Difference between revisions of "KTurtle/C3/Special-Commands-in-KTurtle/English-timed"

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||00:01
 
||00:01
 
||Hello everybody. Welcome to this tutorial on '''Special Commands in KTurtle.'''  
 
||Hello everybody. Welcome to this tutorial on '''Special Commands in KTurtle.'''  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||00:08
 
||00:08
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'''“learn”''' command and
 
'''“learn”''' command and
 
'''“random”''' command.
 
'''“random”''' command.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||00:15
 
||00:15
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'''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version '''12.04'''
 
'''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version '''12.04'''
 
'''KTurtle''' version '''0.8.1 beta'''.  
 
'''KTurtle''' version '''0.8.1 beta'''.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 00:28
+
||00:28
 
||We assume that you have basic working knowledge of 'KTurtle'.  
 
||We assume that you have basic working knowledge of 'KTurtle'.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 00:33  
+
||00:33  
 
||If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website:http://spoken-tutorial.org  
 
||If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website:http://spoken-tutorial.org  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 00:39
+
||00:39
 
||Let's open a new '''KTurtle Application'''.  
 
||Let's open a new '''KTurtle Application'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 00:42
+
||00:42
 
||Click on '''Dash home.'''   
 
||Click on '''Dash home.'''   
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 00:44
+
||00:44
 
||In the '''Search bar''', type: "kturtle".  
 
||In the '''Search bar''', type: "kturtle".  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 00:47
+
||00:47
 
||Click on the''' KTurtle''' icon.  
 
||Click on the''' KTurtle''' icon.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||00:50
 
||00:50
 
||Let's first look at '''learn''' command.
 
||Let's first look at '''learn''' command.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 00:53
+
||00:53
 
||''' learn''' is a special '''command'''  as it is used to create your own commands.  
 
||''' learn''' is a special '''command'''  as it is used to create your own commands.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 01:01
+
||01:01
 
||'''learn''' command takes '''input''' and returns '''output'''.  
 
||'''learn''' command takes '''input''' and returns '''output'''.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||01:05
 
||01:05
 
||Let's take a look at how a new command is created.
 
||Let's take a look at how a new command is created.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||01:10
 
||01:10
 
||Let me zoom the program text to have a clear view.
 
||Let me zoom the program text to have a clear view.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||01:14
 
||01:14
Line 59: Line 68:
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 01:19
+
||01:19
 
||'''repeat 4''' within curly brackets
 
||'''repeat 4''' within curly brackets
 
{  
 
{  
Line 67: Line 76:
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 01:31
+
||01:31
 
||Here, the number '''10''' specifies the length of the side of the square.
 
||Here, the number '''10''' specifies the length of the side of the square.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 01:37
+
||01:37
 
||Now, let's  learn the commands involved to draw a square, using the '''learn''' command.  
 
||Now, let's  learn the commands involved to draw a square, using the '''learn''' command.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 01:45
+
||01:45
 
||We will name this set of commands, to draw a square, as '''square'''.  
 
||We will name this set of commands, to draw a square, as '''square'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 01:50
+
||01:50
 
||The command ''''learn'''' is followed by the name of the command to be learnt. In this case, it is  "square".  
 
||The command ''''learn'''' is followed by the name of the command to be learnt. In this case, it is  "square".  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 01:59
+
||01:59
 
||Let us type the following code:
 
||Let us type the following code:
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 02:02
+
||02:02
 
||'''learn''' space '''square''' space '''$x'''.  
 
||'''learn''' space '''square''' space '''$x'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 02:10
+
||02:10
 
||Let's include curly brackets.
 
||Let's include curly brackets.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 02:13
+
||02:13
 
||Let's replace '''10''' by '''$x'''.
 
||Let's replace '''10''' by '''$x'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 02:19
+
||02:19
 
||New command that we have defined  is called '''square.'''  
 
||New command that we have defined  is called '''square.'''  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 02:23
+
||02:23
 
||'''square''' takes one input argument, '''$x''', to set the size of the square.  
 
||'''square''' takes one input argument, '''$x''', to set the size of the square.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 02:31
+
||02:31
 
||Note that when you '''run''' this  code,''' square''' returns no output.  
 
||Note that when you '''run''' this  code,''' square''' returns no output.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 02:37
+
||02:37
 
||The command '''learn''' is just 'learning' other command ''' square''', to be used later.  
 
||The command '''learn''' is just 'learning' other command ''' square''', to be used later.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 02:43
+
||02:43
 
||'''square''' command can now be used like a normal command in the rest of the code.  
 
||'''square''' command can now be used like a normal command in the rest of the code.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 02:51
+
||02:51
 
||Let me add few more lines here.  
 
||Let me add few more lines here.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 02:54
+
||02:54
 
||Let's type: '''go 200,200'''  '''square 100'''  
 
||Let's type: '''go 200,200'''  '''square 100'''  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03:04
+
||03:04
 
||Using the command '''square 100''', Turtle draws a square of dimension 100.
 
||Using the command '''square 100''', Turtle draws a square of dimension 100.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03:11
+
||03:11
 
||Let's '''Run''' the code now.
 
||Let's '''Run''' the code now.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03:13
+
||03:13
 
||'''Turtle''' draws a square on the canvas.
 
||'''Turtle''' draws a square on the canvas.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03:17
+
||03:17
 
||Let's  now replace 100 by 50.
 
||Let's  now replace 100 by 50.
−
|-
 
−
|| 03:22
 
−
||Let's '''run''' again.
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03:23
+
||03:22
−
||'''Turtle''' draws another '''square''' with dimension 50.
+
||Let's '''run''' again,'''Turtle''' draws another '''square''' with dimension 50.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03:28
+
||03:28
 
||Please note that this '''command''' can be used only within the scope of this program.
 
||Please note that this '''command''' can be used only within the scope of this program.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03:35
+
||03:35
 
||I will clear the current code from editor.
 
||I will clear the current code from editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03:38
+
||03:38
 
||Type '''"clear"''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 
||Type '''"clear"''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||03:44
 
||03:44
 
||Next, we will  learn about '''“random”''' command.
 
||Next, we will  learn about '''“random”''' command.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03:48
+
||03:48
 
||'''random''' command takes input and returns output.  
 
||'''random''' command takes input and returns output.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03:52
+
||03:52
−
|| Syntax for the random command is: '''“random X,Y”'''  
+
||Syntax for the random command is: '''“random X,Y”'''  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03:57
+
||03:57
−
|| where X and Y are two inputs.  
+
||where X and Y are two inputs.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 04:01
+
||04:01
−
|| X sets minimum output and Y sets maximum output.
+
||X sets minimum output and Y sets maximum output.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 04:07
+
||04:07
−
|| Output is randomly chosen number between X and Y.  
+
||Output is randomly chosen number between X and Y.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||04:13
 
||04:13
 
||Let's put the “random” command to use in the '''application'''.  
 
||Let's put the “random” command to use in the '''application'''.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 04:18
+
||04:18
 
||I already have a code in a text-editor.
 
||I already have a code in a text-editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 04:22
+
||04:22
 
||I will explain the code now.
 
||I will explain the code now.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 04:24
+
||04:24
 
||'''“reset”''' command sets '''Turtle''' to default position.
 
||'''“reset”''' command sets '''Turtle''' to default position.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 04:29
+
||04:29
 
||Here, the command '''random 1,20''' selects a  number which is equal or greater than 1 and equal or less than 20 and assigns it to the variable 'x'.  
 
||Here, the command '''random 1,20''' selects a  number which is equal or greater than 1 and equal or less than 20 and assigns it to the variable 'x'.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 04:44
+
||04:44
 
||'''repeat''' command and the commands  within curly brackets draw a circle.
 
||'''repeat''' command and the commands  within curly brackets draw a circle.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 04:51
+
||04:51
 
||I will '''copy''' the code from text editor and '''paste''' it into '''KTurtle's''' editor.
 
||I will '''copy''' the code from text editor and '''paste''' it into '''KTurtle's''' editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 04:58
+
||04:58
 
||Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor.
 
||Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 05:03
+
||05:03
 
||Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
 
||Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 05:08
+
||05:08
 
||When we '''run''' this code,  
 
||When we '''run''' this code,  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 05:10
+
||05:10
 
||'''Turtle''' draws a  circle with radius  between 1 and 20  on the canvas.  
 
||'''Turtle''' draws a  circle with radius  between 1 and 20  on the canvas.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 05:16
+
||05:16
 
||Let us execute this code a few times.
 
||Let us execute this code a few times.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 05:20
+
||05:20
 
||You can see that a circle with a different size is generated each time.  
 
||You can see that a circle with a different size is generated each time.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 05:26
+
||05:26
 
||Every time you execute this code, a circle with a different radius is drawn on the canvas.  
 
||Every time you execute this code, a circle with a different radius is drawn on the canvas.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||05:33
 
||05:33
 
||Let us now use both  '''learn''' and '''random''' commands in an example.  
 
||Let us now use both  '''learn''' and '''random''' commands in an example.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 05:39
+
||05:39
 
||I will clear the current code from the editor. Type "clear" command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 
||I will clear the current code from the editor. Type "clear" command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 05:48
+
||05:48
 
||I already have a program in the Text-editor.
 
||I already have a program in the Text-editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 05:52
+
||05:52
 
||I will explain the code now.
 
||I will explain the code now.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||05:55
 
||05:55
 
||'''“reset”''' command sets Turtle to its default position.
 
||'''“reset”''' command sets Turtle to its default position.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 06:00  
+
||06:00  
 
||'''canvassize 300,300''' sets the width and height of the canvas to 300 pixels each.  
 
||'''canvassize 300,300''' sets the width and height of the canvas to 300 pixels each.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 06:09
+
||06:09
 
||'''$R, $G''' and '''$B''' are three variables to which I am assigning random values between 0 and 255.  
 
||'''$R, $G''' and '''$B''' are three variables to which I am assigning random values between 0 and 255.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 06:19
+
||06:19
 
||In the command '''canvascolor $R, $G''' and '''$B''',  
 
||In the command '''canvascolor $R, $G''' and '''$B''',  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 06:23
+
||06:23
 
||the Red-Green-Blue combination is replaced by the values assigned to the  variables 'R', 'G' and 'B' in the previous step.  
 
||the Red-Green-Blue combination is replaced by the values assigned to the  variables 'R', 'G' and 'B' in the previous step.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 06:34
+
||06:34
 
||The canvas color is randomly  set when this command is executed.  
 
||The canvas color is randomly  set when this command is executed.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 06:41
+
||06:41
 
||'''$red, $blue, $green''' are another set of variables  
 
||'''$red, $blue, $green''' are another set of variables  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 06:45
+
||06:45
 
||to which random values between 0 and 255 are assigned randomly.  
 
||to which random values between 0 and 255 are assigned randomly.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 06:53
+
||06:53
 
||'''pencolor  $red, $blue''' and '''$green''' the Red-Blue-Green combination values are replaced by the variables.  
 
||'''pencolor  $red, $blue''' and '''$green''' the Red-Blue-Green combination values are replaced by the variables.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 07:02
+
||07:02
−
|| '''$red''', '''$green''' and '''$blue''' to which random values were assigned in the previous step.  
+
||'''$red''', '''$green''' and '''$blue''' to which random values were assigned in the previous step.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 07:10
+
||07:10
 
||The color of the '''pen''' is also set randomly when the command is executed.  
 
||The color of the '''pen''' is also set randomly when the command is executed.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 07:18
+
||07:18
 
||'''penwidth 2''' sets the width of pen to 2 pixels.  
 
||'''penwidth 2''' sets the width of pen to 2 pixels.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||07:25
 
||07:25
−
|| Next, I have entered the code to learn to draw a circle.  
+
||Next, I have entered the code to learn to draw a circle.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 07:30
+
||07:30
 
||Here '''$x''' represents the size of the circle.  
 
||Here '''$x''' represents the size of the circle.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 07:35
+
||07:35
 
||'''repeat''' command followed by the code in curly brackets draws a circle.
 
||'''repeat''' command followed by the code in curly brackets draws a circle.
 +
 
|-       
 
|-       
−
|| 07:43
+
||07:43
 
||The next set of commands, that is,  '''go''' command followed by '''circle''' command draw circles with the specified sizes.  
 
||The next set of commands, that is,  '''go''' command followed by '''circle''' command draw circles with the specified sizes.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 07:54
+
||07:54
 
||For example: circle with size 5, draws a circle with size 5  
 
||For example: circle with size 5, draws a circle with size 5  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 08:01
+
||08:01
 
||at the co-ordinates specified at 'X' and 'Y' positions, in the '''go''' command.  
 
||at the co-ordinates specified at 'X' and 'Y' positions, in the '''go''' command.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 08:09
+
||08:09
 
||For each circle, I have specified different positions on the canvas.  
 
||For each circle, I have specified different positions on the canvas.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 08:16
+
||08:16
 
||I will copy the code from text-editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
 
||I will copy the code from text-editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 08:23
+
||08:23
 
||Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
 
||Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 08:29
+
||08:29
 
||Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
 
||Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 08:33
+
||08:33
 
||I will execute this code in''' Fullspeed'''.
 
||I will execute this code in''' Fullspeed'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 08:37
+
||08:37
 
||You can execute this code at any of the speeds specified in the ''' Run''' option.  
 
||You can execute this code at any of the speeds specified in the ''' Run''' option.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 08:43
+
||08:43
 
||I will '''run''' this code a few times.
 
||I will '''run''' this code a few times.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 08:46
+
||08:46
 
||You can see the difference in randomly set values of pen color and canvas color.  
 
||You can see the difference in randomly set values of pen color and canvas color.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 08:54
+
||08:54
 
||Note the change in the color of the '''pen''' and the '''canvas''' on each execution.  
 
||Note the change in the color of the '''pen''' and the '''canvas''' on each execution.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 09:01
+
||09:01
 
||You can execute the code how many ever times you want and note the changes  in the randomly set values of the '''pen''' and '''canvas'''.  
 
||You can execute the code how many ever times you want and note the changes  in the randomly set values of the '''pen''' and '''canvas'''.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||09:15
 
||09:15
 
||With this we come to the end of this tutorial.
 
||With this we come to the end of this tutorial.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 09:20
+
||09:20
 
||Let's summarize.
 
||Let's summarize.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||09:22
 
||09:22
 
||In this tutorial, we have learnt about: “learn” command  and “random” command.
 
||In this tutorial, we have learnt about: “learn” command  and “random” command.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||09:30
 
||09:30
Line 350: Line 392:
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 09:32
+
||09:32
 
||using  '''learn''' command- draw a  
 
||using  '''learn''' command- draw a  
 
pentagon
 
pentagon
Line 359: Line 401:
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 09:45
+
||09:45
−
|| a circle at the centre of the canvas.  
+
||a circle at the centre of the canvas.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 09:49
+
||09:49
−
|| Using the “random” command, create various colors and  
+
||Using the “random” command, create various colors and  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 09:55
+
||09:55
−
|| customize your geometric shapes and canvas.  
+
||customize your geometric shapes and canvas.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 10:00  
+
||10:00  
 
||Watch the video available at this URL:http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken-Tutorial
 
||Watch the video available at this URL:http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken-Tutorial
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 10:04
+
||10:04
 
||It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
 
||It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 10:08
+
||10:08
 
||If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.  
 
||If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 10:13
+
||10:13
 
||The Spoken Tutorial Project team :  
 
||The Spoken Tutorial Project team :  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 10:15
+
||10:15
 
||Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
 
||Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 10:19
+
||10:19
 
||Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.  
 
||Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 10:22
+
||10:22
 
||For more details, please write to: contact@spoken-tutorial.org  
 
||For more details, please write to: contact@spoken-tutorial.org  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 10:29
+
||10:29
 
||'''Spoken Tutorial''' project is a part of the '''Talk to a Teacher''' project.  
 
||'''Spoken Tutorial''' project is a part of the '''Talk to a Teacher''' project.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 10:33
+
||10:33
 
||It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
 
||It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 10:40
+
||10:40
 
||More information on this mission is available at this link: http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro   
 
||More information on this mission is available at this link: http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro   
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 10:46
+
||10:46
 
||This script is contributed by '''IT for change, Bangaluru.'''
 
||This script is contributed by '''IT for change, Bangaluru.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 10:50
+
||10:50
 
||This is Madhuri Ganpathi from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off. Thank you for joining.  
 
||This is Madhuri Ganpathi from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off. Thank you for joining.  
 
|-
 
|-

Latest revision as of 17:31, 24 March 2017

Time Narration
00:01 Hello everybody. Welcome to this tutorial on Special Commands in KTurtle.
00:08 In this tutorial, we will learn about:

“learn” command and “random” command.

00:15 To record this tutorial, I am using:

Ubuntu Linux OS version 12.04 KTurtle version 0.8.1 beta.

00:28 We assume that you have basic working knowledge of 'KTurtle'.
00:33 If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website:http://spoken-tutorial.org
00:39 Let's open a new KTurtle Application.
00:42 Click on Dash home.
00:44 In the Search bar, type: "kturtle".
00:47 Click on the KTurtle icon.
00:50 Let's first look at learn command.
00:53 learn is a special command as it is used to create your own commands.
01:01 learn command takes input and returns output.
01:05 Let's take a look at how a new command is created.
01:10 Let me zoom the program text to have a clear view.
01:14 Let's type a code in the editor to draw a square:
01:19 repeat 4 within curly brackets

{ forward 10 turnleft 90 }

01:31 Here, the number 10 specifies the length of the side of the square.
01:37 Now, let's learn the commands involved to draw a square, using the learn command.
01:45 We will name this set of commands, to draw a square, as square.
01:50 The command 'learn' is followed by the name of the command to be learnt. In this case, it is "square".
01:59 Let us type the following code:
02:02 learn space square space $x.
02:10 Let's include curly brackets.
02:13 Let's replace 10 by $x.
02:19 New command that we have defined is called square.
02:23 square takes one input argument, $x, to set the size of the square.
02:31 Note that when you run this code, square returns no output.
02:37 The command learn is just 'learning' other command square, to be used later.
02:43 square command can now be used like a normal command in the rest of the code.
02:51 Let me add few more lines here.
02:54 Let's type: go 200,200 square 100
03:04 Using the command square 100, Turtle draws a square of dimension 100.
03:11 Let's Run the code now.
03:13 Turtle draws a square on the canvas.
03:17 Let's now replace 100 by 50.
03:22 Let's run again,Turtle draws another square with dimension 50.
03:28 Please note that this command can be used only within the scope of this program.
03:35 I will clear the current code from editor.
03:38 Type "clear" command and Run to clean the canvas.
03:44 Next, we will learn about “random” command.
03:48 random command takes input and returns output.
03:52 Syntax for the random command is: “random X,Y”
03:57 where X and Y are two inputs.
04:01 X sets minimum output and Y sets maximum output.
04:07 Output is randomly chosen number between X and Y.
04:13 Let's put the “random” command to use in the application.
04:18 I already have a code in a text-editor.
04:22 I will explain the code now.
04:24 “reset” command sets Turtle to default position.
04:29 Here, the command random 1,20 selects a number which is equal or greater than 1 and equal or less than 20 and assigns it to the variable 'x'.
04:44 repeat command and the commands within curly brackets draw a circle.
04:51 I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
04:58 Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
05:03 Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
05:08 When we run this code,
05:10 Turtle draws a circle with radius between 1 and 20 on the canvas.
05:16 Let us execute this code a few times.
05:20 You can see that a circle with a different size is generated each time.
05:26 Every time you execute this code, a circle with a different radius is drawn on the canvas.
05:33 Let us now use both learn and random commands in an example.
05:39 I will clear the current code from the editor. Type "clear" command and Run to clean the canvas.
05:48 I already have a program in the Text-editor.
05:52 I will explain the code now.
05:55 “reset” command sets Turtle to its default position.
06:00 canvassize 300,300 sets the width and height of the canvas to 300 pixels each.
06:09 $R, $G and $B are three variables to which I am assigning random values between 0 and 255.
06:19 In the command canvascolor $R, $G and $B,
06:23 the Red-Green-Blue combination is replaced by the values assigned to the variables 'R', 'G' and 'B' in the previous step.
06:34 The canvas color is randomly set when this command is executed.
06:41 $red, $blue, $green are another set of variables
06:45 to which random values between 0 and 255 are assigned randomly.
06:53 pencolor $red, $blue and $green the Red-Blue-Green combination values are replaced by the variables.
07:02 $red, $green and $blue to which random values were assigned in the previous step.
07:10 The color of the pen is also set randomly when the command is executed.
07:18 penwidth 2 sets the width of pen to 2 pixels.
07:25 Next, I have entered the code to learn to draw a circle.
07:30 Here $x represents the size of the circle.
07:35 repeat command followed by the code in curly brackets draws a circle.
07:43 The next set of commands, that is, go command followed by circle command draw circles with the specified sizes.
07:54 For example: circle with size 5, draws a circle with size 5
08:01 at the co-ordinates specified at 'X' and 'Y' positions, in the go command.
08:09 For each circle, I have specified different positions on the canvas.
08:16 I will copy the code from text-editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
08:23 Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
08:29 Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
08:33 I will execute this code in Fullspeed.
08:37 You can execute this code at any of the speeds specified in the Run option.
08:43 I will run this code a few times.
08:46 You can see the difference in randomly set values of pen color and canvas color.
08:54 Note the change in the color of the pen and the canvas on each execution.
09:01 You can execute the code how many ever times you want and note the changes in the randomly set values of the pen and canvas.
09:15 With this we come to the end of this tutorial.
09:20 Let's summarize.
09:22 In this tutorial, we have learnt about: “learn” command and “random” command.
09:30 As an assignment for you to solve,
09:32 using learn command- draw a

pentagon square rectangle hexagon on all four corners of your canvas and

09:45 a circle at the centre of the canvas.
09:49 Using the “random” command, create various colors and
09:55 customize your geometric shapes and canvas.
10:00 Watch the video available at this URL:http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken-Tutorial
10:04 It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
10:08 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
10:13 The Spoken Tutorial Project team :
10:15 Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
10:19 Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
10:22 For more details, please write to: contact@spoken-tutorial.org
10:29 Spoken Tutorial project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
10:33 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
10:40 More information on this mission is available at this link: http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro
10:46 This script is contributed by IT for change, Bangaluru.
10:50 This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay, signing off. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Krupali, Madhurig, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Pravin1389, Sandhya.np14, Sneha

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