PhET-Simulations-for-Physics/C3/Pendulum-Lab/English

Visual Cue	Narration
Slide Number 1 Title slide	Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Pendulum Lab simulation.
Slide number 2 Learning objectives	In this tutorial we will demonstrate, Pendulum Lab PhET simulation.
Slide Number 3 System Requirements	Here I am using, Ubuntu Linux OS version 16.04 Java version 1.8.0 Firefox Web Browser version 62.0.3
Slide Number 4 Pre-requisites	To follow this tutorial, Learner should be familiar with topics in high school physics.
Slide Number 5 Learning goals	Using this simulation, we will, Describe simple harmonic motion Demonstrate the oscillations of a pendulum Investigate the factors that affect the oscillations of a pendulum
Slide Number 6 Learning goals	Explain Conservation of energy during motion of the pendulum Demonstrate the oscillations for a pair of pendulums Demonstrate the oscillations of a pendulum on other celestial bodies
Slide Number 7 Simple Pendulum	Simple Pendulum. A simple pendulum has a fixed string attached to a bob.
Slide Number 8 Simple harmonic motion	Now we will define simple harmonic motion. Simple harmonic motion arises when the force on the oscillating body is directly proportional to its displacement from its mean position. i.e., F α -x In SHM there is a continuous interchange of kinetic and potential energies. Here, mechanical energy is conserved.
Slide Number 9 Link for PhET Simulation http://phet.colorado.edu	Use the given link to download the simulation. http://phet.colorado.edu
Point to the files in the Downloads folder.	I have already downloaded the simulation to my Downloads folder.
Right click on pendulum-lab_en.html file. Select Open with Firefox web Browser option.	Right click on pendulum-lab_en.html file. Select the option Open with Firefox Web Browser. Pendulum Lab simulation opens.
Point to each screen.	In the Pendulum lab simulation, we have three screens. Intro Energy and Lab
Click on the Intro screen.	Click on Intro screen to open it.
Point to Pendulum. Point to the protractor. Point to the ruler.	In this screen we have, A blue coloured pendulum. A Protractor to show the changes in the angle of the pendulum. A ruler to measure the distance from the fixed point to the centre of mass.
Point to Length and Mass sliders.	Length and Mass sliders to change the length and mass of the pendulum.
Point to Gravity and Friction sliders.	Gravity and Friction sliders to change gravity and friction.
Move the cursor on the check box.	At the bottom left corner of the screen we have grey coloured box. It has the following checkboxes. A Ruler A Stopwatch and A Period Trace.
Move the cursor to the bottom of the screen.	At the bottom of the screen we have, a Pendulum and a Pair of pendulum buttons.
Point to Stop, Play/Pause and Step buttons.	Stop button to stop the oscillations of the pendulum. Play/Pause and Step buttons.
Point to Normal or Slow radio buttons.	Normal or Slow radio buttons to change animation speed.
Point to Reset button.	And a Reset button to reset the simulation.
Open the simulation Move the cursor on the bob.	For the pendulum, reference line on the bob is the centre of mass.
Click and drag the pendulum from 180 to -180 degrees.	Pendulum’s angle can be changed from 180 to -180 degrees.
Click and drag the pendulum to 30 degrees.	Drag the pendulum to a particular angle say 30 degrees and allow to oscillate.
Move the cursor on the Length slider.	Here, default length of pendulum is 0.70 m.
Click and drag the Length slider towards left.	Now click and drag the Length slider towards left till 0.30 m.
Click and drag the Length slider towards right.	Observe that as we decrease the length, pendulum oscillates faster. Drag it back to 0.70 m.
Move the cursor on the Mass slider.	The default mass of pendulum is 1 kg.
Click and drag the mass slider towards left till 0.50kgin steps of 10.	Click and drag the mass slider towards left till 0.50 kg. Observe that as we change the mass, it does not affect the oscillations of the pendulum.
Point to the Friction slider.	Note that Friction slider is at None.
Click and drag the Friction slider towards Lots.	Now click and drag the Friction slider towards Lots. Observe that the oscillations of the pendulum slow down.
Point to the Pendulum.	After some time pendulum stops oscillating. This is due to increase in friction, as friction damps the oscillations of the pendulum.
Click on the Reset button.	Click on Reset button to reset the simulation.
Cursor on the screen.	Now let us measure time for 10 oscillations at different lengths.
Slide Number 10 Tabular column	We will make a tabular column, to show length and time for 10 oscillations of a pendulum.
Click on the Stop watch check box.	Next select the Stop watch to record the time for 10 oscillations. We will count 10 oscillations for length 0.70 m.
Click and drag the pendulum.	Click and drag the pendulum at an angle of 30 degrees to count number of oscillations.
Click on Stopwatch.	Now we will count the 10 oscillations. one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.
Point to the table.	Note the value in the table.
Slide Number 11 Tabular column	To find the mean time taken for 10 oscillations, we need to measure the time for 0.70 m again.
Click on the Reset button of stop watch.	Click on Reset button of the Stop watch to take the count of next 10 oscillations.
Click on Stop button.	Click on Stop button to stop the oscillations.
Click and drag the Length slider to 0.60 m.	Change the length to 0.60 m.
Point to 0.60 m.	Follow the same steps to count 10 oscillations for length 0.60 m.
Slide Number 12 Tabular column	Here I have already taken the observations for two different lengths.
Slide Number 13 Assignment	As an assignment, Change the length of the pendulum to 0.50 m, 0.40 m and 0.30 m. Count for 10 oscillations. Note down the time.
Move cursor on Energy screen.	Next we will move on to Energy screen, Click on Energy screen button at the bottom of the interface.
Click on the Energy screen.	In this screen, we will explain how energy is conserved during the oscillations of the pendulum.
Move the cursor on the Energy Graph.	Energy screen has almost same tools as that for Intro screen except for the Energy Graph.
Move the cursor on the pendulum.	Click and drag the pendulum to 60 degrees and allow it to oscillate. Observe the graph.
From drop down select Jupiter. Point to the graph.	From the drop down below Gravity select Jupiter. Observe the change in graph.
Click on the Slow radio button.	Click on the Slow radio button to see the change in graph during the oscillations of the pendulum.
Move the cursor on graph.	Here, we observe that at the extreme positions the potential energy is maximum. At the mean position, the kinetic energy is maximum. Therefore, the total mechanical energy is conserved during the motion.
Click on the Normal radio button.	Click on the Normal radio button.
Point to Friction.	Now we will see the effect of friction in the graph.
Click and drag the Friction slider towards Lots.	Click and drag the Friction slider towards Lots.
Point to Energy Graph.	Observe that due to increase in friction there is sudden increase in thermal energy.
Point to the Energy Graph.	After some time total mechanical energy equals thermal energy. This is because friction damps oscillations of the pendulum.
Point to Lab screen.	Now we will move to Lab screen.
Click on the Lab screen. Point to the checkboxes.	In this screen, we have the same tools that are included in previous screens. Additionally we have velocity and Acceleration check boxes at the top left corner.
Point to Period timer.	And Period Timer instead of Period Trace.
From the bottom of the screen click on pair of pendulums.	Select the pair of pendulums.
Move the cursor on the top right corner of the screen.	Here, we can see that on the top right corner, there are two lengths and two mass sliders.
Move the cursor on Length 2.	The default length of second pendulum is 1 m.
Move the cursor on Mass 2.	Default mass is 0.50 kg.
Click and drag the blue pendulum to 60 degrees.	Drag the blue pendulum to 60 degrees and allow it to oscillate.
Click and drag the red pendulum to 60 degrees.	Similarly, drag the red pendulum.
Move the cursor on the Acceleration and Velocity box.	Note that green colour is for Velocity vector. And yellow is for Acceleration.
Click on the Velocity check box.	Select Velocity check box.
Click on the Slow radio button.	Select the Slow radio button to observe the velocity vector carefully.
Move cursor on green colour arrow.	Here, we observe that velocity is maximum at its mean position. It decreases at the extreme positions. This is due to maximum kinetic energy at the mean position.
Click on the acceleration check box.	Similarly, let us select Acceleration vector and observe the change in acceleration.
Slide Number 14 Assignment	As an assignment, Explain why acceleration is maximum at extreme positions?
Click on the Reset button.	Click on Reset button to reset the simulation.
Point to the Blue pendulum.	Using the pendulum, we will compare calculated and measured Time period for different lengths.
Slide Number 15 Tabular column	Let us make a tabular column for Length L, Time period T (Calculated) and Time period T (Measured).
Slide Number 16 Formula for time period We can calculate the time period using formula T=2π√(l/g) Where ‘l’ is the length and ‘g’ is acceleration due to gravity. Value of g = 9.81m/s^2	We can calculate the time period using formula T=2π√(l/g) Where ‘l’ is length and ‘g’ is acceleration due to gravity. Value of g = 9.81 m/s^2
Click on the Period Timer check box from the left bottom grey colour box.	Select Period Timer. On the right side of the screen a Period Timer appears.
Point to length slider.	Note down 0.70 m in the length column.
Slide Number 17 Tabular column	Here I have already calculated the time period using the formula. We will measure the time period from the simulation.
Click and drag the pendulum.	Now click and drag the pendulum to 40 degrees.
Click on the start button of Period Timer.	Click on the start button of the Period Timer. Value for time period appears on the screen.
Cursor on the interface.	Note the time period in the measured column.
Click and drag the Length slider to 0.60 m.	Now change the length to 0.60 m.
Click on the Period Timer.	Again click on the Period Timer.
Slide Number 18 Tabular column	Note the value in the table.
Slide Number 19 Assignment	As an assignment, Change the lengths of the pendulum to 0.50 m, 0.40 m, and 0.30 m. Note down the measured Time period.
Slide Number 20 Assignment	Calculate the time period using the formula. Compare the calculated and measured time period values.
Click on Reset button.	Next Reset the simulation.
Click and drag the pendulum to 30 degrees.	Drag the pendulum to 30 degrees to oscillate.
Point to Gravity.	Note that acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.81 meter per second square.
Click on the drop down list below Gravity to select Jupiter.	Now select Jupiter from the drop-down list.
Point to a pendulum.	Observe the change in oscillations of the pendulum.
Point to Gravity value.	Note that value of acceleration due to gravity on Jupiter is more than that on Earth.
Slide Number 21 Assignment	As an assignment, Observe the oscillations on other celestial bodies.
	Let us summarise
Slide Number 22 Summary	In this tutorial, we have demonstrated, How to use Pendulum lab PhET simulation.
Slide Number 23 Summary	Using this simulation, we have, Described simple harmonic motion Demonstrated oscillations of a pendulum Investigated the factors that affect the oscillations of a pendulum
Slide Number 24 Summary	Demonstrated how energy is conserved during oscillations Demonstrated the oscillations of a pair of pendulums Observed the oscillations on other celestial bodies
Slide Number 25 About Spoken Tutorial project	The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. Please download and watch it.
Slide Number 26 Spoken Tutorial workshops	The Spoken Tutorial Project team, conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests. For more details, please write to us.
Slide Number 27 Forum for specific questions: Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial? Please visit this site Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly Someone from our team will answer them	Please post your timed queries in this forum.
Slide Number 28 Acknowledgements	This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.
Slide Number 29 Acknowledgement	Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this mission is available at this link.
	This is Himanshi Karwanje from IIT-Bombay. Thank you for joining.

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