Linux/C3/More-on-grep-command/English

Title of script: More on grep command

Author : Sachin Patil

Keywords:Search,Pattern,regular expressions,extended regular expression

Visual Cue	Narration
Display Slide 1	Welcome to the spoken tutorial on more on grep command
Display Slide 2	In this tutorial we will learn some more grep commands. Through some examples
Display Slide 3	To record this tutorial, I am using Ubuntu Linux 12.04 Operating System and GNU BASH version 4.2.24 Please note, GNU bash version 4 or above is recommended to practice this tutorial.
Display Slide 4	As prerequisites You should know Basics of linux terminal. You should be aware of grep. For relevant tutorials please visit our website: http://spoken-tutorial.org
At the prompt type “grep -e “electronics” -e “civil” grepdemo.txt” [enter]	We can match more than one patterns as well. Then we have to use the -e option. I will use the same example grepdemo.txt Say we want to find information for those who are either in civil or electronics. We need to type: grep space hyphen e space in double quotes electronics space hyphen e space in double quotes civil space grepdemo.txt Press Enter. The output is displayed.
At the prompt type “grep -ie “choudhury” -ie “chowdhari” grepdemo.txt” [enter]	Say you need to look into people whose title is choudhury. The problem is different people spell their titles in different way. So what is the solution?. In such cases we can use hyphen e option with hyphen i. Type: grep space hyphen ie space in double quotes choudhury space hyphen ie space in double quotes chowdhari space grepdemo.txt Press Enter. The output is displayed. But there can be many other ways in which we can write the name. How many -e options can we give. Obviously there needs to be a better way and that way is through Regular expressions.
Display Slide 5	A regular expression provides a concise and flexible means for matching strings of text. Such as particular characters, words or patterns of characters.
	There are a number of regular expression characters. Let us see them one by one.
Display Slide 6	The character class. It allows us to specify a group of characters within a pair of square brackets . Only one out of this group of characters is matched. Eg. [abc] would mean that this regular expression matches either a or b or c.
At the prompt grep -i “ch[ao][uw]dh[ua]r[yi]” grepdemo.txt [enter]	To match choudhury we may type at the prompt grep space hyphen i space in double quotes ch[ao][uw]dh[ua]r[yi] space grepdemo.txt Press Enter. The output is displayed. It still does not match choudhuree with double e.
Display Slide 7	If we want to specify a large range then write: first letter dash last letter of the range Suppose we like to match any digit we simply write [0-9]. One out of this group of characters is matched.
Display Slide 8	The * refers to 0 or more occurrences of the immediately preceding character. For example ab* can match a,ab,abb,abbb etc.
At the prompt grep -i “m[ei]*raa*” grepdemo.txt [enter]	So to match the students name whose name is Mira We write at the prompt: grep space hyphen i space in double quotes m[ei] asterisk r a a asterisk space grepdemo.txt Press Enter. The output is displayed.
	The dot “.” This regular expression matches any one character.
At the prompt grep “M...” grepdemo.txt [enter]	Say we want to search any words that are 4 letters long and start with M. We would simply write grep space in double quotes M... space space grepdemo.txt Press Enter. The output is displayed. Here the space within the quotes is important. As it would match 5 or more letter words.
Display Slide 10	We may be specific about where in the line we want to search for our pattern. It may be at the beginning of the line. For that we have the caret sign.
At the prompt grep “^A” grepdemo.txt [enter]	Now if we want those entries whose roll numbers start with A. We know that roll is the first field in the file. We write at the prompt: grep in double quotes caret A then space grepdemo.txt Press Enter.
Display Slide 11 At the prompt, type: grep “[78]...$ ” grepdemo.txt [enter]	Similarly to match a pattern at the end of the file, we have the dollar sign. To find stipends between 7000 to 8999 we have to write: grep space in double quotes [78]...dolar sign space grepdemo.txt Press Enter The output is displayed. This brings me to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.
Display Slide 12 Summary	In this tutorial we learnt, To match more than one pattern eg. grep -e “electronics” -e “civil” grepdemo.txt To check a word that has different spelling eg. grep -ie “choudhury” -ie “chowdhari” grepdemo.txt Character class eg. grep -i “ch[ao][uw]dh[ua]r[yi]” grepdemo.txt The use of * eg. grep -i “m[ei]*raa*” grepdemo.txt To match any one character using dot eg. grep “M...” grepdemo.txt To match a pattern at the beginning of the file eg. grep “^A” grepdemo.txt To match a pattern at the end of the file eg. grep “[78]...$ ” grepdemo.txt
Display Slide 13	As an assignment, List those entries that are 5 letters long and starts with Y.
Display Slide 14 Acknowledgement Slide	Watch the video available at the link shown below It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
Display Slide 15 Spoken Tutorial Workshops	The Spoken Tutorial Project Team Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials Gives certificates to those who pass an online test For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org
Display Slide 16 Acknowledgement	Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India More information on this Mission is available at: http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro
No Last Slide for tutorials created at IITB Display the previous slide only and narrate this line.	The script has been contributed by Sachin Patil. This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signning off. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Ashwini