LaTeX/C2/Tables-and-Figures/English-timed

Time	Narration
00:00	Welcome to this tutorial on Tables and Figures.
00:05	We have two objectives in this tutorial.
00:08	The first one is to explain how to create tables using the tabular environment; the second objective is to explain how to include tables in latex documents using the table environment.
00:22	A similar technique can be used to include figures also.
00:27	We have seen how to create the title page,
00:32	this one has title, author information, and Creative Commons, copyright information as explained in the tutorial on equations.
00:45	Today’s date appears in the last column created by this command.
00:51	Let us go to the second page.
00:58	I will now explain to you, how to create this table in a step-by-step fashion.
01:05	Let us start with a clean slate.
01:08	Let me delete these commands.
01:19	I will compile this and start with a clean slate.
01:29	The tabular environment is created using begin tabular and end tabular commands.
01:38	Let me do that here.
02:03	The ‘r r’ characters within the braces, next to the begin tabular, say that there are two columns and that they are right aligned.
02:14	In the first line, the entries are "mango" and "mixed".
02:20	Two reverse-slashes indicate next line.
02:24	Let me enter the next line.
02:28	"Jackfruit".
02:32	"Kolli hills".
02:37	"Banana".
02:40	"Green".
02:42	Let me end this tabular environment.
02:47	Let me compile this.
02:51	And, this has appeared here.
02:56	We get the 3 by 2 table. There are three rows and 2 columns.
03:02	The two columns are right aligned as indicated by the 'r r' character.
03:09	To separate the two columns, we introduce a vertical line between the column alignment characters.
03:20	So, let me put that vertical line.
03:23	Save it.
03:24	Compile it.
03:28	You see that a vertical line has come.
03:31	If you want vertical lines at the end also, put them at appropriate places.
03:42	Let me put them, save them, compile them.
03:48	So, these have come.
03:50	As a matter of fact, we can put more vertical lines.
03:54	Let me put one more vertical line at the beginning.
04:02	There you are! A second line has come.
04:07	See there are two vertical lines.
04:11	We will now try different alignments.
04:15	Let's put a ‘c’ here to say that the second column should be center aligned.
04:27	This is center aligned now.
04:30	Let us make the first column left aligned.
04:34	Right now, it is right aligned; let me make them left aligned.
04:40	'l',
04:41	Save,
04:43	Compile.
04:46	Now it is left aligned.
04:50	We will now separate the rows with horizontal lines as follows.
04:56	Let's put a h-line here.
05:00	Let us see what happens when we do that.
05:04	It puts a top line.
05:07	If I put another h-line here,
05:16	see a line has come.
05:17	So, let me complete this.
05:19	Let me put h-line.
05:22	Here I have to put a break line with two reverse slashes and then h-line.
05:30	H-line begins from the beginning of the sentence.
05:36	So, now I have completed the horizontal lines.
05:42	Now, let us add three more columns and one more row.
05:49	So, what I do is- I come here, and 'c' , 'c', 'r'.
06:01	So, I have added three more columns, first two of them are center aligned the third one is right aligned.
06:08	And then here I want to say:
06:15	"fruit"
06:19	"type"
06:22	"number of units"
06:26	"cost per unit"
06:30	"cost rupees"
06:38	h-line.
06:41	So, "mixed"
06:43	"20"
06:45	"75" rupees
06:47	"1500" rupees.
06:51	"Jackfruit"
06:54	"10" of them
06:57	"50" rupees
06:59	"500" rupees.
07:01	"Banana green"
07:05	"10" dozens
07:07	"20" rupees a dozen and "200" rupees total.
07:12	So, let’s see whether we can compile this.
07:20	So, it has created the table.
07:25	See the need for right alignment, this is.. so that we can add these numbers.
07:34	Suppose, that we want to split the columns in two.
07:39	For example, here these two columns have fruit details and these three have cost calculations.
07:48	So, this is done with the help of what is known as multi-column command.
07:55	Let me do it as follows.
07:59	multi-column
08:04	take 2
08:06	center-aligned
08:10	Fruit Details.
08:12	First two are over then I put a tab to indicate the next column.
08:19	Go to the next line.
08:24	multi-column, three, also to be center-aligned.
08:29	Cost within braces – cost calculations
08:37	slash h-line.
08:44	So, there you are.
08:46	The first two have the title "Fruit details", the next three have the title "Cost calculations".
08:52	I don’t have the vertical lines that’s because I didn’t tell latex to do that. So let’s do that.
08:59	Here, I want two vertical lines, here I want one vertical line.
09:05	Before this, I already have the line here, so let me just put this here.
09:11	See what happens.
09:16	So, now the vertical lines have also come.
09:24	Because these 2 and 3 are single character arguments its possible to write them without braces.
09:40	Okay, same thing works.
09:42	Sometimes it is necessary to draw horizontal lines between only a few columns.
09:52	So, we explain this as follows.
09:54	Let me split this "mango" instead of "mixed", let me call this "Malgoa"
10:05	and then "18" kilograms
10:13	"50" kilograms.
10:17	Let me delete this.
10:23	okay.
10:24	And here, let me say that it is "Alfanso"
10:33	"2" dozens
10:35	"300" rupees a dozen, and a total of 1500.
10:44	Let’s see what happens when I save this. Compile this.
10:50	So, I’ve got this. What happens is, this line comes here and as well as here and I don’t want this and this. So, this is taken care of by saying instead of this horizontal line, I want a 'c' line and between the columns 2 and 4.
11:19	So, I should have done this here.
11:22	So let me put this back here.
11:27	H-line here.
11:30	c-line 2 to 4.
11:40	Okay, so now I have the line between columns two and four only.
11:52	So, this central line has split the mangoes into two of the most popular mangoes in India.
11:58	We will conclude this example, conclude this table with a last row.
12:04	Let me total up as follows.
12:11	multi-column four
12:14	2 vertical lines, right-aligned
12:20	vertical separator
12:24	Total cost
12:27	Rupees.
12:32	Close this.
12:35	Next tab
12:38	2200
12:42	h-line.
12:48	So there you are.
12:50	So, this was the table that we started with at the beginning of this tutorial.
12:59	How do we work with the tables created using the tabular environment?
13:04	Latex treats the entire table created using the tabular environment as a single object.
13:10	For example- if you write,
13:17	This is
13:24	an
13:27	example
13:39	"This is an example table".
13:47	What happens is this table gets sandwiched between these two. "This is an" example to, "example table".
13:56	This table appears in a running sentence.
14:01	It is possible to include tables using a centre environment.
14:05	A more common approach is to include it in the table environment. As we show now.
14:18	begin
14:21	table
14:25	Close this.
14:33	So, what happens is now ‘this is an example table’.
14:36	This statement comes separately and whatever that appeared between this ‘begin’ and ‘end’ table have been placed separately as a table.
14:50	In other words, even though the table appears in between some text, it has been put separately.
14:57	This is not centered.
14:59	What I can do is, give a command here called ‘centering’
15:08	to place this at the center of the document.
15:17	Let us now create a caption.
15:20	Table caption is put before the table.
15:23	Let me put a caption here.
15:31	"Caption cost of fruits in India".
15:42	So, the caption has come.
15:44	This is too close; I want to leave a small space.
15:47	Let me do that by giving through this v-space command 1 ex.
15:57	That is the space equivalent of the ‘x’ character.
16:01	So, I have left this vertical space.
16:04	So, now it looks okay.
16:06	By default, Latex places tables at the top of the page.
16:11	This placement is done automatically.
16:14	The table is ‘floated’ to the next available slot.
16:18	To explain this, let me cut and paste some text from the bottom of this document.
16:25	Let me delete this.
16:28	Let me delete this.
16:38	Alright.
16:43	Now there is some write up about these fruits.
16:49	Go to the top of this.
16:55	Paste it here.
16:58	Compile it.
17:01	So as before the table got placed at the top of this page.
17:06	Let me put some more text here.
17:12	Four copies.
17:16	So now what has happened is
17:26	this table has been floated to the second page and
17:31	there is nothing else here so it has been placed at the middle of this page.
17:35	Let me put one more copy of this, some more text.
17:43	So now what has happened is
17:49	this is the title page, this is the text page, the table has been floated, it has gone to the top of this page.
18:01	As in equations, we can also create labels and use them for referencing.
18:06	For example
18:12	you give this command below the caption command.
18:15	You have to give it below the caption command because it is the caption command that creates the table number.
18:21	For example, here table 1 has been created automatically by this caption command.
18:26	If you put the label after this, this label will refer to the number created using the caption command.
18:33	So label
18:40	fruits.
18:43	So let me just go back and say
18:48	let me add this line here.
18:53	The cost of these fruits is shown in Table reference, you have to give the label, it should be the same as this
19:08	tab fruits
19:12	Let me compile it.
19:16	So there it is.
19:17	On first compilation, this variable is not assigned.
19:22	So let me re-compile it, so now I have got this.
19:28	We can create a list of tables automatically.
19:33	As we explain now.
19:37	After the ‘make title’, suppose we want this ‘list of tables’ - one word, is the command.
19:50	So what has happened is
19:53	it has created a list of tables.
19:57	Typically one would have to compile twice to make sure the table number comes correct.
20:03	Here it comes, the table according to this list is in page two but we know that it is in page 3.
20:13	So this is in page 3.
20:15	So lets go back and compile it once more
20:20	so there you are, it is in page 3.
20:26	So this has been explained before.
20:29	Alright, this comes to the end of this part in which we explained tables.
20:36	We will now explain how to create figures using the command called ‘include graphics’.
20:48	So for this we need to include this package called ‘graphicx’.
21:00	Okay! Suppose I go to the bottom of this,
21:08	and say, the command is as follows. Begin, figure,
21:14	include graphics,
21:19	width equals.
21:29	I have a file called iitb.pdf.
21:36	There you are.
21:38	I include it here with the width of this figure coming out to be equal to that of the line width.
21:51	Let me end this figure.
21:55	Compile this.
22:01	There you are.
22:04	So, it has also been put at the top of this page.
22:09	Alright! What I will do is, so let me just, this is for if I want to use the entire line width .
22:17	Suppose I want to use point 5, that is half a line width,
22:26	then it has been made small.
22:29	And note that it has been left aligned
22:32	as in the table, I can say ‘centering’
22:38	which will center this at the middle.
22:49	I can also create a caption; figure captions are created after the figure is included.
23:00	‘Golden Jubilee' logo of IIT Bombay.
23:13	Okay, as before I can create a label and refer to it using the ‘ref’ command.
23:28	I can also make this list of figures appear along with the list of tables.
23:36	So, suppose I want list of figures also.
23:45	I will compile it.
23:48	I will compile it twice
23:51	and there it is. List of figures also comes automatically.
23:56	All the figure captions will appear here.
24:08	There is one last thing that I want to show you here.
24:11	That is how to rotate these figures.
24:15	This is done by the angle option.
24:21	Suppose, angle.. I want to rotate by 90 degrees.
24:25	So, let's go to this figure.
24:29	Let’s compile this.
24:32	So, this has been rotated by 90 degrees.
24:37	Rotate it by 'minus 90'.
24:42	Alright. So, this is the way to include figures.
24:48	Here I am assuming that iitb.pdf is available.
24:53	This brings us to the end of this tutorial.
24:55	The beginners of latex should compile after every few changes to the source document and make sure that what they have entered is correct.
25:05	Thank you for listening to this tutorial.
25:07	This is Kannan Moudgalya, signing off. Good-bye.

Contributors and Content Editors

Minal, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14