Git/C2/Branching-in-Git/English-timed

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Time
Narration
00:01 Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Branching in Git.
00:05 In this tutorial, we will learn about
  • Branching
  • Creating a branch and
  • Switching between branches
00:15 For this tutorial, I am using
  • Ubuntu Linux 14.04
  • Git 2.3.2 and
  • gedit Text Editor
00:25 You can use any editor of your choice.
00:29 To follow this tutorial you must have knowledge of running Linux commands on Terminal.
00:36 If not, for relevant Linux tutorials, please visit our website.
00:42 Let us learn about branching.
00:44 Typically, branches are used in a project to develop new modules or to fix a bug.
00:52 It helps to work with new modules of a project without disturbing the main project.
00:58 The default branch of the Git is master.
01:02 We use different branches to develop new modules
01:06 And it would be merged with the master branch later.
01:11 For example, this diagram visualizes a repository with master and new-module branches.
01:18 There are some commits named C1, C2 and C3 in the master branch.
01:25 Then a branch new-module is created in C3 commit.
01:30 C4, C5 and C8 are the commits of new-module branch.
01:36 At the same time, the commits C6 and C7 have been made in the master branch.
01:43 Here you can see that new-module branch is not disturbing the master branch.
01:49 Once the new-module is ready, we will merge it back with the master branch.
01:55 In this tutorial, I will demonstrate how branch works. Merging will be covered in the next tutorial.
02:03 Press Ctrl+Alt+T to open the terminal.
02:07 We will open our Git repository mywebpage which we created earlier.
02:13 Type cd space mywebpage and press Enter.
02:19 I will continue to use html files for demonstration. You may use any file type of your choice.
02:28 Let us check the Git log by typing git space log space hyphen hyphen oneline and press Enter.
02:37 First, we will check whether we have any branch in the repository.
02:43 Type git space branch and press Enter.
02:48 It shows the default branch master, as mentioned earlier.
02:53 Now say, I want to create a branch named new-chapter.
02:57 Type git space branch space new-chapter and press Enter.
03:04 Let us see the branch list by typing git space branch and press Enter.
03:12 Here we can see the branch new-chapter in the list.
03:16 We can also see an asterisk symbol with the master branch.
03:20 It indicates that currently we are working in the master branch.
03:25 To go into the new-chapter branch, type git space checkout space new-chapter and press Enter.
03:36 To check the branch name, type git space branch and press Enter.
03:42 By seeing the asterisk, we can understand that now we are in the new-chapter branch.
03:49 Next, I will create a html file story.html and commit it for demonstration purpose.
03:57 Type, gedit space story.html space ampersand and press Enter.
04:05 I will copy and paste some code into this file, from my Writer document, which I had saved earlier.
04:12 Save and close the file.
04:15 Remember, we have to commit our work whenever we add or remove any file.
04:21 To add the file to the staging area, type git space add space story.html and press Enter.
04:31 To commit our work, type git space commit space hyphen m space within double quotes “Added story.html in new-chapter branch” and press Enter.
04:47 Let’s check the Git log of new-chapter branch by typing git space log space hyphen hyphen oneline and press Enter.
04:57 Here we can see our latest commitAdded story.html in new-chapter branch”.
05:04 Now, let’s say we want to go back to our master branch to do some work.
05:10 So we’ll type, git space checkout space master and press Enter.
05:18 To check the Git log, type git space log space hyphen hyphen oneline and press Enter.
05:27 Here we can't see the commitAdded story.html in new-chapter branch”.
05:34 This is because, that commit belongs to new-chapter branch only.
05:39 Let’s check the folder content by typing ls and press Enter.
05:45 Here we can't see the file story.html also.
05:49 Next, we shall make some changes in the file history.html.
05:55 Lets open the file by typing gedit space history.html space ampersand and press Enter.
06:05 Let’s add some lines.
06:08 Save and close the file.
06:10 Let’s commit our work at this point by typing git space commit space hyphen am space within double quotes “Added chapter two in history.html” and press Enter.
06:26 Till now, we have been working with the master branch.
06:30 Now, let us check if this commit is reflected in new-chapter branch.
06:36 To go into new-chapter branch, type git space checkout space new-chapter

and press Enter.

06:46 Let’s check the Git log by typing git space log space hyphen hyphen oneline and press Enter
06:55 Here, we can't see the commit “Added chapter two in history.html” as that is in the master branch.
07:04 Let’s add some lines in our file story.html.Type gedit space story.html space ampersand

and press Enter.

07:16 I will add some lines from my Writer document.
07:20 Save and close the file.
07:22 To check the Git status, type git space status and press Enter.
07:29 Note that we have not committed our work at this stage.
07:33 What do you think will happen if we try to switch branch without committing? This should lead to an error.
07:41 Let us try to go back to the master branch. Type git space checkout space master and press Enter.
07:51 This error shows that we can't switch back to other branches without committing the changes.
07:59 But what, if I don't want to commit the changes, as they are not important at this stage?

This can be done using stashing.

08:08 We will learn about stashing in the upcoming tutorials.
08:13 For now, we will forcefully exit this branch by using the hyphen hyphen force flag.
08:19 Type git space checkout space hyphen hyphen force space master and press Enter.
08:28 Once again, we will go back to new-chapter branch, to check whether the changes are discarded or not.
08:36 Type git space checkout space new-chapter and press Enter.
08:42 Let’s open the file story.html by typing gedit space story.html space ampersand and press Enter.
08:54 Here we can see that our changes have been discarded.


Let us close the gedit.

09:01 In the next tutorial, we will learn to merge this new-chapter branch with the master branch.
09:07 With this, we come to the end of this tutorial.
09:11 Let us summarize.
09:12 In this tutorial, we have learnt about
  • Branching
  • Creating a branch and
  • Switching between the master branch and the new branch
09:23 As an assignment Create a branch named chapter-two.
09:28 Go into the chapter-two branch.
09:31 Do some commits.
09:33 Switch back to master branch.
09:36 Check the Git log and Understand that, in the master branch, you can't see the commits of the branch chapter-two.
09:44 The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.Please download and watch it.
09:52 The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops and gives certificates to those who pass online tests.
09:59 For more details, please write to us.
10:03 Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this Mission is available at the following link.
10:15 This is Priya from IIT Bombay. Thanks for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

PoojaMoolya, Sandhya.np14