Difference between revisions of "Health-and-Nutrition/C2/Physical-methods-to-increase-the-amount-of-breastmilk/English"

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Line 33: Line 33:
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
| Image: Let down reflex
−
Image: Let down reflex
+
  
 
Image: Oxytocin hormone
 
Image: Oxytocin hormone
  
−
Image: breast with milk droplets
+
Image: Breast with milk droplets
  
 
Image: Mother thinking about baby
 
Image: Mother thinking about baby
Line 45: Line 44:
  
 
| Next, we will learn how to improve the''' let down reflex''' or''' Oxytocin reflex.'''
 
| Next, we will learn how to improve the''' let down reflex''' or''' Oxytocin reflex.'''
−
 
  
 
Before that we should know what is Oxytocin?
 
Before that we should know what is Oxytocin?
−
 
  
 
* Oxytocin is a hormone which encourages the let down reflex
 
* Oxytocin is a hormone which encourages the let down reflex
 
* Because of which, the milk is pushed out just by thinking about the baby
 
* Because of which, the milk is pushed out just by thinking about the baby
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Mother looking at the baby
 
| Image: Mother looking at the baby
−
 
  
 
Image: Mother smelling the babys clothes
 
Image: Mother smelling the babys clothes
−
 
  
 
Image: Mother listening to music
 
Image: Mother listening to music
Line 66: Line 59:
  
 
* First, mother should relax and then look at her calm baby
 
* First, mother should relax and then look at her calm baby
−
* She can also smell her baby’s unwashed clothes
+
* She can also smell her baby’s unwashed clothes and
−
* And listen to soothing music as well
+
* Listen to soothing music as well
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 76: Line 67:
  
 
Image: Massage of upper back and neck with arrows for indicating same nerve
 
Image: Massage of upper back and neck with arrows for indicating same nerve
−
 
  
 
Image: Massage of the breast
 
Image: Massage of the breast
Line 84: Line 74:
 
* Massage of the upper back and
 
* Massage of the upper back and
 
* Massage of the breast
 
* Massage of the breast
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 93: Line 81:
  
 
Image: Showing circulation of milk with arrow marks.
 
Image: Showing circulation of milk with arrow marks.
−
 
  
 
GIF: Baby suckling on mothers breast
 
GIF: Baby suckling on mothers breast
 
| Let us see how to do hot water fomentation,
 
| Let us see how to do hot water fomentation,
−
 
  
 
* Mother should take a warm water bath
 
* Mother should take a warm water bath
 
* Or keep a warm cloth on her breast
 
* Or keep a warm cloth on her breast
 
* Both these methods will help circulation of milk in the breast and push the milk out.
 
* Both these methods will help circulation of milk in the breast and push the milk out.
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Group image of back massaging and breast massaging
 
| Image: Group image of back massaging and breast massaging
−
 
  
 
Image: Mother massaging breast in sitting position
 
Image: Mother massaging breast in sitting position
Line 114: Line 97:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Helper massaging back of the mother.
 
| Image: Helper massaging back of the mother.
−
| * Massaging of the upper back and neck will help the milk to flow freely
+
|  
 +
* Massaging of the upper back and neck will help the milk to flow freely
 
* Since the same nerve goes to the upper back and the breast.
 
* Since the same nerve goes to the upper back and the breast.
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 127: Line 109:
  
 
Image: Empty the breast completely
 
Image: Empty the breast completely
−
| * massaging the breast before feeding opens the milk ducts
+
|
 +
* Massaging the breast before feeding opens the milk ducts
 
* Hence, the milk will flow freely and the breast will be emptied completely
 
* Hence, the milk will flow freely and the breast will be emptied completely
−
* leading to higher milk production
+
* Leading to higher milk production
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Baby latched on to mother’s breast
 
| Image: Baby latched on to mother’s breast
−
 
−
 
  
 
| Another method of increasing the amount of breast milk is-
 
| Another method of increasing the amount of breast milk is-
  
−
* to encourage the baby to latch on correctly.
+
* To encourage the baby to latch on correctly.
  
 
Let us see how to do so-
 
Let us see how to do so-
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Brushing of nipple on upper lip
 
| Image: Brushing of nipple on upper lip
−
 
  
 
Image: Baby opening mouth widely
 
Image: Baby opening mouth widely
−
 
  
 
Image: Correct latching
 
Image: Correct latching
−
 
  
 
Image: Correct latching giving sufficient milk
 
Image: Correct latching giving sufficient milk
−
| * Rub the nipple on the upper lip of the baby
+
|  
 +
* Rub the nipple on the upper lip of the baby
 
* This will help the baby to open the mouth widely
 
* This will help the baby to open the mouth widely
 
* And will help with the correct latch and give sufficient milk to the baby
 
* And will help with the correct latch and give sufficient milk to the baby
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Mother breastfeeding in sitting position
 
| Image: Mother breastfeeding in sitting position
 
| Make sure during breastfeeding-
 
| Make sure during breastfeeding-
−
 
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image:Mother holding baby to support full body
 
| Image:Mother holding baby to support full body
−
 
  
 
Image: Baby’s tummy touching mothers tummy
 
Image: Baby’s tummy touching mothers tummy
−
 
  
 
Image: Position of head, neck and body in straight line with nipple
 
Image: Position of head, neck and body in straight line with nipple
−
 
  
 
Image: Baby’s nose in line with nipple
 
Image: Baby’s nose in line with nipple
Line 184: Line 152:
 
* Baby’s head, neck and body are always in a straight line
 
* Baby’s head, neck and body are always in a straight line
 
* Baby’s nose is in the line with the mother’s nipple
 
* Baby’s nose is in the line with the mother’s nipple
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Chin pressed into breast by bending baby’s head outward.
 
| Image: Chin pressed into breast by bending baby’s head outward.
−
 
  
 
Image: Lips curled outward
 
Image: Lips curled outward
−
| * The chin should be brought forward and pushed into mother’s breast
+
|  
 +
* The chin should be brought forward and pushed into mother’s breast
 
* The lower lip is curled outward.
 
* The lower lip is curled outward.
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Baby sucking lower areola
 
| Image: Baby sucking lower areola
  
−
 
+
|
−
 
+
* Ensure that the baby takes in more part of lower areola while latching.
−
| * Ensure that the baby takes in more part of lower areola while latching.
+
 
* So that the upper areola is more visible than the lower areola.
 
* So that the upper areola is more visible than the lower areola.
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 211: Line 172:
 
| Please note-
 
| Please note-
  
−
Areola is the dark
+
Areola is the dark area around the nipple.
−
 
+
−
area around the nipple.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Gentle pressing of the breast
 
| Image: Gentle pressing of the breast
−
 
  
 
Image: Gentle holding of the breast
 
Image: Gentle holding of the breast
−
 
  
 
Image: Breast squeezing
 
Image: Breast squeezing
Line 226: Line 183:
  
 
* To do so-
 
* To do so-
−
** gently hold and squeeze the breast during breastfeeding.
+
* Gently hold and squeeze the breast during breastfeeding.
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Releasing more milk
 
| Image: Releasing more milk
−
 
  
 
GIF: Baby suckling on breast
 
GIF: Baby suckling on breast
−
| * gentle pressure on the milk glands helps to release more milk
+
|  
 +
* Gentle pressure on the milk glands helps to release more milk
 
* This will help to give out more milk with each suck of the baby.
 
* This will help to give out more milk with each suck of the baby.
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Gentle pressing of breast
 
| Image: Gentle pressing of breast
−
 
−
 
  
 
| Gentle pressing of the breast has been explained in another tutorial of same series.
 
| Gentle pressing of the breast has been explained in another tutorial of same series.
Line 249: Line 200:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Breast feeding at night in sitting position
 
| Image: Breast feeding at night in sitting position
−
 
  
  
 
| An interesting fact is that night time feeding is important.
 
| An interesting fact is that night time feeding is important.
−
 
  
 
Let us understand why ?
 
Let us understand why ?
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Image: Prolactin hormone
+
|Image: Prolactin hormone
−
| * The amount of hormone Prolactin in breast milk is higher during the night
+
−
 
+
  
 +
|
 +
* The amount of hormone Prolactin in breast milk is higher during the night
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| GIF: Baby suckling on breast
 
| GIF: Baby suckling on breast
−
 
  
 
Image: Growth and development of baby
 
Image: Growth and development of baby
  
−
 
+
|
−
 
+
* When the baby feeds more at night it improves the amount of milk during breastfeeding
−
| * when the baby feeds more at night it improves the amount of milk during breastfeeding
+
 
* Thereby, helping in growth of the baby
 
* Thereby, helping in growth of the baby
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Image: milk droplets from breast
+
| Image: Milk droplets from breast
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
Image:Mother breastfeeding 12 times.
+
  
 +
Image: Mother breastfeeding 12 times.
  
 
Image: Breastfeeding at night 3 times.
 
Image: Breastfeeding at night 3 times.
−
 
−
 
  
 
| Another important factor to increase the amount of breast milk is-
 
| Another important factor to increase the amount of breast milk is-
  
 
the breastfeeding frequency.
 
the breastfeeding frequency.
−
 
  
 
* Baby should be fed minimum 10-12 times in 24 hours
 
* Baby should be fed minimum 10-12 times in 24 hours
 
* And it is also important to feed the baby at least 2-3 times at night
 
* And it is also important to feed the baby at least 2-3 times at night
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Group image of early hunger signals.
 
| Image: Group image of early hunger signals.
  
−
 
+
|
−
 
+
* Do not keep the baby hungry
−
| * Do not keep the baby hungry
+
−
 
+
 
Watch out for early hunger signals such as,
 
Watch out for early hunger signals such as,
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Baby turning her body from one side to other side
 
| Image: Baby turning her body from one side to other side
−
 
  
 
Image: Baby turning mouth towards finger touched on her cheek, with arrows.
 
Image: Baby turning mouth towards finger touched on her cheek, with arrows.
−
 
  
 
Image: Baby opening mouth
 
Image: Baby opening mouth
−
| * Baby moves her arms and legs
+
|  
 +
* Baby moves her arms and legs
 
* Baby turns towards anything that is touched to her cheeks.
 
* Baby turns towards anything that is touched to her cheeks.
 
* And she opens her mouth.
 
* And she opens her mouth.
−
 
−
 
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Baby crying
 
| Image: Baby crying
Line 330: Line 262:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Breast and glass with hind milk
 
| Image: Breast and glass with hind milk
−
 
  
 
Image: Breast with milk at the back of breast
 
Image: Breast with milk at the back of breast
−
 
  
 
Image: Fat droplets
 
Image: Fat droplets
−
 
  
 
Image: Hind milk in a glass to show consistency
 
Image: Hind milk in a glass to show consistency
  
 +
Image: Complete emptying of one breast and then second breast by breastfeeding.
  
−
Image: Complete emptying of one breast and then second breast by breastfeeding.
 
 
| Also removal of hind milk is important
 
| Also removal of hind milk is important
−
 
 
* Hind milk is the milk present in the back part of the breast
 
* Hind milk is the milk present in the back part of the breast
−
 
 
* It is made up of fats
 
* It is made up of fats
 
* It is thick in consistency
 
* It is thick in consistency
 
* Therefore Mother should ensure complete emptying of one breast and then offer the other breast.
 
* Therefore Mother should ensure complete emptying of one breast and then offer the other breast.
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Mother manually expressing milk
 
| Image: Mother manually expressing milk
−
 
−
 
  
 
| Now let us discuss about expressing the milk from the breast after feeding the baby,
 
| Now let us discuss about expressing the milk from the breast after feeding the baby,
Line 362: Line 285:
 
| Image: Mother removing milk
 
| Image: Mother removing milk
  
−
 
+
|
−
 
+
* Expressing is manual removal of milk with mother’s own hands,
−
| * Expressing is manual removal of milk with mother’s own hands,
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Breast milk expression with fingers and thumb
 
| Image: Breast milk expression with fingers and thumb
−
 
  
 
Image: Pressing the breast inward
 
Image: Pressing the breast inward
−
 
−
 
  
 
| To do so,
 
| To do so,
  
−
* mother keeps her fingers and thumb at the margin of the areola and the skin of the breast
+
* Mother keeps her fingers and thumb at the margin of the areola and the skin of the breast
 
* Then gently presses the areola inward towards the chest, compressing and then releasing.
 
* Then gently presses the areola inward towards the chest, compressing and then releasing.
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| GIF: Baby suckling
 
| GIF: Baby suckling
  
−
 
+
|
−
 
+
* It is done even if the baby has suckled completely
−
| * It is done even if the baby has suckled completely
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Image: Group image of expressing milk in between two feeds with 1 hour gap
+
|Image: Group image of expressing milk in between two feeds with 1 hour gap
−
 
+
  
 
Image: Mother expressing breast milk with one hand
 
Image: Mother expressing breast milk with one hand
−
| * Mother should remove the milk even in between two feeds
+
|
 +
* Mother should remove the milk even in between two feeds
 
* Removing milk frequently will improve the amount of breastmilk
 
* Removing milk frequently will improve the amount of breastmilk
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Artificial nipple and formula milk with cross mark
 
| Image: Artificial nipple and formula milk with cross mark
−
 
  
 
Image: Cow, goat and bottled milk with a cross mark
 
Image: Cow, goat and bottled milk with a cross mark
−
 
  
 
Image: Baby and nipple shield with cross mark
 
Image: Baby and nipple shield with cross mark
 
| Always remember the following:
 
| Always remember the following:
  
−
* avoid use of artificial nipples and formula milk
+
* Avoid use of artificial nipples and formula milk
−
 
+
* As they reduce mother’s milk
−
*
+
−
** as they reduce mother’s milk
+
 
* Avoid feeding cow/goat milk or formula milk
 
* Avoid feeding cow/goat milk or formula milk
 
* Avoid nipple shields as it creates nipple confusion for the baby.
 
* Avoid nipple shields as it creates nipple confusion for the baby.
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Grouped image of early hunger signals
 
| Image: Grouped image of early hunger signals
−
 
  
 
Image: Mother breastfeeding in sitting position
 
Image: Mother breastfeeding in sitting position
 
| Remember,
 
| Remember,
  
−
* the baby should be breastfed whenever she shows early hunger signs.
+
* The baby should be breastfed whenever she shows early hunger signs.
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Health worker talking to mother
 
| Image: Health worker talking to mother
−
| * The health worker should
+
|  
−
** build mother’s confidence by guiding her about correct latching technique.
+
The health worker should
−
 
+
* Build mother’s confidence by guiding her about correct latching technique.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Image: Baby kept on weighing scale
 
| Image: Baby kept on weighing scale
−
 
+
|
−
 
+
* Monitor the weight of the baby daily
−
 
+
* To ensure that the baby starts gaining 25 to 30 grams of weight per day.
−
| * monitor the weight of the baby daily
+
−
** To ensure that the baby starts gaining 25 to 30 grams of weight per day.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Acknowledgement'''
 
| '''Acknowledgement'''
−
 
  
 
Image: Spoken tutorial logo.
 
Image: Spoken tutorial logo.
−
 
  
 
Image: IIT Bombay logo.
 
Image: IIT Bombay logo.
−
 
  
 
Image: NMEICT Logo
 
Image: NMEICT Logo
Line 469: Line 362:
  
 
[http://www.spoken-tutorial.org www.spoken-tutorial.org]
 
[http://www.spoken-tutorial.org www.spoken-tutorial.org]
−
 
  
 
Image: WHEELS Global Foundation Logo.
 
Image: WHEELS Global Foundation Logo.
−
 
  
 
Image: Maa aur Shishu Poshan Logo
 
Image: Maa aur Shishu Poshan Logo

Revision as of 13:59, 23 October 2018

Visual Cue
Narration
Title Slide Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Physical Methods to Increase the Amount of Breast Milk.
Image: Group image of types of physical methods In this tutorial, we will learn-

How to increase the amount of breastmilk using different physical methods

Image: Mother and baby in skin to skin contact Let us first begin with Kangaroo mother care.
Image: Mother holding baby in skin to skin contact In this method-
  • The baby should be in skin to skin contact with the mother as long as possible.
Image: Mother and baby in skin to skin contact Note that, the procedure for Kangaroo mother care-
  • has been explained in another tutorial of the same series.
Image: Let down reflex

Image: Oxytocin hormone

Image: Breast with milk droplets

Image: Mother thinking about baby

Image: Breast with milk droplets

Next, we will learn how to improve the let down reflex or Oxytocin reflex.

Before that we should know what is Oxytocin?

  • Oxytocin is a hormone which encourages the let down reflex
  • Because of which, the milk is pushed out just by thinking about the baby
Image: Mother looking at the baby

Image: Mother smelling the babys clothes

Image: Mother listening to music

Therefore, to push the milk out-
  • First, mother should relax and then look at her calm baby
  • She can also smell her baby’s unwashed clothes and
  • Listen to soothing music as well

Image: Group image of hot water fomentation, upper back massaging and breast massage.

Image: Massage of upper back and neck with arrows for indicating same nerve

Image: Massage of the breast

Alternately other methods that will help to push the milk out are-
  • Hot water fomentation
  • Massage of the upper back and
  • Massage of the breast
Image : Mother taking shower

Image: Mother Showing warm cloth application on breast

Image: Showing circulation of milk with arrow marks.

GIF: Baby suckling on mothers breast

Let us see how to do hot water fomentation,
  • Mother should take a warm water bath
  • Or keep a warm cloth on her breast
  • Both these methods will help circulation of milk in the breast and push the milk out.
Image: Group image of back massaging and breast massaging

Image: Mother massaging breast in sitting position

Next, let us learn about massaging
Image: Helper massaging back of the mother.
  • Massaging of the upper back and neck will help the milk to flow freely
  • Since the same nerve goes to the upper back and the breast.
Image: Mother massaging the breast

Image: Milk flowing freely

Image: Breast with milk droplets

Image: Empty the breast completely

  • Massaging the breast before feeding opens the milk ducts
  • Hence, the milk will flow freely and the breast will be emptied completely
  • Leading to higher milk production
Image: Baby latched on to mother’s breast Another method of increasing the amount of breast milk is-
  • To encourage the baby to latch on correctly.

Let us see how to do so-

Image: Brushing of nipple on upper lip

Image: Baby opening mouth widely

Image: Correct latching

Image: Correct latching giving sufficient milk

  • Rub the nipple on the upper lip of the baby
  • This will help the baby to open the mouth widely
  • And will help with the correct latch and give sufficient milk to the baby
Image: Mother breastfeeding in sitting position Make sure during breastfeeding-
Image:Mother holding baby to support full body

Image: Baby’s tummy touching mothers tummy

Image: Position of head, neck and body in straight line with nipple

Image: Baby’s nose in line with nipple

  • Mother supports the full body of the baby
  • Baby’s tummy should touch the mother’s tummy
  • Baby’s head, neck and body are always in a straight line
  • Baby’s nose is in the line with the mother’s nipple
Image: Chin pressed into breast by bending baby’s head outward.

Image: Lips curled outward

  • The chin should be brought forward and pushed into mother’s breast
  • The lower lip is curled outward.
Image: Baby sucking lower areola
  • Ensure that the baby takes in more part of lower areola while latching.
  • So that the upper areola is more visible than the lower areola.
Image: Mother’s breast showing areola with arrow Please note-

Areola is the dark area around the nipple.

Image: Gentle pressing of the breast

Image: Gentle holding of the breast

Image: Breast squeezing

Now let us look at another physical method which is gentle pressing of the breast-
  • To do so-
  • Gently hold and squeeze the breast during breastfeeding.
Image: Releasing more milk

GIF: Baby suckling on breast

  • Gentle pressure on the milk glands helps to release more milk
  • This will help to give out more milk with each suck of the baby.
Image: Gentle pressing of breast Gentle pressing of the breast has been explained in another tutorial of same series.
Image: Breast feeding at night in sitting position


An interesting fact is that night time feeding is important.

Let us understand why ?

Image: Prolactin hormone
  • The amount of hormone Prolactin in breast milk is higher during the night
GIF: Baby suckling on breast

Image: Growth and development of baby

  • When the baby feeds more at night it improves the amount of milk during breastfeeding
  • Thereby, helping in growth of the baby
Image: Milk droplets from breast

Image: Mother breastfeeding 12 times.

Image: Breastfeeding at night 3 times.

Another important factor to increase the amount of breast milk is-

the breastfeeding frequency.

  • Baby should be fed minimum 10-12 times in 24 hours
  • And it is also important to feed the baby at least 2-3 times at night
Image: Group image of early hunger signals.
  • Do not keep the baby hungry

Watch out for early hunger signals such as,

Image: Baby turning her body from one side to other side

Image: Baby turning mouth towards finger touched on her cheek, with arrows.

Image: Baby opening mouth

  • Baby moves her arms and legs
  • Baby turns towards anything that is touched to her cheeks.
  • And she opens her mouth.
Image: Baby crying Remember,

Crying of the baby is a late signal of hunger.

Therefore feed the baby on early hunger signs.

Image: Breast and glass with hind milk

Image: Breast with milk at the back of breast

Image: Fat droplets

Image: Hind milk in a glass to show consistency

Image: Complete emptying of one breast and then second breast by breastfeeding.

Also removal of hind milk is important
  • Hind milk is the milk present in the back part of the breast
  • It is made up of fats
  • It is thick in consistency
  • Therefore Mother should ensure complete emptying of one breast and then offer the other breast.
Image: Mother manually expressing milk Now let us discuss about expressing the milk from the breast after feeding the baby,
Image: Mother removing milk
  • Expressing is manual removal of milk with mother’s own hands,
Image: Breast milk expression with fingers and thumb

Image: Pressing the breast inward

To do so,
  • Mother keeps her fingers and thumb at the margin of the areola and the skin of the breast
  • Then gently presses the areola inward towards the chest, compressing and then releasing.
GIF: Baby suckling
  • It is done even if the baby has suckled completely
Image: Group image of expressing milk in between two feeds with 1 hour gap

Image: Mother expressing breast milk with one hand

  • Mother should remove the milk even in between two feeds
  • Removing milk frequently will improve the amount of breastmilk
Image: Artificial nipple and formula milk with cross mark

Image: Cow, goat and bottled milk with a cross mark

Image: Baby and nipple shield with cross mark

Always remember the following:
  • Avoid use of artificial nipples and formula milk
  • As they reduce mother’s milk
  • Avoid feeding cow/goat milk or formula milk
  • Avoid nipple shields as it creates nipple confusion for the baby.
Image: Grouped image of early hunger signals

Image: Mother breastfeeding in sitting position

Remember,
  • The baby should be breastfed whenever she shows early hunger signs.
Image: Health worker talking to mother

The health worker should

  • Build mother’s confidence by guiding her about correct latching technique.
Image: Baby kept on weighing scale
  • Monitor the weight of the baby daily
  • To ensure that the baby starts gaining 25 to 30 grams of weight per day.
Acknowledgement

Image: Spoken tutorial logo.

Image: IIT Bombay logo.

Image: NMEICT Logo

This brings us to the end of this tutorial on Physical Methods to Increase the Amount of BreastMilk.


Thanks for joining.

Image: MHRD, Government of India logo.

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Image: WHEELS Global Foundation Logo.

Image: Maa aur Shishu Poshan Logo

Contributors and Content Editors

Bellatony911, Gmungrey

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