Difference between revisions of "Python-3.4.3/C2/Embellishing-a-plot/English-timed"

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|-  
 
|-  
 
|00:01
 
|00:01
|Hello Friends. Welcome to the tutorial on "'''Embellishing a Plot'''".  
+
|Hello friends! Welcome to the tutorial on "'''Embellishing a Plot'''".  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|00:06
 
|00:06
|At the end of this tutorial, we will learn to- Modify the attributes of the '''plot''' '''color''', '''line style''', '''linewidth'''.
+
|At the end of this tutorial, we will learn to- modify the attributes of the '''plot''' -color, line style, linewidth,
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|00:16
 
|00:16
| Add a title to the '''plot''' with '''embedded LaTeX'''.
+
| add a title to the '''plot''' with '''embedded LaTeX''',
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|00:20
 
|00:20
| Label '''x '''and '''y axes'''. Add annotations to the '''plot'''.
+
| label '''x '''and '''y axes''', add annotations to the '''plot''',
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|00:26
 
|00:26
| Set and get the '''limits '''of '''axes'''.  
+
| set and get the '''limits '''of '''axes'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|00:30
 
|00:30
|To record this tutorial, I am using '''Ubuntu Linux 14.04''' operating system  
+
|To record this tutorial, I am using:
 +
'''Ubuntu Linux 14.04''' operating system,
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|00:37
 
|00:37
| '''Python 3.4.3''' ,  '''IPython 5.1.0'''  
+
| '''Python 3.4.3''',   
 +
'''IPython 5.1.0'''  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|00:43
 
|00:43
|To practice this tutorial, you should know how to run basic '''Python '''commands on the '''ipython console''' and use the '''Plots''' interactively'''.'''
+
|To practice this tutorial, you should know how to '''run''' basic '''Python command'''s on the '''ipython console''' and use the '''Plots''' interactively.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|01:11
 
|01:11
|Let us initialise the '''pylab package'''  
+
|Let us initialise the '''pylab package'''.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|01:15
 
|01:15
|Type '''percentage pylab '''and press''' Enter.'''  
+
|Type: '''percentage pylab '''and press''' Enter.'''  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|01:21
 
|01:21
|We shall first make a simple '''plot''' and start '''modifying''' it.  
+
|We shall first make a simple '''plot''' and start modifying it.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|01:26
 
|01:26
|Type '''x = linspace''' inside the '''brackets minus 2 comma 4 comma 20 '''and press '''Enter.'''  
+
|Type: '''x = linspace''' inside the brackets''' minus 2 comma 4 comma 20 '''and press '''Enter.'''  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|01:40
 
|01:40
|Then type '''plot''' inside the '''brackets x comma sin(x) '''and press '''Enter.'''  
+
|Then type '''plot''' inside the brackets '''x comma sin(x) '''and press '''Enter.'''  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|02:20
 
|02:20
|Now '''plot''' the same '''sine curve '''with an additional '''color argument'''.  
+
|Now, plot the same '''sine curve '''with an additional '''color argument'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|02:26
 
|02:26
| So we will type '''plot''' inside the '''brackets x comma sin(x) comma''' inside '''inverted commas r '''and press '''Enter.'''  
+
| So, we will type '''plot''' inside the brackets '''x comma sin(x) comma''' inside '''inverted commas r '''and press '''Enter.'''  
 
   
 
   
 
Here, the '''argument 'r' '''is for red color.  
 
Here, the '''argument 'r' '''is for red color.  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|02:50
 
|02:50
|Do not close the '''plot''' '''window''' just minimize it.  
+
|Do not close the '''plot window''', just minimize it.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|03:05
 
|03:05
|So, type '''plot''' inside  '''brackets x comma cos(x) comma linewidth is equals to 2 '''and press '''Enter.'''  
+
|So, type '''plot''' inside  brackets '''x comma cos(x) comma linewidth is equal to 2 '''and press '''Enter.'''  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| 03:31
 
| 03:31
|Here onwards, press the '''Enter''' the key to execute every command that we type on the '''Ipython console'''.  
+
|Here onwards, press the '''Enter''' key to '''execute''' every '''command''' that we type on the '''Ipython console'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|03:39
 
|03:39
|Let us clear the '''plot '''window by typing '''clf(). '''  
+
|Let us first clear the '''plot '''window by typing '''clf(). '''  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|03:44
 
|03:44
|You will again see a blank plot window.  
+
|You will again see a blank '''plot window'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|03:48
 
|03:48
|Now type''' plot''' inside the '''brackets x comma sin(x) comma''' inside '''inverted commas b comma linewidth is equal to 3'''  
+
|Now type''' plot''' inside the brackets '''x comma sin(x) comma''' inside '''inverted commas b comma linewidth is equal to 3'''.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| 04:20
 
| 04:20
|Now type '''plot''' inside the '''brackets x comma sin(x) comma''' inside '''inverted commas dot.'''  
+
|Now type '''plot''' inside the brackets '''x comma sin(x) comma''' inside '''inverted commas dot.'''  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|04:40
 
|04:40
|Type '''plot question mark '''and press '''Enter'''  
+
|Type: '''plot question mark '''and press '''Enter'''.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|04:52
 
|04:52
|'''Plot''' the '''curve''' of '''x verses cos(x)''' in red '''dash line''' and '''linewidth''' 3.  
+
|Plot the '''curve''' of '''x verses cos(x)''' in red '''dash line''' and '''linewidth''' 3.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|05:08
 
|05:08
|Now type '''plot''' inisde '''brackets x comma cos(x) comma''' inside '''inverted commas r hyphen hyphen comma linewidth equals to 3'''  
+
|Now type '''plot''' inside the brackets '''x comma cos(x) comma''' inside '''inverted commas r hyphen hyphen comma linewidth equals to 3'''.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|05:51
 
|05:51
| Now type '''plot''' inside the '''brackets x comma minus x multiplied by x plus 4 multiplied by x minus 5 comma''' inside '''inverted commas r comma linewidth is equal to 2'''  
+
| Now type '''plot''' inside the brackets '''x comma minus x multiplied by x plus 4 multiplied by x minus 5 comma''' inside '''inverted commas r comma linewidth is equal to 2'''.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|06:26
 
|06:26
|To add a title to the '''plot''', use the '''title command'''.  
+
|To add a title to the '''plot''', use the '''title''' command.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|06:31
 
|06:31
| So type '''title''' inside the '''brackets''' inside '''inverted commas Parabolic function minus x square plus 4x minus 5'''  
+
| So, type '''title''' inside the brackets inside '''inverted commas Parabolic function minus x square plus 4x minus 5'''.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|06:48
 
|06:48
|The '''title command''' as you can see, takes a '''string''' as an '''argument.'''  
+
|The '''title''' command, as you can see, takes a '''string''' as an '''argument.'''  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|06:54
 
|06:54
|We can see the''' title''' on the '''plot''' window. But it is not '''formatted''' and does not look clean.  
+
|We can see the''' title''' on the '''plot''' window. But it is not '''format'''ted and does not look clean.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|07:03
 
|07:03
|It would look even more shabby if there were '''fractions''' and '''complex''' '''functions'''.  
+
|It would look even more shabby if there were fractions and '''complex function'''s.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|07:14
 
|07:14
|For '''LaTeX''' format, we put a '''dollar sign '''before and after the '''string'''.  
+
|For '''LaTeX''' format, we put a dollar sign before and after the '''string'''.  
 
   
 
   
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|07:20
 
|07:20
|Type '''title''' inside the '''brackets r''' inside '''inverted commas Parabolic function dollar minus x square plus 4x minus 5 dollar'''  
+
|Type '''title''' inside the brackets''' r''' inside '''inverted commas Parabolic function dollar minus x square plus 4x minus 5 dollar'''.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|07:38
 
|07:38
|Here '''' r '''' means that the '''string''' is to be treated as a '''raw string'''.  
+
|Here, 'r' means that the '''string''' is to be treated as a '''raw string'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|07:49
 
|07:49
|As we can see that the '''polynomial''' in the '''title '''is now '''formatted'''.  
+
|As we can see that the '''polynomial''' in the '''title '''is now formatted.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|08:03
 
|08:03
|So we will '''label x''' and '''y axes''' in '''LaTeX style'''.  
+
|So, we will '''label x''' and '''y axes''' in '''LaTeX style'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|08:09
 
|08:09
|Type '''xlabel''' inside the '''brackets r''' inside '''inverted commas dollar x dollar '''and''' ylabel''' inside '''brackets r''' inside '''inverted commas dollar y dollar '''  
+
|Type '''xlabel''' inside the brackets''' r''' inside '''inverted commas dollar x dollar '''and''' ylabel''' inside brackets '''r''' inside '''inverted commas dollar y dollar '''.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|08:34
 
|08:34
|Now we will name the '''points''' considering '''point(2 comma minus 1)''' as '''local maxima'''.  
+
|Now we will name the points considering '''point(2 comma minus 1)''' as '''local maxima'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|08:42
 
|08:42
| To name a '''point,''' we use the '''function annotate'''.  
+
| To name a point, we use the '''function annotate'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|08:46
 
|08:46
|Type '''annotate''' inside the '''brackets''' inside '''inverted commas local maxima comma xy equals to''' inside '''brackets 2 comma minus 1'''  
+
|Type '''annotate''' inside the brackets inside '''inverted commas local maxima comma xy equals to''' inside brackets '''2 comma minus 1'''.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|09:03
 
|09:03
|We can see the '''local maxima''' at point ''' 2 comma minus 1'''
+
|We can see the '''local maxima''' at point 2 comma minus 1.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|09:09
 
|09:09
|The first '''argument''' in '''annotate command''' is the name of the point.  
+
|The first '''argument''' in '''annotate''' command is the name of the point.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|09:15
 
|09:15
| The second '''argument''' represents the '''coordinates '''of the '''point'''.  
+
| The second '''argument''' represents the '''coordinates '''of the point.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|09:39
 
|09:39
|Then type '''ylim brackets''' '''ylim function''' returns the current '''y-axis limits'''.  
+
|Then type '''ylim brackets'''. '''ylim function''' returns the current '''y-axis limits'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| 09:49
 
| 09:49
| Set the '''limits of x-axis''' from '''minus''' 4 to 5 by typing '''xlim inside the brackets minus 4 comma 5'''  
+
| Set the '''limits''' of x-axis from '''minus 4''' to '''5''' by typing '''xlim inside the brackets minus 4 comma 5'''.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|10:02
 
|10:02
|Similarly, set the '''limits of y-axis''' in a similar manner.  
+
|Similarly, set the '''limits''' of y-axis in a similar manner.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|10:07
 
|10:07
|Type '''ylim''' inside the '''brackets minus 15 comma 2.'''  
+
|Type '''ylim''' inside the brackets '''minus 15 comma 2.'''  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|10:24
 
|10:24
| Make an '''annotation''' called "'''root'''" at the '''point (minus 4 comma 0)'''.  
+
| Make an '''annotation''' called "'''root'''" at the point '''(minus 4 comma 0)'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|10:39
 
|10:39
|Type '''annotate''' inside the '''brackets''' inside '''inverted commas root comma xy is equal to ''' minus 4 comma 0'''  
+
|Type '''annotate''' inside the brackets inside '''inverted commas root comma xy is equal to minus 4 comma 0'''.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|10:53
 
|10:53
|Every '''annotate command''' makes a new '''annotation''' on the figure.  
+
|Every '''annotate''' command makes a new annotation on the figure.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|10:59
 
|10:59
|This brings us to the end of this '''tutorial'''. In this '''tutorial''', we have learnt to,
+
|This brings us to the end of this tutorial. In this tutorial, we have learnt to:
  
Modify the '''attributes''' of a '''plot''' like '''color, line width, line style''' by passing additional '''arguments'''.
+
modify the '''attributes''' of a '''plot''' like '''color, line width, line style''' by passing additional '''arguments''',
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|11:16
 
|11:16
| Add '''title '''to a '''plot''' using ''''title command'''.
+
| add '''title '''to a plot using ''''title''' command,
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|11:20
 
|11:20
| Incorporate '''LaTeX style formatting''' by adding a $ sign before and after the '''string'''.
+
| incorporate '''LaTeX''' style formatting by adding a $ sign before and after the '''string''',
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|11:28
 
|11:28
| Label '''x''' and '''y axes''' using '''xlabel()''' and '''ylabel() commands'''.
+
| label '''x''' and '''y axes''' using '''xlabel()''' and '''ylabel()''' commands,
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|11:34
 
|11:34
| Add '''annotations''' to a plot using '''annotate() command'''.
+
| add annotations to a plot using '''annotate()''' command,
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|11:39
 
|11:39
| Get and set the '''limits of axes''' using '''xlim()''' and '''ylim() commands. '''  
+
| get and set the '''limits''' of axes using '''xlim()''' and '''ylim()''' commands. 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|11:51
 
|11:51
| Draw a '''plot''' of '''cosine graph''' between '''minus''' '''2pi to 2pi''' with line thickness 4.  
+
| Draw a '''plot''' of '''cosine graph''' between '''minus 2pi''' to '''2pi''' with line thickness 4.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|12:00
 
|12:00
| Read the documentation and find out, is there a way to modify the '''alignment''' of text in the '''command ylabel'''.  
+
| Read the documentation and find out, is there a way to modify the alignment of text in the command '''ylabel'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|12:09
 
|12:09
|And the answers are, In order to '''plot''' a '''cosine graph''' between the points '''minus '''2pi and 2pi with line thickness 4, we use the '''linspace''' and''' plot''' '''command '''as,
+
|And the answers are-
 +
In order to plot a '''cosine graph''' between the points '''minus 2pi''' and '''2pi''' with line thickness 4, we use the '''linspace''' and''' plot''' command as-
 
   
 
   
 
'''x equals to linspace inside the brackets minus 2pi comma 2pi.'''  
 
'''x equals to linspace inside the brackets minus 2pi comma 2pi.'''  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|12:38
 
|12:38
|The answer to the second question is:  No. We do not have an option to modify the '''alignment '''of text in the '''command''' '''ylabel'''.  
+
|The answer to the second question is:   
 +
No. We do not have an option to modify the alignment of text in the command '''ylabel'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|13:27
 
|13:27
|The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India  
+
|The '''Spoken Tutorial''' project is funded by '''NMEICT, MHRD,''' Govt. of India.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|13:34
 
|13:34
|This is Usha from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for watching  
+
|This is Usha from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off. Thanks for watching.
  
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 13:36, 12 June 2019

Time
Narration
00:01 Hello friends! Welcome to the tutorial on "Embellishing a Plot".
00:06 At the end of this tutorial, we will learn to- modify the attributes of the plot -color, line style, linewidth,
00:16 add a title to the plot with embedded LaTeX,
00:20 label x and y axes, add annotations to the plot,
00:26 set and get the limits of axes.
00:30 To record this tutorial, I am using:

Ubuntu Linux 14.04 operating system,

00:37 Python 3.4.3,

IPython 5.1.0

00:43 To practice this tutorial, you should know how to run basic Python commands on the ipython console and use the Plots interactively.
00:54 If not, see the pre-requisite Python tutorials on this website.
00:59 Let us start ipython3.

Open the terminal.

01:05 Type ipython3 and press Enter.
01:11 Let us initialise the pylab package.
01:15 Type: percentage pylab and press Enter.
01:21 We shall first make a simple plot and start modifying it.
01:26 Type: x = linspace inside the brackets minus 2 comma 4 comma 20 and press Enter.
01:40 Then type plot inside the brackets x comma sin(x) and press Enter.
01:49 We can now see the sine curve in the plot window.
01:53 The default colour and thickness of the line is as decided by pylab.
01:59 Let us now change the parameters of this curve.
02:03 We can pass additional arguments to the plot command to do this.
02:09 We shall first clear the plot window by typing clf() in the ipython console.
02:16 You can now see a blank plot window.
02:20 Now, plot the same sine curve with an additional color argument.
02:26 So, we will type plot inside the brackets x comma sin(x) comma inside inverted commas r and press Enter.

Here, the argument 'r' is for red color.

02:44 On the plot window, the same sine curve is now seen in red color.
02:50 Do not close the plot window, just minimize it.
02:54 We can alter the thickness of the line by using the 'linewidth' argument.
03:00 This time we will draw the cosine curve on the plot window.
03:05 So, type plot inside brackets x comma cos(x) comma linewidth is equal to 2 and press Enter.
03:18 A cosine curve with line thickness 2 is produced in the plot window.
03:24 Let us now try to plot a sine curve in blue color with linewidth as 3.
03:31 Here onwards, press the Enter key to execute every command that we type on the Ipython console.
03:39 Let us first clear the plot window by typing clf().
03:44 You will again see a blank plot window.
03:48 Now type plot inside the brackets x comma sin(x) comma inside inverted commas b comma linewidth is equal to 3.
04:03 A combination of color and linewidth would do the job for us.
04:08 To get the plot in dotted style instead of a solid style, put a dot in linestyle.
04:16 First, type clf() to clear the plot window.
04:20 Now type plot inside the brackets x comma sin(x) comma inside inverted commas dot.
04:32 We get the sine curve in dotted style.
04:36 Let's see the information of plot.
04:40 Type: plot question mark and press Enter.
04:47 Pause the video. Try this exercise and then resume the video .
04:52 Plot the curve of x verses cos(x) in red dash line and linewidth 3.
05:00 Let us switch to the console for the solution.
05:04 Type clf() to clear the plot window.
05:08 Now type plot inside the brackets x comma cos(x) comma inside inverted commas r hyphen hyphen comma linewidth equals to 3.
05:25 We use a combination of linewidth argument and linestyle.
05:30 Now we know how to produce a bare minimum plot with color, style and thickness.
05:38 Let us look at modifying the plot further.
05:42 Let us start with a plot for the function minus x square plus 4x minus 5.
05:51 Now type plot inside the brackets x comma minus x multiplied by x plus 4 multiplied by x minus 5 comma inside inverted commas r comma linewidth is equal to 2.
06:16 We will see the curve of this equation in the plot window.
06:21 But the figure does not have any description describing the plot.
06:26 To add a title to the plot, use the title command.
06:31 So, type title inside the brackets inside inverted commas Parabolic function minus x square plus 4x minus 5.
06:48 The title command, as you can see, takes a string as an argument.
06:54 We can see the title on the plot window. But it is not formatted and does not look clean.
07:03 It would look even more shabby if there were fractions and complex functions.
07:09 Let us write the title in LaTeX format for a neater look.
07:14 For LaTeX format, we put a dollar sign before and after the string.
07:20 Type title inside the brackets r inside inverted commas Parabolic function dollar minus x square plus 4x minus 5 dollar.
07:38 Here, 'r' means that the string is to be treated as a raw string.
07:45 It will ignore all escape codes.
07:49 As we can see that the polynomial in the title is now formatted.
07:55 Although we have title, the plot is not complete without labelling the x and y axes.
08:03 So, we will label x and y axes in LaTeX style.
08:09 Type xlabel inside the brackets r inside inverted commas dollar x dollar and ylabel inside brackets r inside inverted commas dollar y dollar .
08:30 The plot is now almost complete.
08:34 Now we will name the points considering point(2 comma minus 1) as local maxima.
08:42 To name a point, we use the function annotate.
08:46 Type annotate inside the brackets inside inverted commas local maxima comma xy equals to inside brackets 2 comma minus 1.
09:03 We can see the local maxima at point 2 comma minus 1.
09:09 The first argument in annotate command is the name of the point.
09:15 The second argument represents the coordinates of the point.
09:20 It is a tuple containing two numbers. The first is x coordinate and second is y coordinate.
09:29 Next, type xlim brackets

xlim function returns the current x axis limits.

09:39 Then type ylim brackets. ylim function returns the current y-axis limits.
09:49 Set the limits of x-axis from minus 4 to 5 by typing xlim inside the brackets minus 4 comma 5.
10:02 Similarly, set the limits of y-axis in a similar manner.
10:07 Type ylim inside the brackets minus 15 comma 2.
10:19 Pause the video. Try this exercise and then resume the video.
10:24 Make an annotation called "root" at the point (minus 4 comma 0).
10:31 What happens to the first annotation?
10:35 Switch to the Ipython console for the solution.
10:39 Type annotate inside the brackets inside inverted commas root comma xy is equal to minus 4 comma 0.
10:53 Every annotate command makes a new annotation on the figure.
10:59 This brings us to the end of this tutorial. In this tutorial, we have learnt to:

modify the attributes of a plot like color, line width, line style by passing additional arguments,

11:16 add title to a plot using 'title command,
11:20 incorporate LaTeX style formatting by adding a $ sign before and after the string,
11:28 label x and y axes using xlabel() and ylabel() commands,
11:34 add annotations to a plot using annotate() command,
11:39 get and set the limits of axes using xlim() and ylim() commands.
11:46 Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve.
11:51 Draw a plot of cosine graph between minus 2pi to 2pi with line thickness 4.
12:00 Read the documentation and find out, is there a way to modify the alignment of text in the command ylabel.
12:09 And the answers are-

In order to plot a cosine graph between the points minus 2pi and 2pi with line thickness 4, we use the linspace and plot command as-

x equals to linspace inside the brackets minus 2pi comma 2pi.

12:31 plot (x comma cos(x) comma linewidth equals to 4)
12:38 The answer to the second question is:

No. We do not have an option to modify the alignment of text in the command ylabel.

12:48 Do you have questions on THIS Spoken Tutorial?
12:51 Choose the minute and second where you have the question.
12:55 Explain your question briefly.

Someone from the FOSSEE team will answer them. Please visit this site.

13:03 Do you have any general / technical questions on Python?
13:08 Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.
13:12 The FOSSEE team coordinates coding of solved examples of popular books.
13:18 We give honorarium and certificates for those who do this.

For more details, please visit this website.

13:27 The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India.
13:34 This is Usha from IIT Bombay, signing off. Thanks for watching.

Contributors and Content Editors

PoojaMoolya, Sandhya.np14