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Latest revision as of 17:43, 16 October 2019
| Time | Narration |
| 00:00 | Welcome to this tutorial on Tables and Figures. |
| 00:05 | We have two objectives in this tutorial. |
| 00:08 | The first one is to explain how to create tables using the tabular environment; the second objective is to explain how to include tables in latex documents using the table environment. |
| 00:22 | A similar technique can be used to include figures also. |
| 00:27 | We have seen how to create the title page, |
| 00:32 | this one has title, author information, and Creative Commons, copyright information as explained in the tutorial on equations. |
| 00:45 | Today’s date appears in the last column created by this command. |
| 00:51 | Let us go to the second page. |
| 00:58 | I will now explain to you, how to create this table in a step-by-step fashion. |
| 01:05 | Let us start with a clean slate. |
| 01:08 | Let me delete these commands. |
| 01:19 | I will compile this and start with a clean slate. |
| 01:29 | The tabular environment is created using begin tabular and end tabular commands. |
| 01:38 | Let me do that here. |
| 02:03 | The ‘r r’ characters within the braces, next to the begin tabular, say that there are two columns and that they are right aligned. |
| 02:14 | In the first line, the entries are "mango" and "mixed". |
| 02:20 | Two reverse-slashes indicate next line. |
| 02:24 | Let me enter the next line. |
| 02:28 | "Jackfruit". |
| 02:32 | "Kolli hills". |
| 02:37 | "Banana". |
| 02:40 | "Green". |
| 02:42 | Let me end this tabular environment. |
| 02:47 | Let me compile this. |
| 02:51 | And, this has appeared here. |
| 02:56 | We get the 3 by 2 table. There are three rows and 2 columns. |
| 03:02 | The two columns are right aligned as indicated by the 'r r' character. |
| 03:09 | To separate the two columns, we introduce a vertical line between the column alignment characters. |
| 03:20 | So, let me put that vertical line. |
| 03:23 | Save it,Compile it. |
| 03:28 | You see that a vertical line has come. |
| 03:31 | If you want vertical lines at the end also, put them at appropriate places. |
| 03:42 | Let me put them, save them, compile them. |
| 03:48 | So, these have come. |
| 03:50 | As a matter of fact, we can put more vertical lines. |
| 03:54 | Let me put one more vertical line at the beginning. |
| 04:02 | There you are! A second line has come. |
| 04:07 | See there are two vertical lines. |
| 04:11 | We will now try different alignments. |
| 04:15 | Let's put a ‘c’ here to say that the second column should be center aligned. |
| 04:27 | This is center aligned now. |
| 04:30 | Let us make the first column left aligned. |
| 04:34 | Right now, it is right aligned; let me make them left aligned. |
| 04:40 | 'l',Save |
| 04:43 | Compile. |
| 04:46 | Now it is left aligned. |
| 04:50 | We will now separate the rows with horizontal lines as follows. |
| 04:56 | Let's put a h-line here. |
| 05:00 | Let us see what happens when we do that. |
| 05:04 | It puts a top line. |
| 05:07 | If I put another h-line here, |
| 05:16 | see a line has come,So, let me complete this. |
| 05:19 | Let me put h-line. |
| 05:22 | Here I have to put a break line with two reverse slashes and then h-line. |
| 05:30 | H-line begins from the beginning of the sentence. |
| 05:36 | So, now I have completed the horizontal lines. |
| 05:42 | Now, let us add three more columns and one more row. |
| 05:49 | So, what I do is- I come here, and 'c' , 'c', 'r'. |
| 06:01 | So, I have added three more columns, first two of them are center aligned the third one is right aligned. |
| 06:08 | And then here I want to say: |
| 06:15 | "fruit" |
| 06:19 | "type" |
| 06:22 | "number of units" |
| 06:26 | "cost per unit" |
| 06:30 | "cost rupees" |
| 06:38 | h-line. |
| 06:41 | So, "mixed" |
| 06:43 | "20" |
| 06:45 | "75" rupees |
| 06:47 | "1500" rupees. |
| 06:51 | "Jackfruit" |
| 06:54 | "10" of them |
| 06:57 | "50" rupees |
| 06:59 | "500" rupees. |
| 07:01 | "Banana green" |
| 07:05 | "10" dozens |
| 07:07 | "20" rupees a dozen and "200" rupees total. |
| 07:12 | So, let’s see whether we can compile this. |
| 07:20 | So, it has created the table. |
| 07:25 | See the need for right alignment, this is.. so that we can add these numbers. |
| 07:34 | Suppose, that we want to split the columns in two. |
| 07:39 | For example, here these two columns have fruit details and these three have cost calculations. |
| 07:48 | So, this is done with the help of what is known as multi-column command. |
| 07:55 | Let me do it as follows. |
| 07:59 | multi-column |
| 08:04 | take 2 |
| 08:06 | center-aligned |
| 08:10 | Fruit Details. |
| 08:12 | First two are over then I put a tab to indicate the next column. |
| 08:19 | Go to the next line. |
| 08:24 | multi-column, three, also to be center-aligned. |
| 08:29 | Cost within braces – cost calculations |
| 08:37 | slash h-line. |
| 08:44 | So, there you are. |
| 08:46 | The first two have the title "Fruit details", the next three have the title "Cost calculations". |
| 08:52 | I don’t have the vertical lines that’s because I didn’t tell latex to do that. So let’s do that. |
| 08:59 | Here, I want two vertical lines, here I want one vertical line. |
| 09:05 | Before this, I already have the line here, so let me just put this here. |
| 09:11 | See what happens. |
| 09:16 | So, now the vertical lines have also come. |
| 09:24 | Because these 2 and 3 are single character arguments its possible to write them without braces. |
| 09:40 | Okay, same thing works. |
| 09:42 | Sometimes it is necessary to draw horizontal lines between only a few columns. |
| 09:52 | So, we explain this as follows. |
| 09:54 | Let me split this "mango" instead of "mixed", let me call this "Malgoa" |
| 10:05 | and then "18" kilograms |
| 10:13 | "50" kilograms. |
| 10:17 | Let me delete this. |
| 10:23 | okay,And here, let me say that it is "Alfanso" |
| 10:33 | "2" dozens |
| 10:35 | "300" rupees a dozen, and a total of 1500. |
| 10:44 | Let’s see what happens when I save this. Compile this. |
| 10:50 | So, I’ve got this. What happens is, this line comes here and as well as here and I don’t want this and this. So, this is taken care of by saying instead of this horizontal line, I want a 'c' line and between the columns 2 and 4. |
| 11:19 | So, I should have done this here. |
| 11:22 | So let me put this back here. |
| 11:27 | H-line here. |
| 11:30 | c-line 2 to 4. |
| 11:40 | Okay, so now I have the line between columns two and four only. |
| 11:52 | So, this central line has split the mangoes into two of the most popular mangoes in India. |
| 11:58 | We will conclude this example, conclude this table with a last row. |
| 12:04 | Let me total up as follows. |
| 12:11 | multi-column four |
| 12:14 | 2 vertical lines, right-aligned |
| 12:20 | vertical separator |
| 12:24 | Total cost |
| 12:27 | Rupees. |
| 12:32 | Close this. |
| 12:35 | Next tab |
| 12:38 | 2200 |
| 12:42 | h-line. |
| 12:48 | So there you are. |
| 12:50 | So, this was the table that we started with at the beginning of this tutorial. |
| 12:59 | How do we work with the tables created using the tabular environment? |
| 13:04 | Latex treats the entire table created using the tabular environment as a single object. |
| 13:10 | For example- if you write, |
| 13:17 | This is |
| 13:24 | an |
| 13:27 | example |
| 13:39 | "This is an example table". |
| 13:47 | What happens is this table gets sandwiched between these two. "This is an" example to, "example table". |
| 13:56 | This table appears in a running sentence. |
| 14:01 | It is possible to include tables using a centre environment. |
| 14:05 | A more common approach is to include it in the table environment. As we show now. |
| 14:18 | begin |
| 14:21 | table |
| 14:25 | Close this. |
| 14:33 | So, what happens is now ‘this is an example table’. |
| 14:36 | This statement comes separately and whatever that appeared between this ‘begin’ and ‘end’ table have been placed separately as a table. |
| 14:50 | In other words, even though the table appears in between some text, it has been put separately. |
| 14:57 | This is not centered. |
| 14:59 | What I can do is, give a command here called ‘centering’ |
| 15:08 | to place this at the center of the document. |
| 15:17 | Let us now create a caption. |
| 15:20 | Table caption is put before the table. |
| 15:23 | Let me put a caption here. |
| 15:31 | "Caption cost of fruits in India". |
| 15:42 | So, the caption has come. |
| 15:44 | This is too close; I want to leave a small space. |
| 15:47 | Let me do that by giving through this v-space command 1 ex. |
| 15:57 | That is the space equivalent of the ‘x’ character. |
| 16:01 | So, I have left this vertical space. |
| 16:04 | So, now it looks okay. |
| 16:06 | By default, Latex places tables at the top of the page. |
| 16:11 | This placement is done automatically. |
| 16:14 | The table is ‘floated’ to the next available slot. |
| 16:18 | To explain this, let me cut and paste some text from the bottom of this document. |
| 16:25 | Let me delete this. |
| 16:28 | Let me delete this. |
| 16:38 | Alright. |
| 16:43 | Now, there is some write up about these fruits. |
| 16:49 | Go to the top of this. |
| 16:55 | Paste it here. |
| 16:58 | Compile it. |
| 17:01 | So, as before, the table got placed at the top of this page. |
| 17:06 | Let me put some more text here. |
| 17:12 | Four copies. |
| 17:16 | So, now what has happened is- |
| 17:26 | this table has been floated to the second page and |
| 17:31 | there is nothing else here. So, it has been placed at the middle of this page. |
| 17:35 | Let me put one more copy of this, some more text. |
| 17:43 | So, now what has happened is- |
| 17:49 | this is the title page, this is the text page, the table has been floated, it has gone to the top of this page. |
| 18:01 | As in equations, we can also create labels and use them for referencing. |
| 18:06 | For example, |
| 18:12 | you give this command below the caption command. |
| 18:15 | You have to give it below the caption command because it is the caption command that creates the table number. |
| 18:21 | For example, here 'table 1' has been created automatically by this caption command. |
| 18:26 | If you put the label after this, this label will refer to the number created using the caption command. |
| 18:33 | So label |
| 18:40 | fruits. |
| 18:43 | So, let me just go back and say |
| 18:48 | let me add this line here. |
| 18:53 | The cost of these fruits is shown in Table reference, you have to give the label, it should be the same as this. |
| 19:08 | tab fruits |
| 19:12 | Let me compile it. |
| 19:16 | So there it is,On first compilation, this variable is not assigned. |
| 19:22 | So let me re-compile it, so now I have got this. |
| 19:28 | We can create a list of tables automatically |
| 19:33 | as we explain now. |
| 19:37 | After the make title, suppose we want this list of tables - one word, is the command. |
| 19:50 | So what has happened is |
| 19:53 | it has created a list of tables. |
| 19:57 | Typically one would have to compile twice to make sure the table number comes correct. |
| 20:03 | Here it comes, the table according to this list is in page two but we know that it is in page 3. |
| 20:13 | So, this is in page 3. |
| 20:15 | So, let's go back and compile it once more. |
| 20:20 | So there you are, it is in page 3. |
| 20:26 | So this has been explained before. |
| 20:29 | Alright, this comes to the end of this part in which we explained the tables. |
| 20:36 | We will now explain how to create figures using the command called include graphics. |
| 20:48 | So for this, we need to include this package called graphicx. |
| 21:00 | Okay! Suppose I go to the bottom of this, |
| 21:08 | and say, the command is as follows. begin figure |
| 21:14 | include graphics |
| 21:19 | width equals. |
| 21:29 | I have a file called iitb.pdf. |
| 21:36 | There you are. |
| 21:38 | I include it here with the width of this figure coming out to be equal to that of the line width. |
| 21:51 | Let me end this figure. |
| 21:55 | Compile this. |
| 22:01 | There you are. |
| 22:04 | So, it has also been put at the top of this page. |
| 22:09 | Alright! What I will do is, let me just, so this is for if I want to use the entire line width . |
| 22:17 | Suppose I want to use point 5, that is half a line width, |
| 22:26 | then it has been made small. |
| 22:29 | And note that it has been left aligned. |
| 22:32 | As in the table, I can say centering |
| 22:38 | which will center this at the middle. |
| 22:49 | I can also create a caption; figure captions are created after the figure is included. |
| 23:00 | Golden Jubilee logo of IIT Bombay. |
| 23:13 | Okay, as before I can create a label and refer to it using the ref command. |
| 23:28 | I can also make this list of figures appear along with the list of tables. |
| 23:36 | So, suppose I want list of figures also. |
| 23:45 | I will compile it. |
| 23:48 | I will compile it twice. |
| 23:51 | and there it is. List of figures also comes automatically. |
| 23:56 | All the figure captions will appear here. |
| 24:08 | There is one last thing that I want to show you here. |
| 24:11 | That is how to rotate these figures. |
| 24:15 | This is done by the angle option. |
| 24:21 | Suppose, angle... I want to rotate by 90 degrees. |
| 24:25 | So, let's go to this figure. |
| 24:29 | Let’s compile this. |
| 24:32 | So, this has been rotated by 90 degrees. |
| 24:37 | Rotate it by 'minus 90'. |
| 24:42 | Alright. So, this is the way to include the figures. |
| 24:48 | Here, I am assuming that iitb.pdf is available. |
| 24:53 | This brings us to the end of this tutorial. |
| 24:55 | The beginners of latex should compile after every few changes to the source document and make sure that what they have entered is correct. |
| 25:05 | Thank you for listening to this tutorial. |
| 25:07 | This is Kannan Moudgalya, signing off. Good-bye. |
