Difference between revisions of "PhET-Simulations-for-Physics/C3/Balloons-and-Buoyancy/English"
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Author: Anandajith TS | Author: Anandajith TS | ||
− | Keywords: Phet simulation, Buoyancy, helium, pressure, temperature, volume, kinetic energy, gravity, particles, hot air balloon, video tutorial. | + | Keywords: Phet simulation, Buoyancy, helium, pressure, temperature, volume, kinetic energy, gravity, particles, hot air balloon, spoken tutorial, video tutorial. |
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|- | |- | ||
|| Point to the simulation interface. | || Point to the simulation interface. | ||
− | ||This is the interface of | + | ||This is the interface of '''Balloons and Buoyancy''' simulation. |
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|- | |- | ||
|| Only Narration | || Only Narration | ||
− | ||Let us demonstrate buoyancy using the '''Hot air balloon | + | ||Let us demonstrate buoyancy using the '''Hot air balloon'''. |
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− | As they move observe the changes in | + | As they move observe the changes in temperature and pressure. |
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− | Weight of the balloon and gas inside it is less than the volume of gas around it. | + | Weight of the balloon and gas inside it is less than the volume of the gas around it. |
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− | Let’s go to the '''Constant Parameter''' and click the '''Pressure '''option. | + | Let’s go to the '''Constant Parameter''' and click the '''Pressure ''' option. |
We see that the volume keeps changing to keep the pressure constant. | We see that the volume keeps changing to keep the pressure constant. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|| Only narration | || Only narration | ||
− | ||Let us demonstrate buoyancy using the '''Rigid Hollow Sphere | + | ||Let us demonstrate buoyancy using the '''Rigid Hollow Sphere'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|| Point to the '''Pump''' | || Point to the '''Pump''' | ||
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− | Type '''200''' and press | + | Type '''200''' and press '''Enter'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|| Point to '''Rigid Hollow Sphere ''' | || Point to '''Rigid Hollow Sphere ''' | ||
− | ||We see that 200 '''heavy species particles '''are added inside the sphere. | + | ||We see that 200 '''heavy species particles ''' are added inside the sphere. |
Now the '''Rigid Hollow sphere''' sinks to the bottom of the chamber. | Now the '''Rigid Hollow sphere''' sinks to the bottom of the chamber. | ||
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− | Click and drag the piston of the | + | Click and drag the piston of the pump. |
− | ||Click and drag the piston of the | + | ||Click and drag the piston of the pump up and down. |
This adds '''Heavy species''' gas particles inside the chamber. | This adds '''Heavy species''' gas particles inside the chamber. | ||
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Here the chamber is empty. | Here the chamber is empty. | ||
− | Apart from this, all the controls are | + | Apart from this, all the controls are same as in '''Hot Air Balloon'''. |
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||Click on '''Volume''' option in the constant parameter section on the right panel. | ||Click on '''Volume''' option in the constant parameter section on the right panel. | ||
− | Now go to the''' Gas in chamber''' option on the right side. | + | Now go to the ''' Gas in chamber''' option on the right side. |
Type 100 in the '''Heavy species''' box and press '''Enter'''. | Type 100 in the '''Heavy species''' box and press '''Enter'''. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|| Click the '''Return Lid''' button to close the chamber. | || Click the '''Return Lid''' button to close the chamber. | ||
− | ||Let’s click the '''Return Lid''' button to close the chamber. | + | ||Let’s click on the '''Return Lid''' button to close the chamber. |
|- | |- |
Latest revision as of 15:32, 28 February 2023
Title of script: Balloons and Buoyancy
Author: Anandajith TS
Keywords: Phet simulation, Buoyancy, helium, pressure, temperature, volume, kinetic energy, gravity, particles, hot air balloon, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.
Visual Cue | Narration |
Slide Number 1
Title Slide |
Welcome to the Spoken tutorial on Balloons and Buoyancy. |
Slide Number 2
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In this tutorial we will learn about,
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Slide Number 3
Learning Objectives |
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Slide Number 4
System Requirement |
This tutorial is recorded using,
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Slide Number 4
Pre-requisites |
To follow this tutorial,
Learner should be familiar with topics in basic science.
|
Slide Number 6
Link for PhET simulation
|
Please use the given link to download the PhET simulation. |
Slide Number 7
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In this tutorial we will use the Balloons and Buoyancy PhET simulation. |
Point to the Balloons and Buoyancy simulation in the Downloads folder. | I have already downloaded the simulation to my Downloads folder. |
Right-click on balloons-and-buoyancy_en.jar file.
Select the Open option.
|
To open the simulation, right-click on balloons-and-buoyancy_en.jar file.
Select the Open option.
|
Point to the simulation interface. | This is the interface of Balloons and Buoyancy simulation. |
Point to the top of the interface. | On the top we see that the interface has 4 tabs.
|
Cursor in the interface.
Point to the chamber and lid. |
Let us examine the Hot Air Balloon tab.
In the interface, we have a chamber with a hot air balloon inside it. The chamber is closed with a removable lid on the top. |
Point to the handle on the left side of the chamber
|
On the left side of the chamber there is a handle to change the volume.
|
Point to the Pump on the right side of the chamber.
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On the right side of the chamber a pump is connected.
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Point to the bottom of the pump.
Point to Light Species. |
Below the pump, a Gas in Pump box with Heavy and Light species is given.
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Point to the Thermometer on the top and Pressure gauge on the right side | A thermometer and a pressure gauge are attached to the chamber.
|
Point to the Heat control on the bottom of the chamber | A heat control slider to add or remove heat from the chamber is given at the bottom. |
Point to the right side of the Interface.
|
Right panel has controls to change the parameters of the simulation.
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Click on Measurement Tools
Click the Layer Tool |
Click on the Measurement Tools button.
A box opens with different measuring tools.
|
Click on Advanced Options
Point to Temperature of new particle option |
Now click on the Advanced Options button.
|
Only Narration | Let us demonstrate buoyancy using the Hot air balloon. |
Click and drag the piston of the Pump.
|
Click and drag the piston of the Pump up and down.
This adds Heavy gas particles inside the chamber. |
Point to the thermometer and pressure gauge. | Observe that the gas species move in random directions.
|
Point to the Hot air balloon | We see that the Hot air balloon does not float.
It settles at the bottom of the container. |
Point to the Hot Air Balloon slider on the right side of the interface.
Point to the flame inside the balloon. |
Let’s click and drag the Hot Air Balloon slider upwards.
|
Point to the Hot Air Balloon | We see that the balloon slowly moves to the top of the chamber.
|
Drag the handle to the right. | Let us decrease the volume of the chamber.
We observe that pressure and temperature increase. |
Drag the handle to the right | Drag the handle still further.
|
Point to Return Lid button
Click on the Reset button |
A Return Lid button gets activated.
Click the Return Lid button to bring back the lid to its place.
|
Drag the piston to add Heavy species.
Go to heat control and move the slider upwards and hold the left mouse button. Click on the Return Lid button. |
Let’s increase the temperature of the chamber.
Move the slider upwards and hold the mouse button to add heat. After some time the balloon rises up and the lid again flies off.
|
Drag the piston to add Heavy species.
|
Let’s add Heavy species to the chamber.
We see that the volume keeps changing to keep the pressure constant. |
Go to Gravity control and drag the slider to Lots. | Let’s now increase the gravity of the chamber.
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Drag the slider of Hot Air Balloon control up to add heat.
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Go to the Hot Air Balloon control and add heat to the balloon.
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Click the Measurement Tools option.
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Let’s take a look at the Energy Histogram.
Go to the Measurement Tools. Click on the Energy Histograms option. A pop-up window with the energy histograms for the system appears. |
Point to Kinetic energy histogram
Point to Speed histogram. Close the Particle Statistics window. |
Here only a few particles possess higher kinetic energy and speed.
So as Kinetic energy increases the number of particles with it will be lower. For speed, most particles will have an average speed. Close the Energy Histograms window. |
Click on Rigid Hollow Sphere tab
Point to Gas in Sphere option on the right panel. |
Switch to the Rigid Hollow Sphere tab.
|
Only narration | Let us demonstrate buoyancy using the Rigid Hollow Sphere. |
Point to the Pump
|
Click and drag the piston of the Pump up and down.
This adds Heavy gas particles inside the chamber. |
Point to Rigid Hollow Sphere | We see that the Rigid Hollow Sphere floats to the top of the container. |
Point to Gas in Sphere option
|
Go to the Gas in Sphere option on the right panel.
Click in the Heavy Species box.
|
Point to Rigid Hollow Sphere | We see that 200 heavy species particles are added inside the sphere.
Now the Rigid Hollow sphere sinks to the bottom of the chamber. |
Click on Helium balloon tab
Point to Helium in Balloon option |
Switch to the Helium balloon tab.
Here an additional option, Helium in Balloon is given on the right panel.
|
Only narration | Let us demonstrate buoyancy using the Helium balloon. |
Point to the Pump
|
Click and drag the piston of the pump up and down.
This adds Heavy species gas particles inside the chamber. |
Point to Helium balloon | We see that the Helium balloon remains at the bottom of the container. |
Point to Helium in Balloon option
|
Go to the Helium in Balloon option on the right side.
Click in the Number of atoms box.
|
Point to Helium balloon | We see that 30 helium atoms are added to the balloon.
Now the Helium balloon rises to the top of the container. |
Click on Gas properties | Switch to the Gas properties tab.
Apart from this, all the controls are same as in Hot Air Balloon. |
Only Narration | Let’s demonstrate the relation between the number of particles and pressure. |
Click on Volume
|
Click on Volume option in the constant parameter section on the right panel.
Now go to the Gas in chamber option on the right side. Type 100 in the Heavy species box and press Enter. We see that 100 particles of the Heavy species are added to the chamber. |
Point to pressure gauge | Here the pressure is shown to be about 0.55 atmospheres. |
Point to Gas in chamber
Click and hold the upward arrow on the Heavy species box to increase the particles to 150. |
Now let us increase the number of particles.
|
Point to Pressure gauge | Here we see that pressure has increased.
Observe that pressure increases with the number of particles. |
Only Narration | Let’s demonstrate the relation between pressure and temperature. |
Go to the Heat control
Click and drag the slider upwards to add heat to the chamber. |
Go to the Heat control option at the bottom of the chamber.
|
Point to the Pressure gauge.
|
We can see that the pressure of the chamber increases rapidly.
|
Point to lid | We see that the lid of the chamber blows off. |
Only narration | We can say that the pressure increases with the increase in temperature. |
Click the Return Lid button to close the chamber. | Let’s click on the Return Lid button to close the chamber. |
Point to the Pump
|
Let’s add the heavy species to the chamber again.
This time let us lower the temperature of the chamber. |
Go to the Heat control
|
Click and drag the slider downwards to remove heat from the chamber. |
Point to the Pressure gauge.
|
Pressure decreases to almost 0.01 atmospheres.
We see less movement in the particles. As the temperature decreases the particles seize to move and pressure drops down. |
Only Narration. | With this, we come to the end of this tutorial.
Let us summarize. |
Slide Number 8
Summary |
In this tutorial, we have learnt about,
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Slide Number 9
Summary |
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Slide Number 10
Assignment |
Here is an assignment for you.
Find how the changes in temperature and pressure affect the motion of:
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Slide Number 11
About the Spoken Tutorial Project |
The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
Please download and watch it. |
Slide Number 12
Spoken Tutorial workshops |
The Spoken Tutorial Project team:
conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests. For more details, please write to us. |
Slide Number 13
Forum for specific questions: |
Please post your timed queries in this forum. |
Slide Number 14
Acknowledgement |
The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education, Govt. of India. |
Slide Number 15
|
This is Anandajith TS from IIT Bombay signing off.
Thank you for joining. |