C-and-C++/C4/Function-Call/English-timed
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Time | Narration |
00:01 | Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Function calls in C and C++ |
00:07 | In this tutorial we will learn about type of function calls namely |
00:13 | call by value. |
00:14 | call by reference. |
00:16 | We will do this through an example. |
00:19 | To record this tutorial, I am using Ubuntu Operating system version 11.10 |
00:26 | gcc and g++ Compiler version 4.6.1 |
00:31 | Let us start with the introduction to functions call by value |
00:35 | It is a method of passing arguments to the function. |
00:40 | When we pass a variable by value it makes a copy of the variable. |
00:45 | Before passing to the function. |
00:48 | Changes made to the arguments inside the function will remain in the function. |
00:54 | It will not be affected outside the function. |
00:58 | Let us see a program on function call by value. |
01:02 | I have already typed the program on the editor. I will just open it. |
01:08 | Please note our filename is callbyval.c. |
01:13 | In this program we will calculate the cube of a number. Let me explain the code now. |
01:19 | This is our header file |
01:21 | Here we have function cube having an argument as int x. |
01:27 | In this function we calculate the cube of x and return the value of x. |
01:33 | This is our main function. |
01:36 | Here we give the value of n as 8. n is an integer variable |
01:43 | Then we call the function cube. |
01:45 | And print the value of n and the cube of n. |
01:49 | And this is our return statement. |
01:52 | Now let us execute the program. |
01:54 | open the terminal window by pressing Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously on your keyboard. |
02:02 | To compile , type gcc space callbyval.c space hyphen o space val. Press Enter |
02:12 | Now type ./val (dot slash val).Press Enter |
02:16 | The output is displayed as Cube of 8 is 512. |
02:23 | Now we will see function call by reference. |
02:26 | Let us go back to our slides. |
02:29 | It is another method of passing arguments to the function. |
02:33 | This method copies the address of the argument instead of the value. |
02:39 | Changes made to the arguments inside a function can affect them outside. |
02:45 | In this we need to declare the arguments as pointer type. |
02:50 | Let us see an example on function call by reference. |
02:54 | Note that our filename is callbyref.c |
02:59 | This is our header file as stdio.h |
03:03 | Then we have function swap |
03:06 | This function will exchange the values of the variables. |
03:10 | Value of a will be stored in value of b and vice-versa. |
03:15 | You can see that the arguments passed in the function are pointer type. |
03:21 | Here we have declared an integer variable t. |
03:25 | First value of a is stored in t. |
03:28 | Then value of b is stored in a. |
03:32 | And then value of t is stored in b |
03:37 | Like this the values are exchanged. |
03:40 | This is our main function. |
03:42 | Here we have declared two integer variables as i and j . |
03:49 | Then we take the values of i and j as user inputs. |
03:53 | Ampersand i and Ampersand j will give the memory address of i and j. |
03:59 | First we print the values before swapping. |
04:04 | Then we call the function swap |
04:06 | And then we print the values after swapping. |
04:10 | And this is our return statement. |
04:13 | Now let us execute the program |
04:16 | Switch back to our terminal |
04:19 | To compile type gcc space callbyref dot c space hyphen o space ref. Press Enter |
04:29 | Now type dot slash ref. Press Enter |
04:33 | We see, enter the values I will enter as 6 and 4 |
04:40 | The output is displayed as,before swapping 6 and 4 |
04:44 | After swapping 4 and 6 |
04:48 | Now let us see how to execute the same program in C++ |
04:53 | I have the code, lets go through it. |
04:57 | This is the second program function callbyreference . |
05:01 | Note that our filename is callbyref.cpp |
05:06 | Let us go through the code |
05:08 | This is our header file as iostream |
05:12 | Here we are using the std namespace |
05:16 | The function declaration is same in C++. |
05:19 | In this we pass the arguments as ampersand x and ampersand y. |
05:25 | This will give the memory address of x and y. |
05:29 | Then we swap the values. |
05:32 | Rest of the code is similar to our C code. |
05:36 | The printf statement is replaced by cout and the scanf statement is replaced by cin |
05:44 | Now let us execute the program. Come back to our terminal |
05:48 | To compile type; g++ space callbyref.cpp space hyphen o space ref1, press Enter |
06:00 | Now Type dot slash ref1, Press Enter |
06:05 | Here it is displayed as: |
06:07 | Enter values of a and b |
06:10 | I will enter as 4 and 3 |
06:13 | The output is displayed |
06:15 | Before swapping a and b 4 and 3 |
06:19 | After swapping a and b 3 and 4 |
06:23 | This brings us to the end of this tutorial. |
06:26 | Let us go back to our slides. |
06:30 | Let us summarize, In this tutorial we learn't: |
06:32 | Function call by value. |
06:34 | And Function call by reference. |
06:37 | As an assignment |
06:38 | Write a similar program to calculate the cube of a number. |
06:42 | Using call by value in C++. |
06:46 | Watch the video available at the link shown below |
06:49 | It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project |
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07:23 | More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below |
07:27 | This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off |
07:31 | Thank You for joining. |
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