:33	Lada ngim kwah ban peit tang ïaka file hynrei ruh ban ioh shuh shuh ka thup jingtip, ngi lah ban pyndonkam ïaka jingjied 'minus l'.
09:40	Shu type ïaka command: ls space minus l dakrit bad ñion Enter.
09:50	Ka ai ïa ngi ïaka file permission, ka kyrteng jong u trai ka file, ka jingpynkylla ba leh khadduh, ka file size haki bytes ter ter. Ka jingbatai ïaki field jong kane ka jingjied ka long shabar ka jylli jong ka tutorial kaba mynta.
10:06	Lah ban pyndonkam ïa ka ‘ls’ ryngkat bad ki jingjied ba bun kiba ngin sa ïa peit hadien.
10:11	Haka jaka ban shu pyni ïa baroh ki thup jingtip haka screen, ngi lah ban buh ïaka haka file. Haka jingshisha, ngi lah ban buh ïaka jingmih jong kano kano ka command haka file ha kane ka rukom.
10:23	Shu type ïaka command bad pynbud da u right angle bracket bad ka file name. lehse ngi thoh ls space minus l dakrit space right angle bracket space fileinfo bad ñion Enter.
10:46	Mynta baroh ka thup jingtip ki files bad directories ynsa pynïaid sha ka file ba kyrteng 'fileinfo'.
10:54	Hynrei kumno ngin ïohi ïaka content jong kane ka file? Naka bynta kane, ngi don ïaka cat command. Shu type cat space bad ka kyrteng jong ka file, hangne ka don fileinfo bad ñion Enter.
11:12	Mynta phi lah ban iohi ïaki content jong ka. Haka jingshisha, sa kawei ka jingpyndonkam bha ïa ka cat ka long ban shna ïaka file. Naka bynta kane, type ha u prompt: cat space right angle bracket space filename lehse file1 bad ñion Enter.
11:36	Mynta haba ngi ñion Enter ka command ka ap naka bynta ka jingthep na u user.
11:42	Kaei kaei kaba ngi type ynsa thoh sha ka file, te type katto katne ki text.
11:50	Mynta ñion u Enter key ban pyni ïaka jingkut jong ka jingthoh.
11:56	Mynta ñion lang u Ctrl bad D keys.
12:05	Lada ka kyrteng ka file, lehse, 'file1' kala don lypa, te ka jingthoh jong u user ynsa ban nalor jong kane ka file.
12:13	Lada phi kwah ban sa pyndap hadien sha kaba kut jong ka file bala don lypa, ka ‘file1’ type ha u prompt: cat space double right angle bracket space file1 bad ñion Enter.
12:36	Ki don bun sa kiwei pat ki command kiba ngi lah ban ïa kren hynrei ngin peit tang katne ïa mynta. Haka jingshisha, naka bynta baroh ki command kiba ngi lah ïakren, ki don shibun ki jingjied bad lehse ngi khlem pat ktah hangne.
12:50	Kane ka wallam ïa ngi sha kaba kut jong kane ka spoken tutorial. Ka Spoken Tutorials ka dei shi bynta jong ka Talk to a Teacher project, bala kyrshan daka National Mission on Education through ICT.
13:02	Khambun ka jingtip halor kane, kadon haka link harum.
13:10	ïa kane ka script la pynkylla sha ka Ktien Khasi da I Hezekiah Lyngdoh na Shillong. Khublei ba phi la ïasnohlang.

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