Inkscape/C2/Layers-and-Boolean-operations/English-timed

Time	Narration
00:00	Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on “Layers and Boolean operations” using Inkscape.
00:07	In this tutorial, we will learn about: * Layers
00:11	* Filters
00:12	* Boolean operations.
00:15	To record this tutorial, I am using:
00:18	* Ubuntu Linux 12.04 OS
00:21	* Inkscape version 0.48.4
00:25	Let us open Inkscape. Go to Dash home and type "Inkscape".
00:30	Click on the Inkscape logo.
00:32	Let's open the 'Assignment_2.svg' file that we created earlier.
00:38	I had saved it in Documents folder.
00:41	First, we will learn about Layers in Inkscape.
00:45	Go to Layer menu and click on Layers option.
00:50	Now the Layer palette is opened on the right side of the interface.
00:55	By default, a layer is there. You can see, that is named as Layer 1.
01:01	To add or create a new layer, click on the plus icon on the Layer palette.
01:07	A dialog box named Add layer opens up.
01:10	In the Layer name text box, we can assign a name to the layer.
01:15	I will name this layer as eye.
01:18	Now, we can decide the position of the layer by clicking on the Position drop-down list.
01:25	There are 3 options here.
01:27	Above current will keep this layer on top of the current layer.
01:32	Below current will place this layer below the current layer.
01:36	As sublayer of current indicates that it will be a part of the current layer.
01:41	I will position it as Above current and click on the Add button.
01:47	Notice a new layer named eye is now visible in the Layer palette.
01:52	In a similar way, create another layer named bow.
02:00	Now we have 3 layers in the Layer palette.
02:04	Next, let us learn to rename a layer.
02:08	First, double click on Layer 1. And then rename it as circle and press Enter.
02:16	Coming back to our canvas... there are 2 eyes and a bow.
02:20	Let us move these shapes to the 2 different layers that we created.
02:25	Select both the eyes by dragging the mouse.
02:28	Now press Ctrl + X on your keyboard. The eyes have now disappeared.
02:34	Now click on the eye layer in the Layer Palette.
02:38	Come back to the canvas and press Ctrl + Alt + V.
02:44	Repeat the same action for the bow shape.
02:52	Click on any empty space on the canvas to deselect all the objects.
03:00	The eye and lock icons help to hide and lock layers.
03:04	When you hide a layer, you are able to see the objects on the subsequent lower layers clearly.
03:11	When you lock a layer, you are able to prevent accidental edits to that particular layer.
03:18	These are particularly useful when we have to work on large and complex graphic assignments.
03:25	Notice 2 icons namely, an eye and a lock, on the left of each layer.
03:32	We will now learn how to use these.
03:35	To lock or unlock layers, click on the lock icon. I have now locked the bow layer.
03:42	Note that if a layer is locked, we cannot make any changes to that layer.
03:47	Let's try to select the bow on the canvas. You will notice that it is not possible to do so.
03:58	Now, I will unlock the bow layer.
04:01	Now, I am able to select the bow object and change its properties as well.
04:07	To make a layer visible or invisible on the canvas, click on the eye icon to the left of the layer.
04:15	I am clicking on the eye icon for the bow layer.
04:18	Observe what happens on the canvas.
04:23	Now, let me duplicate the bow layer.
04:26	Go to Layer menu and click on Duplicate Current Layer option.
04:32	Notice a new layer named bow copy is created in the Layer Palette window.
04:41	But we cannot see the new bow on the canvas. That is because the bow object is overlapped on the previous layer.
04:50	Select the bow on the top layer and move it to one side to see both the bows.
04:56	Select the circle layer.
04:58	Draw an ellipse on the canvas encircling the eyes and the bows. Color it orange.
05:05	The ellipse is seen in the background with the other objects visible above it.
05:10	The four icons next to the plus icon in the Layers Palette help to position the selected layer.
05:17	The first icon raises the selected layer to be the topmost layer.
05:23	The circle layer is currently selected.
05:25	Observe that on clicking, the circle layer now becomes the topmost layer.
05:33	The last icon lowers the selected layer to be the bottom-most layer.
05:38	Click on this icon. Observe that the circle layer is now the bottom-most layer.
05:44	The second icon raises the selected layer, one layer above.
05:48	Click on this icon. The circle layer has moved above the eye layer. So the eyes are not visible.
05:57	The third icon lowers the selected layer, one layer below.
06:01	Click on this icon. Now the circle layer has moved below the eye layer.
06:07	So, that is how these four icons can be used.
06:13	The minus icon at the end will delete the selected layer. Select the bow copy layer and click on it.
06:21	Observe that the bow copy layer is no longer seen.
06:27	Blend mode is a shortcut to apply the Blend filter to an entire layer.
06:31	This means that if objects overlap on the selected layers, Inkscape will do a pixel-by-pixel blend of the two objects.
06:41	So, keep the circle layer on the top to make the filters visible.
06:46	Click on the drop-down list of Blend mode. Notice there are 5 options.
06:52	The first option, that is Normal, does not add any filter to the layer.
06:57	Let me click on it. Observe no filter is added to the layer.
07:03	Next, click on Multiply.
07:06	Notice that objects on the topmost layer filters the light so that the objects on the bottom layers are visible.
07:14	At the same time, it also blends or mixes the colors to form darker colors in the overlap regions.
07:21	Next option is Screen.
07:25	Observe the top objects; they add lightness to the bottom objects.
07:30	So, it blends or mixes the colours to form lighter colours in the overlap regions.
07:36	Select Darken. The objects on the top layer, darken the objects on the bottom layers.
07:44	Now, let us select the last option that is Lighten. Here the top objects lighten the bottom objects.
07:53	If at any time you return the Blend mode back to Normal, the blend filters applied so far disappear.
08:00	We can see many more filters in the Filters menu.
08:04	To apply any particular filter, first select the object first and then click on the desired filter.
08:12	Move the circle layer to the bottom again.
08:16	Let me select an eye. Go to Filters menu. Select Blur and Fancy blur.
08:26	Observe the changes on the 'eye'.
08:29	Let me select the other 'eye'. Go to Filters menu. Select Bevel and Smart jelly.
08:39	Once again observe the changes applied to the 'eye'.
08:44	Now select the 'bow'. Go to Filters menu. Select Scatter and Air spray
08:51	The 'bow' appears as if it has been air-sprayed.
08:55	The Opacity option, right below the Blend mode, helps to reduce the Opacity of the selected layer.
09:01	Select the circle layer.
09:03	Adjust the Opacity level and observe the change in the ellipse.
09:10	Next, we will learn about Boolean operations.
09:13	Go to Path menu. These are the available Boolean operations.
09:21	Keep the available shapes aside.
09:26	Draw a square of green color and a circle of red color. Keep the circle above the square towards the side.
09:36	Select both. Go to Path menu and click on Union. Observe the 2 shapes are now joined together.
09:46	Now press Ctrl + Z on your keyboard to undo this action.
09:51	Again select both. Go to Path menu.
09:55	Click on Difference and observe what happens.
09:59	Press Ctrl + Z again to undo this action.
10:03	Again select both the objects. Go to Path menu and click on Intersection and observe the change in the shape.
10:11	Press Ctrl + Z again to undo this action.
10:16	Again select both objects. Go to Path menu and click on Exclusion.
10:22	Observe the change in the shape.
10:24	Again press Ctrl + Z.
10:27	Once again select both objects. Go to Path menu and click on Division.
10:34	Click on the divided circle and move that part aside to see the result.
10:39	Now, press Ctrl + Z twice to undo these actions.
10:44	Select both objects again. Go to Path menu and click on Cut path.
10:50	Observe the change in the shape.
10:53	Cut path option works only if the object has stroke. Un-select the shapes first.
10:59	Now, select any one of the strokes and move it aside to make the cut path visible.
11:05	Let us summarize. In this tutorial, we learnt about:
11:09	* Layers
11:10	* Filters and Boolean Operations.
11:14	Here are 4 assignments for you:
11:16	Create a rectangle with pink color and a triangle with green color.
11:21	Keep the triangle on the top of the rectangle.
11:24	Select both. Use Union. It should look like a home icon.
11:30	Name the layer as home.
11:32	Draw 2 circles.
11:34	Keep one on top of the other.
11:36	Select both and use Difference.
11:39	It should look like a crescent.
11:42	Draw an ellipse.
11:44	Create a star with 10 corners.
11:46	Keep it in the centre of the ellipse.
11:49	Select both and apply Exclusion.
11:52	Create 2 layers named crescent and star respectively.
11:57	Cut the crescent shape and paste in crescent layer.
12:00	In a similar way do for the star shape.
12:03	Your completed assignment should look like this.
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12:27	Spoken Tutorial Project is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
12:34	More information on this mission is available at the link shown.
12:39	We have come to the end of this tutorial.
12:42	This is Arthi and Saurabh from IIT Bombay, signing off. Thanks for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14