Difference between revisions of "Xfig/C2/Feedback-diagram-with-Maths/English-timed"
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Latest revision as of 09:49, 21 August 2018
| Time | Narration |
| 00:00 | Welcome to the spoken tutorial on embedding mathematics in Xfig. |
| 00:05 | In this tutorial, I shall explain how to create this figure. |
| 00:11 | Observe the mathematical expression in the second block. |
| 00:16 | You can embed any mathematical expression after learning this tutorial. |
| 00:23 | We shall create the figure in the previous slide, starting from this figure, which was created in the spoken tutorial on “Feedback Diagrams through Xfig”. |
| 00:36 | You should learn this tutorial before starting the current one. |
| 00:42 | Let me now explain, what all you need to learn the material taught in this course. |
| 00:48 | I am using Xfig Version 3.2, patch level 5. |
| 00:52 | You also need LaTeX and a familiarity with it. |
| 00:56 | You also need image cropping software. |
| 01:01 | pdfcrop works on Linux and Mac OS X. We will cover it in this tutorial. |
| 01:09 | Briss is said to work on Windows also, but not covered in this tutorial. |
| 01:15 | Let us go to Xfig. |
| 01:19 | Let us choose the File, then Open. |
| 01:26 | If we scroll through the list, we will see the file “feedback.fig”, created in the spoken tutorial on “Feedback Diagrams through Xfig”. Let us click it. |
| 01:42 | We will see the figure inside this box. |
| 01:45 | Let us open it. |
| 01:53 | Let us bring it inside. |
| 02:01 | Let us also zoom it. |
| 02:05 | Using the Save as option on “File”, we will save this figure as maths. |
| 02:20 | Let us save it. |
| 02:24 | We now have the file "maths.fig". |
| 02:27 | Let us select “Edit” and click the text “Plant”. |
| 02:34 | Let me take the mouse here. Let me delete this and enter
$G(z) = \frac z{z-1}$ |
| 02:50 | Make sure that the mouse stays within the box while typing. |
| 02:56 | The default value for “Flag”' is “Normal” - change it to “Special”. |
| 03:01 | Click “Done”. |
| 03:07 | As the text is long, it overlaps with other entries. |
| 03:12 | Let us move the text outside the box and work with it. |
| 03:23 | Let me click here. |
| 03:26 | Let me choose Grid Mode. |
| 03:31 | Once we are satisfied with any changes that we may want here, we can put it back inside the box. |
| 03:39 | Let us save this file. |
| 03:44 | Let us export using combined pdf and Latex files. |
| 03:51 | File > Export > Combined pdf/LaTeX. Let us Export. |
| 04:03 | There is an error message that I get. But let us not worry about this. |
| 04:11 | Let me go to the terminal. |
| 04:13 | Let me type ls -lrt. |
| 04:21 | We get a list of files, with the last one being the most recent. |
| 04:26 | The last two files are maths.pdf_t and maths.pdf. |
| 04:33 | Let us give the command open maths.pdf. |
| 04:42 | Let us bring it inside. |
| 04:45 | We can see the block diagram without the mathematical expression. |
| 04:50 | Let me close this. |
| 04:52 | Let us see maths.pdf_t in emacs editor that I have already opened. |
| 05:01 | It is here. Let me open it. |
| 05:14 | Please note that you do NOT have to use emacs. |
| 05:17 | You can use WHATEVER editor that you are comfortable with. |
| 05:22 | You can see that the “picture” environment is used. |
| 05:26 | It also makes use of includegraphics and color packages – we need to tell LaTeX to take care of this requirement. |
| 05:41 | Let me now open the file maths-bp.tex; I have already created for this tutorial. |
| 05:59 | I have used article class. |
| 06:02 | I have used color and graphicx packages as these are used in the file pdf_t, the one we saw earlier. |
| 06:15 | I want empty pagestyle as I do not want the page number. |
| 06:20 | Finally, I want to include the file maths.pdf_t. |
| 06: 27 | Let us invoke the command pdflatex maths-bp in the terminal. |
| 06:42 | We get the message that the maths-bp.pdf is created. |
| 06:48 | Let us open it with the command open maths-bp.pdf. |
| 06:58 | We have the file we want. Let me zoom it. |
| 07:07 | Now that we know that the mathematical expression is working, let us move the text inside the block. |
| 07:30 | Let us save and export. It is already in the required language. Export. |
| 07:38 | Let us dismiss this warning. |
| 07:41 | Let me compile it again. |
| 07:44 | Let us click the pdf browser that has the file. |
| 07: 49 | Now you see the mathematical expression inside the box, the way we want. |
| 07:56 | Let us now see what happens if we do not choose the Special flag. |
| 08:01 | Let me come here. |
| 08:04 | Let me edit the text, change the Special Flag to Normal. Done. |
| 08:25 | File > Save. Let me export. |
| 08:37 | Let me compile. Let me come here. |
| 08:41 | The formula is no longer in the form we want. |
| 08:46 | Let us change the “Special Flag” back to “Special”. |
| 09:03 | Save, Export. |
| 09:12 | Recompile. You see that the file is in the form we want. |
| 09:18 | Let us now improve the appearance of this formula. |
| 09:22 | In this case, the use of 'dfrac' will make the fraction look better. |
| 09:28 | In view of this, let us change 'frac' to 'dfrac'. |
| 09:38 | Let me click here. Keep the mouse inside the box. |
| 09:43 | Put 'd' here. Done. Save, Export. |
| 09:52 | Let us compile once again using pdflatex. |
| 10:03 | We get the error message “Undefined control sequence” "\dfrac". |
| 10:11 | LaTeX complains because the command \dfrac is defined in the package “Amsmath” but we have not included it. |
| 10:21 | We need to include it in the file maths-bp.tex'. |
| 10:27 | Let us do it. Let us go to emacs. |
| 10:35 | Enter “\usepackage{amsmath}”. |
| 10:41 | Let us save the file. Let us compile once again. Let me first exit. |
| 10:49 | Let me now recompile. Now it compiles. Let us click this. |
| 10:59 | We see that the fraction has now come out nicely. |
| 11:03 | We have now achieved our objective of learning how to embed mathematical expressions in Xfig. |
| 11:11 | It is important to note that Xfig does not interpret the LaTeX commands at all. |
| 11:16 | The interpretation is done by the “pdflatex” command. |
| 11:20 | The LaTeX commands have to be correct and consistent at the time of compilation. |
| 11:25 | We will now explain how to remove the white space around the figure. |
| 11:31 | Let me go to the terminal. |
| 11:33 | Let me type the command “pdfcrop maths-bp.pdf” - this is the file we created, into “maths-out.pdf”. |
| 11:53 | Pdfcrop says, one page written on this file. |
| 11:57 | “pdfcrop” takes an input file, trims the space around the figure and writes out the cropped file in the output file. |
| 12:09 | “pdfcrop” is already installed in my system. |
| 12:12 | If you do not have it, you need to install it first. |
| 12:15 | Let us view this output file by the command, “open maths-out.pdf”. |
| 12:29 | Let me bring it inside. |
| 12:31 | The figure has now become extremely compact. |
| 12:34 | The white space that was here has been completely removed. |
| 12:38 | We can now insert this into documents. |
| 12:42 | Let me close this. Let me close this also. Let me close this also. |
| 12:52 | Let me come back to the slides. |
| 12:57 | The software “briss” can also be used to crop the white space. |
| 13:01 | It is supposed to work on Linux, Mac OS X and also on Windows. |
| 13:08 | I have checked its working on Mac OS X. But we will not demonstrate it here. |
| 13:17 | We have now come to the end of this tutorial. |
| 13:20 | We have an assignment for you. Make the diagram created in this tutorial more symmetric and beautiful. |
| 13:27 | Try out different mathematical expressions. |
| 13:30 | Try out other options such as flip and rotate, not covered in the spoken tutorial. |
| 13:36 | Try to build different diagrams. Explore the library. |
| 13:41 | Do an internet search and locate information relevant to Xfig. |
| 13:47 | Useful learning material is available at spoken-tutorial.org. It is here. |
| 14:02 | The concept of spoken tutorials is explained in "What is a Spoken Tutorial?". |
| 14:09 | You may learn LaTeX using the spoken tutorials, available here, which I have downloaded in this tab. |
| 14:19 | The tutorial on Mathematical Typesetting explains how to create maths in LaTeX. |
| 14:29 | The tutorial on Tables and Figures explains how to place figures of the type created in this tutorial into documents. |
| 14:38 | This website has a lot of information, including Xfig tutorials. Come back to the slides. |
| 14:53 | Spoken Tutorial is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project, supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT), MHRD, Government of India. |
| 15:03 | More information on this mission is available at:spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro. |
| 15:12 | We welcome your participation and also feedback. |
| 15:16 | This is Kannan Moudgalya, signing off. Thanks for joining. |
