Python-for-Automation/C3/Web-Scraping/English

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Visual Cue Narration
Show Slide:

Welcome

Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Web Scraping
Show Slide:

Learning Objectives

In this tutorial, we will learn to
  • Scrape data from any website
  • Extract it to a CSV file
  • Perform basic data analysis
  • Generate visualizations
Show Slide:

System Requirements

  • Ubuntu Linux OS 22.04
  • Python 3.12.3
 To record this tutorial, I am using
  • Ubuntu Linux OS version 22.04
  • Python 3.12.3
Show Slide:Pre-requisites

https://www.spoken-tutorial.org

To follow this tutorial
  • You must have basic knowledge of using Linux Terminal and Python
  • For pre-requisite Linux and Python Tutorials, please visit this website
  • Python libraries required for automation must be installed
Show Slide:Code Files
  • The files used in this tutorial are provided in the Code files link.
  • Please download and extract the files.
  • Make a copy and then use them while practicing.
Show Slide:

Web Scraping

Web Scraping is the automated process of extracting data from websites with software.

We will automate extracting data and information from web pages and parsing HTML content.

Show Slide: Web Scraping - Libraries
 To automate the process of extracting multimedia from a website, we need:
  • Requests library to fetch HTML content from a web page
  • BeautifulSoup library to parse and extract information from the HTML content
  • Matplotlib library to create static, animated, and interactive visualizations
  • Pandas library to provide data structures and data analysis tools
  • Xlsxwriter library is used for creating and formatting Excel files
  • Datetime library handles date operations like parsing strings into date objects
Show Slide:

Web Scraping - Example

For this tutorial, we will extract data from the spoken Tutorial statistics webpage.

Data analysis is done with workshops conducted between 2022 and 2023 on certain software.

Data such as State, City, Institution, Department, Organizer, Date and Participants are handled.

Point to the webscraping.py in downloads folder

Open the Text Editor with the source file

I have created the source file webscraping.py for demonstration.

Now, we will go through the source code in the text editor.

Looking at the code This source code will extract the necessary data, analyze it and plot graphs.
Highlight:import requests

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

import pandas as pd

from datetime import datetime

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

First we need to import the necessary modules for web scraping in Python.
Highlight: We fetch the HTML of the page with requests.get to the URL.

Then, we parse it with BeautifulSoup to return a soup object for further analysis.

Highlight: extract_table_data function extracts relevant data from an HTML table in the soup object.

Then, we find the table with the provided class name in the HTML.

An empty list is returned if no table is found.

Highlight: We find all the rows of the table except the first header row.

Then, an empty list is initialized to store the extracted data.

For each row in the table, we extract all cells and strip the text content from each cell.

Then, we store the values in a list.

Highlight: We finally check if the FOSS type column matches any of the values in the foss filter.

Then, we convert the date column to a datetime object.

This is to verify if it falls within the specified time range.

If both conditions are met, the row's data is added to the list.

Highlight: This function, locates the pagination element in the HTML and extracts the page numbers from it.

Pagination is the process of dividing content into discrete pages.

If page numbers are found, it returns the last one as the total number of pages.

If no pagination is found, it returns 1, assuming there's only one page.

Highlight: scrape_all_pages function scrapes data from all available pages.

First, it fetches the initial page’s content and then determines the number of pages.

Finally we extract the relevant data based on the filters.

Highlight: Now, we iterate over all remaining pages starting from page 2.

First, we modify the url to request each specific page, fetch content and extract data.

The data from each page is then appended to the overall dataset and returned.

Highlight: Next, we will define functions for data analysis and data visualization.

piechart_visualization function generates a pie chart showing the FOSS categories.

Additionally, the FOSS counts are saved to an Excel sheet with the specified sheet name.

Highlight: barchart_visualization function creates a bar chart showing the number of workshops per city.

It then writes the data to an excel sheet with the specified sheet name.

Highlight: We now define a function to filter the data frame to find workshops held at a specified college.

Then counting and retrieving unique FOSS types, departments, and organizers.

If no data is found for the given college, it returns None.

Otherwise, it returns the unique FOSS categories, departments, and organizers.

Highlight: We now first convert the Participants column to numeric values, filling any invalid entries with 0.

Then we group the data by city and FOSS type and calculate the total number of participants.

Unique city names and FOSS types are extracted, and numeric mappings are created to represent them.

Highlight: We can now create a 3D bar chart visualizing the participants in workshops by city and FOSS type.

The axes are labeled, and ticks are mapped to cities and FOSS values with a title.

Highlight: We define this function to ensure that an excel sheet name does not exceed the 31 character limit.

If the name is longer than 31 characters, it truncates the name to 28 characters with ellipsis.

Highlight: We now define the base url for scraping the data and set filters to focus on specific FOSS types.

We also set a date range from January 1 2022 to January 1 2023.

We then convert the start and end dates from string format to datetime objects for comparison.

Highlight: We now scrape all pages of data using the defined filters and store it in a DataFrame.

The DataFrame is then created with specified columns, and duplicates are removed.

Highlight: We can now write the DataFrame data to an Excel file and generate visualizations.

We also analyze and save workshop data for a specific college if available.

Highlight: A 3D visualization is generated from the DataFrame.

The data is saved and a confirmation message is printed.

Save the Code in the Downloads Folder Save the code as webscraping.py in the Downloads folder.
Open the terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)

Start Virtual Environment

Type

> source Automation/bin/activate

Open the terminal by pressing Control + Alt + T keys simultaneously.

We will open the virtual environment we created for the Automation series.

Type source space Automation forward slash bin forward slash activate.

Then press enter.

Running the Code

Type

> cd Downloads

> python3 webscraping.py

Now type, cd Downloads.

Then type python3 webscraping.py and press Enter

Observing the graphs#
Pie Chart


 As soon as we execute the code, matplotlib will display the graphs.

The pie chart displays the distribution of workshops by FOSS category.

This shows the proportion of each FOSS type as a percentage of the total workshops.

Close the window to see the next graph.

Observing the graphs#
Bar Chart
 The next graph we get is a Bar chart.

This shows the number of workshops conducted in each city.

Close the window to go to the next graph.

Observing the graphs#
3D Bar Chart
Finally, we see the 3D bar chart.

This graph displays cities, FOSS types and participant counts on the three axes.

Close the window.
Let us check the data in the excel sheet.
Navigating to Downloads

Files App > Downloads > st_data.xlsx

Go to the Downloads folder and double click to open the st_data.xlsx file.
Observing the Excel sheet We can see in the bottom left corner that we have created four sheets.
Sheet 1 - Workshops Data

Zoom and show the data

The first sheet has the Raw data that we extracted from the Spoken Tutorial website.

We can see the 10 columns here which contain all the data the website had.

Sheet 2 - FOSS Visualization In the second sheet named FOSS Visualization, the count of workshops for each FOSS category is shown.

This is the data of the pie chart we have seen earlier.

Sheet 3 - City Visualization The third sheet City Visualization shows the number of workshops conducted per city.


This is the data of the bar graph we have seen earlier.

Sheet 4 - Shri Phanishwar Nath Renu En... The last sheet shows the unique data - FOSS type, organizers, workshop dates and participants.
Closing the virtual environment

Type

> deactivate

Switch back to the terminal to close the virtual environment.

Type deactivate.

Show Slide:Applications of Web Scraping
 Web Scraping has lots of applications across various fields.
  • Price Monitoring - E-commerce websites scrape their Competitor websites.
  • They monitor their prices and adjust theirs accordingly.
Show Slide:Applications of Web Scraping
  • Academic Research - Researchers can scrape data from academic journals and websites.
  • They collect information for studies and research.
  • Financial Data Analysis - Analysts use web scraping to collect data from financial websites.
  • They analyze stock prices, market trends etc.
Show Slide:Summary This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarise.

In this tutorial, we have learnt to

  • Extract data from websites
  • Save data to a CSV file
  • Perform basic data analysis
  • Generate visualizations
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Assignment

As an assignment, please do the following:
  • Extract the workshop data using different foss filters, start and end date.
  • Write the data to an Excel sheet.
Show Slide:About the Spoken Tutorial Project The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial Project.Please download and watch it.
Show Slide:

Spoken Tutorial Workshops

The Spoken Tutorial Project team conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.

Show Slide:Answers for THIS Spoken Tutorial Please post your timed queries in this forum.
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FOSSEE Forum

For any general or technical questions on Python for Automation, visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.
Show Slide:Acknowledgement The Spoken Tutorial Project was established by the Ministry of Education, Government of India.
Show Slide:Thank You This is Sai Sathwik, a FOSSEE Semester Long Intern 2024, IIT Bombay signing off.

Thanks for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Madhurig, Nirmala Venkat

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