Difference between revisions of "Construction-of-Low-Cost-Houses/C2/Building-Wall-Foundation-using-Bricks/English"
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230 mm x 110 mm x 70 mm | 230 mm x 110 mm x 70 mm | ||
− | 230 mm | + | 230 mm x 110 mm x 30 mm |
Modular bricks: size | Modular bricks: size | ||
Line 133: | Line 133: | ||
Brick should have a perfectly rectangular shape with sharp edges. | Brick should have a perfectly rectangular shape with sharp edges. | ||
− | These bricks are good for foundation, load bearing and external walls. | + | These bricks are good for foundation, load bearing walls and external walls. |
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− | || Slide Number 5 | + | || '''Slide Number 5''' |
− | Simple | + | Simple Field tests on Bricks |
|| Simple field tests on bricks. | || Simple field tests on bricks. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Water absorption test | ||
+ | |||
+ | It determines the percentage of water absorbed by a brick when soaked in water. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Let’s see the procedure of the test according to IS code: 3495-Part 2 | ||
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|| 18. Weighing brick | || 18. Weighing brick | ||
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100 (W2-W1)/W1” | 100 (W2-W1)/W1” | ||
− | || | + | || Weigh a completely dry brick, let its weight be W1. |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | Weigh a completely dry brick, let its weight be W1. | + | |
Immerse the brick in water for 24 hours. | Immerse the brick in water for 24 hours. | ||
Line 209: | Line 209: | ||
The formula to calculate water absorption is: | The formula to calculate water absorption is: | ||
− | 100 (W2-W1)/W1. | + | 100(W2-W1)/W1. |
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'''Permissible Water Absorption of Bricks''' | '''Permissible Water Absorption of Bricks''' | ||
− | || Maximum water absorption for bricks of class 12.5 and below is 20 | + | || Maximum water absorption for bricks of class 12.5 and below is 20 percentage. |
− | Maximum water absorption for bricks above class 12.5 is 15 | + | Maximum water absorption for bricks above class 12.5 is 15 percentage. |
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− | These provisions are according to | + | These provisions are according to '''IS code: 1077'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 13. Brickfall a | || 13. Brickfall a | ||
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− | Drop a brick flat on a hard surface from 1 | + | Drop a brick flat on a hard surface from 1 metre height. |
A good brick will not break. | A good brick will not break. | ||
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14a. Scratch brick mp4 | 14a. Scratch brick mp4 | ||
− | || Hardness | + | || Hardness Test |
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|| Let’s discuss foundation design and preparatory work for construction of a wall. | || Let’s discuss foundation design and preparatory work for construction of a wall. | ||
− | Design wall foundation details given below are according to '''IS code | + | Design wall foundation details given below are according to '''IS code 1080''' |
|- | |- | ||
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20. Brick work in steps | 20. Brick work in steps | ||
− | || Base course of brick work for footing B= W+300 in millimeter. | + | || Base course of brick work for footing B = W + 300 in millimeter. |
Where W is the width of the wall above the plinth. | Where W is the width of the wall above the plinth. | ||
Line 291: | Line 291: | ||
Minimum width of offset is 75 mm. | Minimum width of offset is 75 mm. | ||
− | Maximum ratio of step thickness and offset should be 2 | + | Maximum ratio of step thickness and offset should be 2. |
Brick work for foundation should start after curing the base concrete. | Brick work for foundation should start after curing the base concrete. | ||
− | Base concrete curing should be a minimum of 3 days . | + | Base concrete curing should be a minimum of 3 days. |
|- | |- | ||
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|| Minimum foundation width, using conventional bricks: | || Minimum foundation width, using conventional bricks: | ||
− | * B = 230+300 = | + | * B = 230+300 = 530 mm thick |
Where 230 mm is the length of conventional bricks. | Where 230 mm is the length of conventional bricks. | ||
− | Minimum foundation width,using modular bricks: | + | Minimum foundation width, using modular bricks: |
− | * B =190+ 300 = | + | * B =190 + 300 = 490 mm thick |
Where 190 mm is the length of modular brick. | Where 190 mm is the length of modular brick. | ||
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Mix proportioning of cement mortar | Mix proportioning of cement mortar | ||
+ | ||Mix proportioning of cement mortar | ||
Cement mortar mixture 1:3 is used for laying the brick wall foundation. | Cement mortar mixture 1:3 is used for laying the brick wall foundation. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || | ||
21. Cement bag | 21. Cement bag | ||
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32. Good mortar mix | 32. Good mortar mix | ||
− | || | + | || 1 bag of cement, 3 boxes of sand and 15 litres of water. |
− | + | The materials are mixed together in a GI tray. | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
Add more water if needed to make the mortar homogeneous and workable. | Add more water if needed to make the mortar homogeneous and workable. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | || Slide number 10 | + | || '''Slide number 10''' |
+ | |||
+ | Construction Procedure | ||
+ | |||
+ | ||Construction procedure for laying of bricks. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | All provisions mentioned are according to '''IS code 2212''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
− | 23. Workplace bricks | + | || 23. Workplace bricks |
24. Lines and pins | 24. Lines and pins | ||
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29. Brick wall with proper joint | 29. Brick wall with proper joint | ||
− | || | + | || Remove the soaked bricks from the soaking tank and store near the workplace. |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | Remove the soaked bricks from the soaking tank and store near the workplace. | + | |
Fix foundation wall alignment using lines and pins. | Fix foundation wall alignment using lines and pins. | ||
− | Foundation masonry should start simultaneously from both ends of the wall. | + | Foundation masonry should start simultaneously from both the ends of the wall. |
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Do not spread mortar on a full wall at a time. | Do not spread mortar on a full wall at a time. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Provide 10 mm thick vertical joints. | Provide 10 mm thick vertical joints. | ||
Line 385: | Line 385: | ||
Joints should be symmetrically staggered in subsequent layers. | Joints should be symmetrically staggered in subsequent layers. | ||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| Write on the image as curing | || Write on the image as curing | ||
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− | Curing must be done by sprinkling water or by covering it with | + | Curing must be done by sprinkling water or by covering it with hessian cloth. |
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− | Mortar must be fresh,workable and homogeneous. | + | Mortar must be fresh, workable and homogeneous. |
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Steps to build a wall foundation using burnt clay bricks. | Steps to build a wall foundation using burnt clay bricks. | ||
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'''About Spoken Tutorial project ''' | '''About Spoken Tutorial project ''' | ||
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− | |||
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. | || The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. | ||
Please download and watch it. | Please download and watch it. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
Line 481: | Line 474: | ||
'''Forum for specific questions''' | '''Forum for specific questions''' | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|| Please post your timed queries in this | || Please post your timed queries in this |
Revision as of 17:05, 13 March 2024
Title of the Script: Building wall foundation using bricks
Authors: Dr. Narsingh Varma, Chitra Devi and Madhuri Ganapathi
Keywords: bricks, conventional bricks, modular bricks, water, cement, sand, mortar, video tutorial.
Visual Cue | Narration |
Slide Number 1
Title Slide |
Welcome to this Spoken Tutorial on Building wall foundation using bricks. |
Slide Number 2
Learning Objectives |
In this tutorial we will learn about,
|
Slide Number 3
Pre-requisites https://spoken-tutorial.org |
To practise this tutorial, learners should be familiar with basic construction methods.
|
1a.brick mortar and cement
1.Good quality bricks 2.Cement 3.Sand 4.Water 5.mortar 6a. Mortar mixed on concrete floor |
Materials required to build a wall foundation are
|
Slide number 4
Types and characteristics of Bricks |
Selecting bricks is an important criteria for brick wall foundation.
Let us now see about the types and characteristics of bricks .
|
7.Conventional bricks
7a.Conventional bricks2 8.Modular brick 8a.Modular brick 2 |
Classification of burnt clay bricks based on the size
Conventional bricks: size 230 mm x 110 mm x 70 mm 230 mm x 110 mm x 30 mm Modular bricks: size 190 mm x 90 mm x 90 mm 190 mm x 90 mm x 40 mm. |
9.classification of bricks image | Based on compressive strength bricks are classified into different classes.
Brick Class designation is shown in this table. |
10.well burnt bricks
11.brick struck 11.brick struck.mp4
15. load bearing walls 15a. load bearing walls
|
Characteristics of good quality well Burnt Clay Bricks
They should give a clear metallic sound when two bricks are struck together. They should have uniform colour, and good texture.
These bricks are good for foundation, load bearing walls and external walls. |
Under Burnt Clay Bricks
|
Under burnt clay bricks are dull in colour compared to well burnt bricks.
They have low strength and high water absorption capacity. |
Over Burnt Clay Bricks
|
Over burnt clay bricks
|
Slide Number 5
Simple Field tests on Bricks |
Simple field tests on bricks.
Water absorption test It determines the percentage of water absorbed by a brick when soaked in water.
|
18. Weighing brick
18b. Soaking of bricks 18c. Bricks in water 18d. Wipe with cloth 18. Weighing brick
100 (W2-W1)/W1” |
Weigh a completely dry brick, let its weight be W1.
Immerse the brick in water for 24 hours. Take the brick out of water.
Weigh the brick within 3 minutes of removal from water.
The formula to calculate water absorption is: 100(W2-W1)/W1. |
Slide number 6 +7
Permissible Water Absorption of Bricks |
Maximum water absorption for bricks of class 12.5 and below is 20 percentage.
|
13. Brickfall a
13. Brick fall b 13. Brick wall a- potrait 13. Brick wall b- potrait |
Strength Test
A good brick will not break.
|
Scratch surface of brick with nail.
|
Hardness Test
Scratch impressions will not be formed on the surface of a good brick. |
Slide number 8
Foundation design |
Let’s discuss foundation design and preparatory work for construction of a wall.
Design wall foundation details given below are according to IS code 1080 |
19a. Width of wall foundation
19b. Width of wall foundation 19c. Width of wall foundation 19d. Width of wall foundation 20. Brick work in steps |
Base course of brick work for footing B = W + 300 in millimeter.
Where W is the width of the wall above the plinth. Foundation masonry is done in steps. Minimum thickness at the end is 150 mm. Minimum width of offset is 75 mm. Maximum ratio of step thickness and offset should be 2. Brick work for foundation should start after curing the base concrete.
|
7. Conventional brick
|
Minimum foundation width, using conventional bricks:
Where 230 mm is the length of conventional bricks. Minimum foundation width, using modular bricks:
Where 190 mm is the length of modular brick. |
Slides Number 9
Mix proportioning of cement mortar |
Mix proportioning of cement mortar
Cement mortar mixture 1:3 is used for laying the brick wall foundation. |
21. Cement bag 21a. 3 box of sand 21b. Water 21c. Cement water in GI tray 32. Good mortar mix |
1 bag of cement, 3 boxes of sand and 15 litres of water.
The materials are mixed together in a GI tray. Add more water if needed to make the mortar homogeneous and workable. A good homogeneous mix will have all sand grains coated with cement. |
Slide number 10
Construction Procedure |
Construction procedure for laying of bricks.
|
23. Workplace bricks
24. Lines and pins 24a. Lines and pi
29. Brick wall with proper joint |
Remove the soaked bricks from the soaking tank and store near the workplace.
Foundation masonry should start simultaneously from both the ends of the wall.
Joints should be symmetrically staggered in subsequent layers. |
Write on the image as curing
30a.Curing of bricks |
Curing
|
31. Surface dry bricks
32a. Headpan with mortar mix 28. Brick wall with plinth
30. Curing 30a. Curing of bricks |
Quality control
Mixed cement sand mortar must be consumed before any work break.
|
With this we come to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarise. | |
Slide Number 11
Summary |
In this tutorial we have learnt about,
Materials used to build a wall foundation. Classification of bricks. Field Test on bricks. Steps to build a wall foundation using burnt clay bricks. |
Slide Number 12
About Spoken Tutorial project |
The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
Please download and watch it. |
Slide Number 13
Spoken Tutorial workshops |
The Spoken Tutorial Project team:
conducts workshops and gives certificates. For more details, please write to us. |
Slide Number 14
Forum for specific questions |
Please post your timed queries in this
forum. |
Slide Number 15
Acknowledgement |
The Spoken Tutorial Project was established by the Ministry of Education, Government of India.
|
Slide Number 16
Thank you |
This tutorial is contributed by Dr. Narsingh Varma,Chitra Devi and Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay
|