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| − | '''Title of script''':
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| − | '''Author: madhuri'''
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| − | '''Keywords: Video Tutorial'''
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| − | '''Outline:- '''
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| − | Draw Cyclohexane molecule
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| − | Convert Cyclohexane to Cyclohexene
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| − | Use Eraser tool to delete part of the structure
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| − | Convert Cyclohexene to Benzene.
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| − | Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with other atoms
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| − | Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with group of atoms
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| − | Use Add or modify a group of atoms tool to substitute atoms
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| − | Use tool Merge to merge two molecules
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| − | '''Please do the following corrections'''
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| − | 1. Slide no 6 -Benzene Derivatives:Point no.2. can be written as
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| − | Hydrogen on the Benzene ring can be substituted by halogen atoms such as fluoro, chloro, bromo etc and Functional groups like hydroxy, nitro and methyl.
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| − | 2. Slide no 10 and 11 -Assignment: Please change the substituents to names like, bromo(Br), iodo(I), Hydroxy(OH) with short forms in brackets.
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| − | 3. On slide 11: the numbers of the points should be 6 and 7 not 1 and 2
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| − | 4. On Slide 12:summary slide rewrite point 3 and 4 as a single point
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| − | Substitute hydrogen of the benzene ring with fluoro, methyl, nitro and carboxylic acid groups.
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| − | Always use full name of the functional group in your narration.
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| − | {| style="border-spacing:0;"
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| − | ! <center>Visual Cue</center>
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| − | ! <center>Narration</center>
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide Number 1'''
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| − | '''Title Slide'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Hello everyone.
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| − | Welcome to this tutorial on '''Aromatic Molecular Structures '''in '''GChemPaint.'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide Number 2'''
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| − | '''Learning Objectives'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn to,
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| − | # Convert Cyclohexane to Cyclohexene
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| − | # Convert Cyclohexene to Benzene
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| − | # Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with other atoms
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| − | # Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with group of atoms
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| − | # Merge two molecules
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide Number 3'''
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| − | '''System Requirement'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here I am using.
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| − | '''Ubuntu Linux '''OS version 12.04.
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| − | '''GChemPaint v'''ersion 0.12.10.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide Number 4'''
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| − | '''Pre-requisites'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with.
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| − | '''GChemPaint''' chemical structure editor.
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| − | If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Switch to GChemPaint application.'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I have opened a new''' GChemPaint''' application.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's first add a six membered cycle to the''' Display area.'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add a six membered cycle''' tool>>Click on '''Display area.'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add a six membered cycle''' tool.
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| − | Click on the '''Display area.'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add a bond or change the multiplicy of the existing one''' tool>>Add two bonds on every corner of the cycle.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one''' tool.
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| − | Add two bonds on every corner of the cycle.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click and drag the bonds to proper position.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Position the bonds in such a way that no two bonds touch each other.
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| − | To do so, click and drag the bonds to proper position.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Point to the corners.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's display carbon atoms at all the corners of the cycle.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Right click on any one of the corner>>A submenu appears
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Right click on any one of the corner,
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| − | A submenu appears.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Select '''Atom''' >>click on '''Display symbol.'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Select '''Atom''' and then click on '''Display symbol.'''
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| − | Likewise add''' Carbon''' atoms on all corners of the cycle.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Press capital H on the keyboard.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To add Hydrogen atoms to the bonds,
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| − | Press H on the keyboard.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add or modify an atom''' tool>>Click on all the bond positions.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add or modify an atom''' tool.
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| − | Click on all the bond positions.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Point to the Hydogen atoms.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Again, see to it that no two Hydrogens overlap each other.
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| − | The obtained structure is Cyclohexane(C6H12).
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's copy and paste the structure.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Press CTRL+A to select the structure >>Press CTRL+C to copy>>Press CTRL+V and paste
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press CTRL+A to select the structure.
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| − | CTRL+C to copy and CTRL+V to paste the structure.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Point to the structure.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's convert the second '''Cyclohexane''' structure to '''Cyclohexene'''.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on the '''Eraser''' tool >> delete one of the hydrogen bonds of the adjacent carbon atoms.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on the '''Eraser''' tool.
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| − | Delete one hydrogen bond from each of the adjacent carbon atoms.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one''' tool>>click the bond between deleted hydrogen bonds.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one''' tool.
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| − | Then click on the bond between deleted hydrogen bonds.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Point to the structure.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| A double bond is formed.
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| − | The obtained structure is '''Cyclohexene(C6H10)'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's convert '''Cyclohexene''' to '''Cyclohexadiene '''and then to '''Benzene.'''
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| − | #
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| − | Ensure that Current element is '''Carbon.'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on the '''Eraser''' tool >> delete one of the hydrogen bonds of the adjacent carbon atoms.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on the '''Eraser''' tool.
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| − | Delete one hydrogen bond from each of the adjacent carbon atoms.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one''' tool
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one''' tool.
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| − | Then click on the bond between deleted hydrogen bonds.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Point to the bond.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| A second double bond is formed.
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| − | The obtained structure is '''Cyclohexadiene(C6H8)'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Likewise let's repeat the process to form the third double bond.
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| − | The obtained structure is''' Benzene(C6H6)'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide Number 5'''
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| − | Assignment
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here is an assignment.
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| − | Draw the structures of: 1.'''Cyclobutane''' and convert to '''Cyclobutadiene '''
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| − | 2.'''Cyclopentane '''and''' '''convert to '''Cyclopentadiene'''.
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| − | Your completed assignment should look like this.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Next let's learn about''' Benzene derivatives.'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide Number 6'''
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| − | '''Benzene Derivatives'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Functional groups '''can substitute hydrogens in Benzene to derive various chemical compounds.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide Number 7'''
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| − | '''Functional groups'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Hydrogen on the Benzene ring can be
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| − | substituted by -
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| − | Halogen atoms such as
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| − | fluoro(F ), chloro(Cl), bromo(Br ) and iodo(I )
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| − | Functional groups such as
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| − | methyl(CH3), nitro(NO2), hydroxy(OH) and others
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's copy and paste the '''Benzene''' structure twice on the '''Display area.'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Select one or more objects''' tool >>select Benzene structure.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Select one or more objects''' tool to select '''Benzene''' structure.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Press CTRL+C to copy >> Press CTRL+V twice to paste.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press CTRL+C to copy and CTRL+V twice to paste the structures.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's Substitute '''Hydrogen''' atom of the first '''Benzene''' structure with a Fluorine('''F) '''atom'''.'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Press F on the keyboard.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press''' F''' on the keyboard.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add or modify an atom '''tool>>Click on Hydrogen to Substitute it with F.
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| − | Point to the structure.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add or modify an atom '''tool.
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| − | Click on '''Hydrogen''' to Substitute it with Fluorine('''F).'''
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| − | The structure obtained is '''Fluorobenzene (C6H5F)'''
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| − | |-
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Next let's Substitute hydrogen of the second '''Benzene''' with a group of atoms.
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| − |
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add or modify a group of atoms''' tool>>Click on the Hydrogen atom.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add or modify a group of atoms''' tool.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Click on any one of the Hydrogen atoms.
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| − |
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| − | |-
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Point to enclosed Hydrogen.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Observe that '''Hydrogen''' is enclosed in a green box with a blinking cursor.
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| − |
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| − | |-
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Remove '''Hydrogen''' and type capital CH and 3.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's substitute Hydrogen with a Methyl(CH3) group.
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| − |
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| − | Remove '''Hydrogen''' and type capital CH3.
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| − |
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| − |
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| − | Click anywhere on the '''Display area.'''
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| − |
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| − |
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| − | The obtained structure is '''Methyl benzene.'''
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| − |
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| − | |-
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on the hydrogen of third '''Benzene''' structure.
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Likewise substitute Hydrogen with a Nitro(NO2) group.
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| − |
| |
| − | Click on one of the hydrogens of third '''Benzene''' structure.
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| − |
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| − | |-
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Delete '''Hydrogen '''and type capital NO and 2 in a green box
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Remove '''Hydrogen '''and type capital NO 2.
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| − |
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| − | The obtained structure is '''Nitrobenzene.'''
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| − |
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| − | |-
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's now see '''Carbon''' positions in the '''Benzene''' ring.
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| − |
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| − | |-
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide Number 7 '''
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| − |
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| − | '''Benzene Ring Positions'''
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Six '''Carbon''' atoms are numbered from 1 to 6 in '''Benzene'''.
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| − |
| |
| − | All six positions are equivalent before '''Hydrogen''' is substituted.
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| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide Number 8
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| − |
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| − | Electron Density
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Electron density of the ring changes, when Hydrogen is substituted by a '''functional group'''.
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| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Electron density is dependent on the substituent.
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| − |
| |
| − | |-
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide Number 9
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| − |
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| − | Carbon Positions
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| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| A mono-substituted compound of '''Benzene '''can be substituted at positions-
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 1 & 4- as '''Para.'''
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| − |
| |
| − | 2 & 6- as '''Ortho.'''
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| − |
| |
| − | 3 & 5- as '''Meta.'''
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's now substitute '''Methylbenzene''' structure with another '''Methyl group. '''
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add or modify a group of atoms''' tool>>Click on the Hydrogen atom.
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add or modify a group of atoms''' tool.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Click on the second Hydrogen position of the ring.
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Type CH3 in the green box
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Substitute Hydrogen in the green box with capital CH 3 methyl.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The new structure obtained is '''ortho-Xylene.'''
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's substitute''' Nitrobenzene''' with a '''Carboxylic(COOH''') group.
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| − |
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add or modify a group of atoms''' tool>>Click on the Hydrogen atom.
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add or modify a group of atoms''' tool.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Click on the fourth Hydrogen position of the ring.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Substitute the Hydrogen in the green box with COOH
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Substitute Hydrogen in the green box with COOH Carboxylic acid group.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The new structure obtained is para-Nitrobenzoic acid.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Press CTRL+Z
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press CTRL+Z to undo the process.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Substitute third Hydrogen position of Nitrobenzene with a nitro(NO2) group.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The new structure obtained is meta-Dinitrobenzene.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide Number 9
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Assignment
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here is an assignment.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Draw seven Benzene structures.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Substitute one of the Hydrogens of:
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 1)first Benzene with bromo(Br).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2)second Benzene with iodo(I).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 3)third Benzene with hydroxy(OH).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 4)fourth Benzene with amino(NH<sub>2</sub>)group.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 5)fifth Benzene with ethyl(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>.</sub>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide Number 10
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Assignment
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Also Substitute:
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 1)two of the hydrogens of the sixth Benzene with chlorine(Cl) atoms.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2)1 and 4 Hydrogen positions of the seventh Benzene with a carboxylic(COOH) group.
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Your completed assignment should look like this.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let's learn to merge two structures.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's open a new window.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Ensure that current element is Carbon.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on the '''Add a four membered cycle''' tool>>Click on the''' Display area.'''
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add a four membered cycle''' tool.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Click on the '''Display area '''twice.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Select one or more objects''' tool.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Click on the second structure.
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Select one or more objects''' tool.
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Click on the second structure.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Drag the structure and place it close to the first structure>>Press '''CTRL+A''' to select structures.
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Drag it and place it close to the first structure such that they touch each other.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Press '''CTRL+A '''to select the structures.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Point to the tool
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Merge two molecules''' tool becomes active.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on Merge two molecules tool to merge the molecules.
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Merge two molecules''' tool to merge the molecules.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Drag the structure to observe merging.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <nowiki><pause></nowiki>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's summarize what we have learnt.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide Number 11'''
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Summary
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In this tutorial we have learnt to,
| |
| − |
| |
| − | # Convert Cyclohexane to Cyclohexene
| |
| − | # Convert Cyclohexene to Benzene
| |
| − | # Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with F
| |
| − | # Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with CH_3, NO_2 and COOH groups.
| |
| − | # Merge two four membered cycles
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide Number 12'''
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Assignment
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here is an assignment
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Merge
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Two Benzene molecules
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Two Pentane structures
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Cyclopentane and Cyclohexane molecules.
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Your completed assignment should look like this.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide Number 13'''
| |
| − |
| |
| − | '''Acknowledgement '''
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Watch the video available at this URL.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | [http://spoken-tutorial.org/What http://spoken-tutorial.org/What]_is_a_Spoken_ Tutorial
| |
| − |
| |
| − | It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project
| |
| − |
| |
| − | If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide Number 14'''
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team:
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Gives certificates to those who pass an on-line test
| |
| − |
| |
| − | For more details, please write to
| |
| − |
| |
| − | '''contact@spoken-tutorial.org '''
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide number 15'''
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
| |
| − |
| |
| − | It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
| |
| − |
| |
| − | More information on this Mission is available at this link [http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro]]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| |
| − | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This is Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining.
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| − |
| |
| − | |}
| |
