Difference between revisions of "Python-for-Automation/C2/File-Management/English"

Welcome

Learning Objectives

• How to manage files using Python.
• List the type of files in a directory.
• Error and exception handling.

System Requirements

• Ubuntu Linux OS 22.04
• Python 3.12.3

• Ubuntu Linux os version 22.04
• Python version 3.12.3

Prerequisite https://spoken-tutorial.org

• You must have basic knowledge of using Linux Terminal and Python.
• For pre-requisite Linux and Python Tutorials, please visit this website.
• Python libraries required for automation must be installed.

Code files

• The files used in this tutorial are provided in the Code files link.
• Please download and extract the files.
• Make a copy and then use them while practicing.

File Management

• For seamless organization of files.
• To ensure efficient storage and retrieval.
• To facilitate smooth automated workflows.

• shutil: It offers high-level operations on files and collections of files.

• os: It provides functions for interacting with the operating system.

Sample_files.png

As you can see, this folder is disorganized with various files.

It is quite hard to search a file if your folder is unorganized.

Organized_files.png

The files are sorted into folders by their extensions.

Let us open the file in the text editor.

import os

import shutil

def print_unique_extensions(directory):

This function prints all unique file extensions in a given directory.

print(f"Error: Directory '{directory}' not found.")

return

If not, we print the directory not found and exit the function.

try:

extensions = set()

for root, _, files in os.walk(directory):

Here,

The root is the current directory path.

The underscore represents the list of directories.

Since it is not used in the os.walk function, let us keep it as underscore(_).

The os.walk function generates file names in a directory tree.

for file in files:

extensions.add(os.path.splitext(file)[1])

print("Unique file extensions:", extensions)

We use the extensions.add function to add the extension to the set.

Then we print all the extensions.

except Exception as e:

print(f"Error listing files: {e}")

def organize_files_by_extension(directory):

This function organizes files by their extensions within the parent directories.

try: for root, _, files in os.walk(directory):

The os.walk is used to traverse the directory tree.

for file in files:

file_path = os.path.join(root, file)

Then using os.path.join we construct the full file path.

To do this we use the function os.path.isfile.

if extension:

target_dir = os.path.join(directory, extension[1:])

if target_dir not in extension_dirs: os.makedirs(target_dir, exist_ok=True)

If not, we create it using the os.makedirs function.

except Exception as e:

print(f"Error organizing files: {e}")

directory_path = input("Enter the directory path to organize: ")

The directory_path holds the path to the directory you want to organize.

organize_files_by_extension(directory_path)

Then press enter.

Type source space Automation forward slash bin forward slash activate.

Then press enter.

Press Enter.

Type python3 space File underscore Management dot py

Press Enter.

>Type /home/dhaarani/Downloads/Sample

Type the location of your folder as shown here.

Unique file extensions: {'.mov', '.txt', '.pdf', '.mp4', '.doc', '.csv', '.ppt', '.png', '.webm', '.mp3', '.Identifier'}

The Files are organized Successfully.

We can see that files are organized in directories based on their extensions.

The files inside the sub folder are also now organized.

Press Enter.

>Type test

The try - except block in the source code will catch these errors.

Summary

Let us summarize.

In this tutorial, we have learnt about

• How to manage files using Python.
• List the type of files in a directory.
• Error and exception handling.

Assignment

• Organize files based on extension.
• Print the number of directories created.
• Print the number of files in each directory.

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Acknowledgement

Thank You

Thanks for joining.