Difference between revisions of "Linux"

Revision as of 12:57, 22 July 2021

Linux is one of the most popular Operating Systems used in today's world. Linux refers to the family of Unix-like computer operating systems using the Linux kernel. Linux can be installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from mobile phones, tablet computers and video game consoles to mainframes and supercomputers.

It is an opensource software and the Linux kernel is released under the GNU General Public License and hence can be freely created, modified and distributed.

Linux is actually just a kernel. Many people have put together distributions (often called flavors), that contain not just the kernel but also many other programming tools and utilities. Some well-known distributions include Red Hat Linux, Ubuntu, SuSE Linux, and Debian GNU/Linux.

The real power of Linux can be tapped by using its wide and powerful storehouse of commands which need to be typed in on the terminal. The reason behind this is the fact that Linux can trace its intellectual heritage, if not its source code, to the Unix OS. Unix was developed much before GUI environments were dreamt of. Thus, Unix (and hence Linux) provides a wide array of flexible text-mode commands.

In this tutorial we would mainly concentrate on how to use the wide variety of commands of Linux to handle files,directories,processes etc. These tutorials are created using Ubuntu version 9.04 and above. Please see the associated text box of individual spoken tutorials on the website to decide the versions of Linux OS to which it is applicable.

The Spoken Tutorial Effort for Linux has been contributed by Mr. Anirban Roy Choudhury. Other contributors who helped in the creation of the scripts and tutorials include Shahid Ali Farooqui, Shambulingayya, Anusha Kadambala, Anuvrat Parashar, Abhijit Sunil, Prashant Shah, Namita Menezes, Balasubramaniam S.N., Gaurav Shinde, Praveen S., Sachin Patil, Ashwini Patil, DesiCrew Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Nancy Varkey

Learners: Anyone who wishes to learn basics of system administration. Absolute must for beginners.

Linux Slide Template (TEX Format)                                                                                                                               Glossary
                                         (PPT Format)
                                         (ODP Format)

Introduction to Linux - Novice

1. Ubuntu desktop    
   • Ubuntu Desktop
   • Main Menu
   • System Tray
   • Trash Bin icon (RHS corner)
   • Desktop icon (LHS corner), pen-drive
2. Synaptic package manager
   • Synaptic Package Manager
   • How to install packages
3. Ubuntu software system
   • Ubuntu-Software-Center
   • Installing softwares through Ubuntu Software Center
4. Basic Commands    
   • Commands with example
   • Command interpreter
   • Shell
   • Using man
   • Apropos
   • Whatis
   • Using --help option
5. General Purpose Utilities in Linux    
   • echo
   • uname
   • who
   • passwd
   • date
   • cal
   • Brief overview on Files and directories
   • pwd
   • ls
   • cat
6. File System    
   • File
   • Directory
   • File Inode
   • Types of Files
   • Home directory and Current directory
   • Change Directory(cd)
   • mkdir,rmdir
7. Working with Regular Files    
   • cat
   • rm
   • cp
   • mv
   • cmp
   • wc
8. File Attributes    
   • chown, chmod, chmod -R, displaying files with ls -l
   • chmod u+, chmod a-w, chmod g+w, chmod -r, chgrp
   • inode, hard link, symbolic link
9. Redirection Pipes    
   • Input,output and error stream
   • Redirection : > and >>
   • Pipes : |
10. Working with Linux Process    
    • Process
    • Shell process
    • Process spawning - parent and child process
    • Process attributes - pid, ppid
    • Init Process
    • User process & System process
    • ps with options
11. The Linux Environment    
    • Environment variable vs Local variables
    • set command
    • env command
    • SHELL, HOME, PATH, LOGNAME, PS1, PS2
    • history
    •  ! and ~
    • alias
12. Basics of System Administration    
    • Root login-su
    • User management - UID, GID, useradd, usermod, userdel
    • Discs – Du, df
13. Simple filters    
    • Head
    • tail
    • sort
    • cut
    • paste

Introduction to Linux - Intermediate

1. The grep command    
   • To see the content of a file
   • To list the entries of a particular stream
   • To ignore cases
   • Lines that do not match the pattern
   • To list the line numbers with the entries
   • To store the result in another file
   • To know the count
2. More on grep command    
   • Search using grep
   • To match more than one pattern
   • To check a word that has different spelling
   • Character class
   • The use of *
   • To match any one character using dot
   • To match a pattern at the beginning of the file
   • To match a pattern at the end of the file
3. The sed command    
   • sed
   • To print using sed
   • Line Addressing
   • Context Addressing
4. More on sed command    
   • substitute
   • insert
   • delete
5. Basics of awk    
   • Awk Preliminaries
   • Selection criteria
   • action
   • Formatted printing - printf
   • Fields and -F option
   • Regular expressions
   • NR - number of records
   • Variables
6. Networking tools    
   • Ping
   • Telnet
   • ftp
   • ssh
   • scp & sftp
7. Linux Process    
   • Fork
   • Exec
   • Wait
   • Nice
   • Kill with options
8. More about Linux Process    
   • Cron, crontab