PhET-Simulations-for-Chemistry/C3/Sugar-and-Salt-solutions/English
Sugar and Salt Solutions
Author: Vidhi Thakur
Keywords: PhET simulation, Sugar, Salts, solute, molarity, concentration, evaporation, Conductivity, water partial charges, space fill format and Ball and stick format, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.
Visual Cue | Narration |
Slide Number 1
Title Slide |
Welcome to this tutorial on Sugar and Salt solutions. |
Slide Number 2
Learning Objectives
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In this tutorial, we will learn about,
Change in concentration of the solution on:
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Slide Number 3
Learning Objectives |
Conductivity of a solution
Identify whether the given compound is ionic or covalent. |
Slide Number 4
System Requirement |
Here I am using
Java version 1.8.
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Slide Number 4
Pre-requisites https://spoken-tutorial.org |
To follow this tutorial, learner should be familiar with topics in high school science.
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Slide Number 5
Link for PhET simulation point to
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Please use the given link to download the PhET simulation.
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Point to the file in the Downloads folder. | I have downloaded Sugar and Salt Solutions simulation, to my Downloads folder. |
Double click the file to open | To open the simulation double click on the file. |
Cursor on the interface. | This is the interface of Sugar and Salt Solutions simulation |
Cursor on simulation interface.
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The simulation interface has 3 tabs.
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Cursor on Macro interface. | Macro tab opens first by default.
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Show the location of inlet and outlet Faucets. | Inlet water faucet is placed at the top-left of the container.
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Cursor on the container. | The container is graduated and filled with water.
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Show salt shaker. | A salt shaker is placed at the top of the container.
Shake the salt dispenser to add salt to the container. |
Cursor on the right panel. | On the right, we see Solute, Concentration and Conductivity panels. |
Cursor on the right panel.
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The Solute panel shows Salt and Sugar radio buttons.
From here we can select the solute type. Let us keep the default solute as salt.
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Cursor on the right panel.
Click on the show values checkbox |
The Concentration panel shows the concentration as a bar graph.
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Cursor to bottom panel
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At the bottom we see Evaporation panel with a slider.
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Cursor to the bottom of container. | There is a Remove salt button at the bottom of the container.
On clicking this button salt is removed from the solution. |
Click the Reset All button. | Reset All button resets the simulation to default parameters. |
Cursor on the water container.
Click on the show value check box. |
Let us observe the concentration of salt in water.
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Shake the salt dispenser. | Shake the salt shaker to add salt to the container. |
Slide Number 6
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Concentration is a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a given solution.
Molarity (M) = n/V
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Cursor on concentration panel
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On adding salt, concentration increases as seen in the concentration panel.
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Cursor on concentration panel | Let us add more salt and record the change in concentration.
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Slide Number 8
Table 1 |
Here I have calculated the amount of solute for different concentrations.
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Drag the slider on the inlet Faucet. | Let's add some water to the container till the 1.5 litres mark.
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Cursor on the simulation. | A decrease in concentration is observed.
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Cursor on Evaporation panel.
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Now let us see the effect of evaporation on concentration.
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Cursor to the green electrode
Cursor to red electrode
Cursor to bulb and battery |
Let us now check the Conductivity panel.
It consists of a circuit with a green negatively charged anode.
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Cursor on the right panel.
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Now let us observe the conductivity of the solution.
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Shake the salt dispenser.
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Let's add more salt to the container.
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Point to the bulb. | Dissociated salts conduct electricity through ions.
Hence intensity of brightness increases. |
Click on Reset all button
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Click on the Reset All button.
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Cursor on the water container. | Let us observe the concentration of sugar in water.
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Shake the sugar dispenser. | Let's add sugar to the container.
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Cursor on concentration panel
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On adding sugar concentration increases as seen in the Concentration panel.
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Slide Number 9
Table 2 |
Molecular weight of sugar is 342.3 g/mol
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Cursor on right panel.
Drag the circuit inside the solution
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Now let us observe the conductivity of the solution.
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Point to the solution and bulb. | This is because sugar does not dissociate into ions.
Hence cannot conduct electricity. |
Click on the micro tab to open. | To observe this phenomenon in detail click the Micro tab to open it. |
Cursor on the interface. | In the Micro tab, molecular movement of ions can be observed in the solution. |
Cursor on right panel. | On the right, you will see Solute and Concentration panels.
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Cursor on the water container.
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I will keep Sodium chloride as the default solute.
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Shake salt shaker in a container,
Cursor in right panel |
Let us add sodium chloride to the container using the salt shaker.
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Cursor on the right panel.
Add Sucrose to the container.
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Let's click on the Reset All button to reset the simulation to default parameters.
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Point to the molecules in the container. | Sucrose will not dissociate, as it is a molecular solid with covalent bonding.
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Click the arrow button to show the solutes. | Now slide the solute panel to explore more solutes.
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Cursor on Periodic table button.
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The Periodic table button is present in the right panel.
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Click on the Water tab.
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Now click on the Water tab.
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Point to sugar and salt in molecular form. | Interface shows salt and sugar as solutes in molecular form. |
Cursor on the right panel.
Cursor on options and buttons.
Point to the sugar molecules in the Sugar bucket.
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On the bottom right panel, you will see the Show panel.
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Cursor on the button.
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In the right panel, we can also see a Sugar in 3D button.
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Click on the X button to close. | Let us close the window. |
Add salt and pause the simulation.
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Now let's add salt to water and immediately pause the simulation.
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Click on the Reset All.
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Click on the Reset All button on the right panel.
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Add sugar to water and pause the simulation.
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Now add sugar to water and immediately pause the simulation.
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Slide Number 7
Summary |
With this we have come to the end of this tutorial.
Let's summarise.
Conductivity of a solution. Identify whether the given compound is ionic or covalent. |
Slide Number 10
Assignment |
As an assignment,
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Slide Number 11
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The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
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Slide Number 12
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We conduct workshops using spoken tutorials and give certificates.
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Slide Number 13
Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial? Please visit this site Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly The spoken tutorial project will ensure answer. You will have to register on this website to ask questions. |
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Slide Number 14
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The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial.
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Slide Number 15
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Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education (MoE), Govt. of India |
This is Vidhi Thakur, a FOSSEE
Thank you for joining.
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