PERL/C2/Arrays/English-timed
From Script | Spoken-Tutorial
| Time | Narration |
| 00:01 | Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Arrays in Perl. |
| 00:06 | In this tutorial, we will learn about |
| 00:09 | Index of an array |
| 00:11 | Length of an array |
| 00:13 | Accessing elements of an array |
| 00:16 | Looping over an array |
| 00:18 | Sequential Array |
| 00:20 | And Array Slicing |
| 00:22 | Here I am using Ubuntu Linux12.04 operating system and Perl 5.14.2 |
| 00:30 | I will also be using the gedit Text Editor. |
| 00:34 | You can use any text editor of your choice. |
| 00:37 | You should have basic knowledge of Variables, Comments & Data Structures in Perl |
| 00:43 | Knowledge of loops and conditional statements will be an added advantage. |
| 00:48 | Please go through the relevant spoken tutorials on the spoken tutorial website. |
| 00:54 | Array is a simple data structure which contains elements of any data type. |
| 00:59 | Array index starts from zero always. |
| 01:03 | In Perl, it is not necessary to declare the length of an array. |
| 01:08 | Array length expands/shrinks as and when elements are added/removed from it. |
| 01:15 | The syntax for declaring an array is - |
| 01:18 | @myArray equal to open bracket 1 comma 2 comma 3 comma single quote abc single quote comma 10.3 close bracket semicolon |
| 01:31 | The last index of an array can be found with this command - |
| 01:35 | $#myArray |
| 01:38 | Let us understand this using sample program. |
| 01:42 | Open the terminal and type |
| 01:44 | gedit arrayIndex dot pl space ampersand |
| 01:50 | and press Enter. |
| 01:52 | This will open arrayIndex dot pl file in geditor |
| 01:57 | Type the piece of code that is displayed on screen |
| 02:02 | Here we have declared & defined an array which contains 5 elements. |
| 02:07 | As array index starts from zero, the last index value will be 4 |
| 02:14 | i.e number of elements, which is 5, minus 1. |
| 02:18 | Press Ctrl+S to save the file. |
| 02:22 | Now switch to terminal and execute the Perl script |
| 02:26 | Type perl arrayIndex dot pl |
| 02:30 | and press Enter. |
| 02:32 | The output will be as displayed on the terminal |
| 02:37 | Now, let us see how to get length of an array in Perl. |
| 02:41 | There are many ways by which we can find the length of an array. |
| 02:46 | Index of an array + 1 i.e. $#array + 1 |
| 02:53 | Using PERL inbuilt scalar function; i.e. scalar open bracket @array close bracket |
| 03:02 | Assign array to a scalar variable i.e. $arrayLength = @array |
| 03:09 | Let us look at an illustration of array length using a sample program. |
| 03:14 | Switch to the terminal and type - |
| 03:18 | gedit arrayLength dot pl space ampersand |
| 03:24 | Press Enter. |
| 03:27 | Type the following piece of code, as shown on the screen- |
| 03:32 | Here we have declared & defined an array which contains 5 elements. |
| 03:38 | So, output will display 5. |
| 03:41 | Highlighted, are various ways to find the length of an array in Perl. |
| 03:47 | Please note We have concatenated the output in the print statement using comma. |
| 03:53 | Press Ctrl + S to save the file. |
| 03:57 | Now let us execute the script. |
| 03:59 | Switch to terminal and type- |
| 04:02 | perl arrayLength dot pl and press Enter. |
| 04:07 | The output will be as displayed on the terminal. |
| 04:12 | Now, let us understand how to access individual elements in an array. |
| 04:18 | Indexing is used to access elements of an array. |
| 04:22 | Let us look at an example for accessing elements of an array at - |
| 04:27 | First Position |
| 04:28 | Last Position |
| 04:29 | Any position |
| 04:32 | Switch to the terminal and type - |
| 04:35 | gedit perlArray dot pl space ampersand |
| 04:42 | and press Enter. |
| 04:45 | Type the following piece of code as shown. |
| 04:49 | Please note- |
| 04:50 | myArray is declared with @ (at the rate) sign. |
| 04:54 | But, to access an array element we need to use $ (dollar) sign. |
| 04:59 | To access the element at any position, we need to pass index to an array |
| 05:07 | Here, to access the first element of myArray , |
| 05:11 | zero is passed as index. |
| 05:16 | To access the last element of myArray , we have passed the last index of myArray. |
| 05:24 | Recall, we had learnt about this earlier. |
| 05:28 | Press Ctrl + S to save the file. |
| 05:30 | Switch to the terminal and execute the script as - |
| 05:36 | perl perlArray dot pl |
| 05:41 | and press Enter. |
| 05:43 | The output will be as shown on the terminal |
| 05:47 | Now, let us understand, how to loop over each element of an array. |
| 05:52 | There are two ways of looping over an array- |
| 05:56 | Using for loop |
| 05:58 | Using foreach loop |
| 06:01 | Let's learn how to use these loops to iterate over an array using a sample program. |
| 06:07 | For this, switch to the terminal and type |
| 06:11 | gedit loopingOverArray dot pl space ampersand |
| 06:17 | And Press Enter |
| 06:20 | Type the piece of code as shown on the screen |
| 06:24 | Here, we are printing each element of array by iterating the index. |
| 06:31 | The for loop will execute till the value of i variable reaches the last index of an array. |
| 06:38 | Here, foreach loop will be executed for each element of an array. |
| 06:46 | Once the array reaches its last element, it will exit the foreach loop. |
| 06:53 | Please Note: If you are not aware of for and foreach loops, |
| 06:58 | please go through the relevant spoken tutorials on spoken tutorial website. |
| 07:04 | Now, Press Ctrl + S to save the file. |
| 07:07 | Then switch to the terminal and execute the script as - |
| 07:12 | perl loopingOverArray dot pl |
| 07:15 | and press Enter. |
| 07:19 | The output will be as displayed on the terminal. |
| 07:24 | In Perl, we can declare a sequential array as- |
| 07:28 | @alphaArray = open bracket a dot dot d close bracket semicolon |
| 07:37 | i.e alphaArray will contain elements 'a', 'b', 'c' and 'd' |
| 07:44 | Similarly, @numericArray equal to open bracket 1 dot dot 5 close bracket semicolon is same as
@numericArray equal to open bracket 1 comma 2 comma 3 comma 4 comma 5 |
| 08:03 | Perl also provides array slicing. |
| 08:06 | This is nothing but extracting part of an array and dumping it into a new array. |
| 08:13 | @array = 19 comma 23 comma 56 comma 45 comma 87 comma 89 close bracket semicolon |
| 08:27 | @newArray = @array open square bracket 1 comma 4 close square bracket semicolon |
| 08:38 | After slicing, the newArray will look like |
| 08:42 | @newArray = open bracket 23 comma 87 close bracket semicolon |
| 08:51 | Let us summarize. |
| 08:52 | In this tutorial, we have learnt to- |
| 08:55 | Find index of an array |
| 08:57 | Find length of an array |
| 08:59 | Access elements of an array |
| 09:01 | Loop over an array |
| 09:03 | Sequenial Array |
| 09:05 | Array Slicing using sample programs. |
| 09:07 | Here is assignment for you - |
| 09:10 | Declare an array of rainbow colors |
| 09:13 | Print 4th element of this array |
| 09:16 | Print Length and last index of this array |
| 09:19 | Loop over each element of an array using for & foreach loops |
| 09:25 | Declare array as @myArray = open bracket 1..9 close bracket semicolon and then create an array of odd numbers from above array using array slicing. |
| 09:41 | Watch the video available at the following link |
| 09:44 | It summaries the Spoken Tutorial project |
| 09:48 | If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it |
| 09:53 | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials |
| 09:58 | Gives certificates to those who pass an online test |
| 10:02 | For more details, please write to contact at spoken hyphen tutorial dot org |
| 10:09 | Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project |
| 10:13 | It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. |
| 10:20 | More information on this Mission is available at spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen Intro |
| 10:31 | Hope you enjoyed this Perl tutorial. |
| 10:35 | This is Amol signing off. |
| 10:37 | Thanks for joining. |
