C-and-C++/C3/Arrays/English-timed

Time	Narration
00:01	Welcome to the spoken-tutorial on Arrays in C and C++.
00:07	In this tutorial we will learn:
00:09	What is an array
00:11	Declaration of an array
00:13	Initialization of an array
00:16	Few Examples on array.
00:18	We will also see some common errors and their solutions.
00:22	To record this tutorial, I am using
00:25	Ubuntu Operating System version 11.04,
00:30	gcc and g++ Compiler version 4.6.1 .
00:36	Let us start with the introduction to Array.
00:39	Array is the collection of data or elements of same data-type.
00:44	Array index starts from 0.
00:48	The first element is stored at index 0.
00:52	There are three types of arrays:
00:55	Single dimensional array
00:57	Two dimensional array and
00:59	Multi-dimensional array.
01:01	We will be discussing single dimensional array in this tutorial.
01:06	Let us see how to declare single dimensional array.
01:09	The Syntax for this is:
01:11	data-type name of the array and size
01:16	example, here we have declared an integer array 'star' which contains 5 elements.
01:24	The array index will start from star 0 to star 4.
01:29	We saw the declaration of an array.
01:32	Now, we will see the initialization of an array.
01:35	The Syntax for this is:
01:38	data-type,( name of the array ), size is equal to elements
01:44	example: here we have declared an 'integer array star' with size 3. The elements of the array are 1,2 and 3.
01:54	Here the index will start from star 0 to star 2.
01:59	Now, lets us move to the examples.
02:01	I have already typed the program on the editor.
02:04	So, let me open it.
02:06	Please note that our file name is array.c
02:10	In this program, we will calculate the sum of the elements stored in an array.
02:16	Let me explain the code now.
02:18	This is our header file.
02:20	This is our main() function.
02:22	Here, we have declared and initialized an array star with size 3.
02:28	The elements of the array are 4, 5 and 6.
02:33	Then we have declared an 'integer variable' sum.
02:36	Here we add the elements of the array and store the result in sum.
02:41	Note that 4 will be stored at index 0, 5 will be stored at index 1 and 6 will be stored at index 2.
02:50	Then we print the sum.
02:52	This is our return statement.
02:54	Now, click on Save.
02:57	Let us execute the program.
02:59	Please open the terminal window by pressing Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
03:09	To compile, type gcc space array dot c space hypen o array and press Enter.
03:19	To execute, type dot slash array (./array). Press Enter.
03:24	Here the output is displayed as,
03:26	The sum is 15.
03:28	Now let us see some common errors which we can come across.
03:32	Come back to our program.
03:34	Suppose, here at line number 4, we miss the curly brackets.
03:39	Click on Save. Let us see what happens.
03:42	Come back to the terminal.
03:44	Let us compile as before.
03:47	We see an error:
03:49	Invalid initializer and Expected identifier or bracket before numeric constant.
03:56	This is because arrays must be initialized within curly brackets.
04:01	Come back to our program. Let us fix the error.
04:04	Type the curly brackets here at line number 4.
04:09	Now, click on Save.
04:12	Lets us execute. Come back to the terminal.
04:15	Let us compile as before. Let us execute as before.
04:19	Yes, it is working.
04:21	Now we will execute the same program in C++.
04:25	Come back to our program.
04:28	I will change a few things here.
04:30	First, press Shift , Ctrl and S keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
04:38	Now save the file with the extension dot cpp (.cpp) and click on Save.
04:44	Let us change the header file as iostream.
04:49	Now include the using statement.
04:55	The declaration and initialization of an array is same in C++.
05:01	Hence no need to change anything here.
05:04	Now replace the printf statement with the cout statement.
05:09	Delete the format specifier and backslash n (\n), now delete the comma and type two opening angle brackets.
05:17	Delete the bracket here. Again type two opening angle brackets and within the double quotes type backslash n (\n).
05:26	Now, click on Save.
05:29	Let us execute. Come back to a terminal.
05:32	To compile, type g++ space array dot cpp space hyphen o space array1
05:42	Here we have array1 because we don't want to overwrite the output parameter array for the file array dot c.
05:51	Now press Enter.
05:54	To execute type, dot slash array1(./array1) . Press Enter.
05:59	The output is displayed as: The sum is 15
06:02	We can see that it is similar to our C code.
06:07	Now, we will see another common error.
06:10	Come back to our program.
06:12	Suppose here, at line number 7,
06:14	I will type star[1], star[2] and star[3];
06:23	click on Save.Let us execute. Come back to our terminal.
06:28	Let me clear the prompt.
06:30	Let us compile as before.
06:33	Let us execute as before.
06:36	We get an unexpected output.
06:39	This is because array index starts from 0.
06:43	Come back to our program. We can see here the array index starts from one.
06:49	Hence it is giving an error. Let us fix the error.
06:54	Type 0 here 1 and 2. Click on Save.
07:02	Let us execute. Come back to our terminal.
07:05	Let us compile as before. Execute as before.
07:09	Yes, it is working.
07:12	Now, we will go back to our slides.
07:14	Le us summarize.
07:16	In this tutorial we learned:
07:19	Arrays , To declare Single Dimensional Arrays
07:23	To initialize Single Dimensional Arrays
07:26	example int star[3]={4, 5, 6}
07:31	To add the elements of the array, example sum is equal to star 0 plus star 1 plus star 2.
07:40	As an assignment, write a program to calculate the difference of the elements stored in an array.
07:47	Watch the video available at the link shown below.
07:50	It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
07:53	If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
07:57	The Spoken Tutorial Project Team:
08:00	Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
08:03	Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
08:06	For more details, please write to, contact@spoken-tutorial.org.
08:13	Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of Talk to a Teacher project.
08:17	It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
08:25	More information on this mission is available at the link shown below.
08:30	This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay, signing off.
08:33	Thank You for watching.

Contributors and Content Editors

Kavita salve, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14