DWSIM/C2/Plug-Flow-Reactor/English-timed

Time	Narration
00:01	Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Simulating a Plug Flow Reactor(PFR) in DWSIM.
00:07	In this tutorial, we will learn to: Define a kinetic reaction
00:13	Simulate a Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)
00:16	Calculate Conversion and Residence time for a reaction in a PFR.
00:22	To record this tutorial, I am using DWSIM 4.3 and Windows 7
00:30	The process demonstrated in this tutorial is identical in other OS also, such as- Linux, Mac OS X or FOSSEE OS on ARM.
00:42	To practice this tutorial, you should know : how to add components to a flowsheet
00:49	How to select thermodynamic packages
00:53	How to add material and energy streams and specify their properties.
00:59	The prerequisite tutorials are mentioned on our website
01:04	You can access these tutorials and all the associated files from this site.
01:10	We will develop a flowsheet to determine the exit composition from an Isothermal PFR.
01:16	Here we give reaction, property package and inlet stream conditions.
01:22	Next, we give Reactor Parameters and reaction kinetics.
01:28	I have already opened DWSIM on my machine.
01:33	Go to File menu and select New Steady-state Simulation.
01:38	Simulation Configuration Wizard window appears.
01:42	At the bottom, click on Next.
01:45	First, we will add the compounds.
01:48	In the Compounds Search tab, type Nitrogen.
01:52	Select Nitrogen from ChemSep database.
01:56	Similarly, add Hydrogen from ChemSep database.
02:01	Next, add Ammonia from ChemSep database. Now, all the compounds are added. Click on Next.
02:11	Now comes Property Packages.
02:14	From Available Property Packages, double-click on Peng-Robinson (PR). Then click on Next.
02:21	We are moved to Flash Algorithm.
02:24	From Default Flash Algorithm select Nested Loops(VLE). Click on Next.
02:31	Next option is System of Units.
02:35	Under System of Units select C5.
02:39	It has the desired system of units according to our problem statement.
02:44	Then click on Finish.
02:47	Let us maximize the simulation window.
02:50	Now let’s insert a feed stream that enters the PFR.
02:55	On the right hand side of main simulation window, go to Object Palette.
03:00	From Streams section, drag and drop a Material Stream to the Flowsheet.
03:05	Click on Material Stream “MSTR-000” to view its properties.
03:11	Let’s change the name of this stream to Feed.
03:15	Now we will specify the Feed stream properties.
03:18	Under Input Data, select Flash Spec as Temperature and Pressure (TP), if not already selected.
03:26	By default, Temperature and Pressure are already selected as Flash Spec. So let’s not change it.
03:33	Change Temperature to 425 degC and press Enter to accept the new value.
03:41	Change Pressure to 200 bar and press Enter.
03:46	Change Mass Flow to 3600 kg/h and press Enter.
03:52	Now let us specify the feed stream compositions.
03:57	Under Composition, choose the Basis as Mole Fractions, if not already selected.
04:05	By default, Mole Fractions is already selected as Basis. So, let’s not change it.
04:11	Now for Nitrogen, enter the Amount as 0.5 and press Enter.
04:18	Similarly, for Hydrogen, enter it as 0.5 and press Enter.
04:25	For Ammonia, enter 0 and press Enter.
04:30	On the right, click on this green tick to Accept Changes.
04:34	Now we will define the Kinetic Reaction.
04:38	Under Tools, click on Reactions Manager.
04:42	Chemical Reactions Manager window opens.
04:46	Under Chemical Reactions tab, click on the green coloured Add Reaction button.
04:52	Then click on Kinetic.
04:55	Add New Kinetic Reactions window opens.
04:59	First part is Identification. Under Identification, enter the Name as Ammonia Synthesis.
05:08	Next, enter the Description.
05:11	“Irreversible reaction for synthesis of Ammonia from Nitrogen and Hydrogen”
05:17	Next part is a table of Components, Stoichiometry and Reaction Orders.
05:23	First column Name, shows the available components here.
05:28	Second column corresponds to its Molar Weight.
05:32	Next column is Include. It indicates the components which will take part in the reaction.
05:39	Under Include, check all the check boxes against all the components’ names.
05:44	Fourth column is BC. It indicates the base component of the reaction.
05:51	Under BC, check the Nitrogen check box as Nitrogen is the base component.
05:57	Next column is Stoich. Coeff. (stoichiometric coefficients)
06:01	Under Stoic Coeff column, enter: -1 for Nitrogen, -3 for Hydrogen, and for Ammonia 2 Then press Enter.
06:15	Negative sign is to indicate the components as Reactants.
06:20	In the Stoichiometry field, we can see it is showing OK.
06:25	So the reaction is balanced after entering the stoichiometric coefficients.
06:31	Here the Equation field shows the reaction equation.
06:36	Next column is DO, which indicates direct/forward reaction order.
06:43	We are considering the reaction to be First order with respect to Nitrogen.
06:49	So we will enter 1 in the DO column against Nitrogen. And then press Enter.
06:57	Next column is RO which indicates reverse reaction order.
07:03	Since we are considering an irreversible reaction, we will not enter anything here.
07:09	Then comes Kinetic Reactions Parameters.
07:13	Our rate is in terms of molar concentration.
07:17	So, we will select Basis as Molar Concentrations.
07:21	Select Fase as Vapor.
07:25	Next is Tmin and Tmax.
07:29	It gives temperature range within which rate expression is assumed to be valid.
07:35	So, enter Tmin (K) as 500 and Tmax (K) as 2000.
07:41	Now go to Direct and Reverse Reactions Velocity Constant.
07:46	In Direct Reaction, enter A as 0.004
07:51	Click OK and close the Chemical Reactions Manager window.
07:57	Now let us insert a Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR) into the flowsheet.
08:02	Go to Object Palette.
08:04	Under Unit Operations, click on Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR). Click on it and drag it to the flowsheet.
08:11	Let us now arrange it as required.
08:14	We will insert one Output Stream. To do so, drag one Material Stream.
08:20	Let us once again arrange it. As this is an output stream, we will leave it unspecified.
08:27	We will change the name of this stream to Product.
08:31	Next, we will insert one Energy Stream. And name this stream as Energy.
08:38	We are now ready to specify the Plug-Flow Reactor. Click on it.
08:44	On the left, we can see a tab displaying properties related to the PFR.
08:50	This tab is called Property Editor Window.
08:54	Under Connections, click on the drop-down against Inlet Stream. and select Feed.
09:01	Next, click on the drop-down against Outlet Stream and select Product.
09:07	Then click on the drop-down against Energy Stream and select Energy.
09:13	Now go to the next section, Calculation Parameters.
09:18	Here, the first option is Reaction Set. By default, it is Default Set.
09:26	Since we have only one reaction, we leave it as it is.
09:31	Next, click on the drop-down against Calculation Mode. Select Isothermic.
09:38	Then click on the field against Reactor Volume and enter 1 meter cube Then press Enter.
09:47	Click on the field against Reactor length and enter it as 1.5 m. Then press Enter.
09:56	Now we will run the simulation.
09:59	So, from the toolbar click on Solve Flowsheet button.
10:04	When the calculations are completed, click on PFR in the Flowsheet.
10:09	From the Property Editor Window of PFR locate Results section.
10:15	Under General tab, check Residence time. It is 0.013 hour.
10:23	Under Conversions tab, check conversion for both the reacting compounds.
10:29	For Nitrogen, the conversion is 17.91% and for Hydrogen, it is 53.73%.
10:40	Now we will check the material balances.
10:44	Go to Insert menu and select Master Property Table.
10:49	Double click on the Master Property Table to edit it.
10:53	Configure Master Property Table window opens.
10:57	Enter Name as Results - Plug Flow Reactor
11:01	Enter Object Type as Material Stream.
11:05	By default, Material Stream is already selected. So we will not change it.
11:11	Under Properties to display, select Object as Feed and Product.
11:17	Under Property, scroll down to see all the parameters.
11:22	Now select the properties as: Temperature Pressure Mass Flow Molar Flow
11:32	Vapor Phase Volumetric Fraction
11:36	Molar Flow (Mixture) / Nitrogen
11:39	Mass Flow (Mixture) / Nitrogen
11:42	Molar Flow (Mixture) / Hydrogen
11:45	Mass Flow (Mixture) / Hydrogen
11:48	Molar Flow (Mixture) / Ammonia
11:51	Mass Flow (Mixture) / Ammonia
11:54	Close this window.
11:56	Move the Master Property Table for better visibility.
12:01	Here we can see the corresponding results for Product and Feed.
12:06	Let us summarize.
12:08	In this tutorial, we have learnt to Define a kinetic reaction
12:14	Simulate a Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR)
12:17	Calculate Conversion and Residence time for a reaction in a PFR
12:23	As an assignment, Repeat this simulation with different compounds and thermodynamics.
12:29	Different feed conditions
13:31	Different PFR dimensions and reaction kinetics
12:36	Watch the video available at following link. http://spoken-tutorial.org/
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13:05	For more details, please visit this site.
13:09	The FOSSEE team helps migrate commercial simulator labs to DWSIM.
13:14	We give honorarium and certificates for those who do this.
13:19	For more details, please visit this site
13:23	The FOSSEE team coordinates conversion of existing flow sheets into DWSIM.
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13:37	Spoken Tutorial and FOSSEE projects are funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
13:45	This tutorial is contributed by Kaushik Datta and Priyam Nayak. Thanks for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

PoojaMoolya, Sandhya.np14, Udayana