Java/C3/Java-Interfaces/English

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Title of script: Interfaces

Author: Joms Antony

Keywords: Interface, Implementation Classes,implements keyword, video tutorial


Visual Cue
Narration
Slide 1:


Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Java Interfaces
Slide 2:

Learning Objectives


In this tutorial we will learn about:
  • Creating an interface
  • Creating an Implementation classes and
  • How to use Interface


Slide 3:

Software Requirements


For this tutorial, I am using
  • Ubuntu 12.04
  • JDK 1.7 and
  • Eclipse 4.3.1


Slide 4:

Prerequisites


To follow this tutorial, you should have knowledge of basics of Java and Eclipse IDE.

You should also have the knowledge of subclassing and Abstract classes in Java.

If not, for relevant Java tutorials please visit the link shown.

First let's understand what is an interface.
Slide 5:

What is an interface?

An Interface contains a set of abstract

methods and static data members.


It defines the signatures of a set of methods, without the body.


It is declared using the interface keyword.



In Eclipse IDE a project called InterfaceDemo is created,


Now we will switch to Eclipse and create a new project called InterfaceDemo.


Here we will create the necessary classes and interface to demonstrate the usage of interfaces.

The interface Animal is created in the src folder.

Code is copied


Now, right click on src folder and click new-> interface.


Type the name as Animal and press enter.


Note that “interface” keyword is used for defining an interface.


Now type the code as displayed on the screen

Highlight the code Here the name of the interface is Animal.


It contains three abstract methods talk(), see() and move().


All such methods in an interface are implicitly public and abstract.


An interface can also contain constant variable declarations.


Here, the constant string value “Mammal” is assigned to the variable “type1”.


And “Reptiles” is assigned to the variable “type2”.


All constant values defined in an interface are implicitly public, static and final.

Next we will see implementation class for an interface through an example.
Slide 9:

Implementation class:

Example:

Here Human is a class which implements the Animal interface.


So it must provide implementations for the methods talk(), see() and move().



Slide 10:

Implementing multiple interfaces

Example:


Highlight the syntax and the usage of comma operator

A class can also implement multiple interfaces.

As shown in the example, the class Human implements two interfaces Animal and Action.

Note that a comma operator used in the syntax is to identify the different interfaces.

Now this class should provide implementations to all the abstract methods in both Animal and Action interfaces.

Slide 11:

Interface Usage - Example

The figure here represents an implement relation.

The Animal class is an interface.

The Human class and Snake class are the two implementation classes.

The Human class provides its own different implementations for talk(), see() and move() methods.

The Snake class provides its own different implementations for talk(), see() and move() methods.

Let us understand the usage of interfaces with a sample program.
Now let us explore the differences between an interface and an abstract class.
Slide 7:

Interface Vs Abstract Classes

All the methods in an interface should

be abstract.


Within interface there should not be any

  • constructors
  • concrete methods
  • static methods and
  • main method

But an abstract class can have all these inside it.


The variables in an interface should

be static and final.


There are no such restrictions for an abstract class.

Let us understand the usage of interfaces with a sample program.
Right click on the default package and create a class called Human.


Type implements Living Thing

Right click on the default package and create a class called Human.


Now, to make this an implementation class of Animal, type implements Animal



Point to the error message Now we can see an error comes up in the Eclipse IDE.


This error indicates that, we should provide an implementations to the Animal interface.



Let us see how to rectify this error.
public void talk(){

System.out.println("I am a Human, I belong to the "+Animal.type1+" family");

}


public void see(){

System.out.println("I can see all colors ");

}


public void move(){

System.out.println("I move by walking");

}

Now let us define the methods talk(), see() and move().

So type public void talk( ).

within curly brackets type

System.out.println within quotes I am a human I belong to


Now we can use the value of the static, final variable type1 declared in the Animal interface


So type

+ Animal.type1+ within quotes family semicolon.


Let us now implement the see() method


So type public void see( ).

within curly brackets type

System.out.println within quotes I can see all colors semicolon


We should also define the move() method


So type public void move( ).

within curly brackets type

System.out.println within quotes I move by walking semicolon


Note that the error disappears, once all the methods are implemented.



Next we will see how to define the Snake class.
Show and highlight the code for Snake Class. I have already created it in my project.


Please create the snake class in your project and type the following code as displayed on the screen.


Now let us go through the code.

Highlight the code


public void talk(){

System.out.println("I am a Snake, I belong to the "+Animal.type2+" Family");

}


public void see(){

System.out.println("I can see only in black and white");

}

public void move(){

System.out.println("I move by crawling");

}

We can see that all the methods of the Animal interface talk() , see() and move() are implemented inside this class.

Here the talk() method prints “I am a snake and I belong to”

Then the value of Animal.type2 is to be printed and then “family”


Here the see() method prints “I can see only in black and white”

The move() method prints "I move by crawling"

Highlight the talk(), see() and move() methods of Human class

Highlight the talk(), see() and move() methods of Snake class

Note that the Human class has its own implementations of talk(), see() and move() methods.


And the Snake class has its own implementations of talk(), see() and move() methods

click new-> class and then type name as Demo. Now right click on the default package click new-> class and then type name as Demo.


Inside this class we will have the main method,


So type main and then press ctrl+space to generate the main method.

Highlight the code line by line


Animal h=new Human();

h.talk()

h.see();

h.move();


Type the following code as displayed on the screen.


In this line we instantiate Human class using the Animal interface.


This is represented as


Animal h equals new Human();


Now we can invoke the different methods using this object as


h.talk()

h.see();

h.move();



Highlight the code


Animal s =new Snake();

s.talk();

s.see();

s.move();

Next, we instantiate the Snake class using the Animal interface


Now we can invoke the different methods using this object as shown



Now let us run this Demo program.
Right click on the class Demo and then select Run as -> Java Application


So right click on the class Demo and then select Run as -> Java Application



Highlight code and the output We can see the output as


These are printed by the talk(), see() and move() methods invoked by the human class object s

Highlight code and the output These are printed by the talk(), see() and move() methods invoked by the Snake class object s
Now lett us explore the differences between an interface and an abstract class.
Slide 7:

Interface Vs Abstract Classes

All the methods in an interface should

be abstract.


Within interface there should not be any

  • constructors
  • concrete methods
  • static methods and
  • main method

But an abstract class can have all these inside it.


The variables in an interface should be static and final.


There are no such restrictions for an abstract class.

This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.
Slide 10:

Summary

In this tutorial we have learnt about
  • Creating an Interface
  • Creating an implementation class
  • Usage of interfaces


Slide 11:

Assignment

As an assignment


Create an interface Vehicle which

contains the methods brake() and run()


Create another interface Fuel which

contains the following methods .


fill(String type,int quantity)

pay(int quantity,int price)

Assignment Create a subclass Car which implements both interfaces Vehicle and Fuel.


Here brake method must print ”Car

Applies Power brake” and the run

method must print ”Car is running on 4

wheels”



Assignment Similarly fill() method can print the

details of type and quantity of fuel

filled.


For example: 10 Litres of Petrol


pay() method can be used to print

price to be paid.


For example: Pay Rs. 640

Assignment Create another subclass Bike which

again implements both the interfaces

Vehicle and Fuel


Here brake method can print ”Bike

Applies hand brake” and the run

method can print “Bike is running on

2 wheels”


Next implement the fill() and pay() methods as explained earlier.


Finally create a Demo class containing the main method to verify the results.

About Project

(retain the slide as in TEX file)

This video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial Project.


Please download and watch it.

About Workshops

(retain the slide as in TEX file)

The Spoken Tutorial Project Team

• Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

• Gives certificates on passing the online tests.


For more details, please write to us.

About NMEICT

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Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.


More information on this Mission is available at the link shown.

Contributor slide

(retain the slide as in TEX file)

This script has been contributed by:

Deptartment of Information

Technology, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering


This is Priya from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Nancyvarkey, Priyacst

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