Difference between revisions of "LaTeX/C2/Mathematical-Typesetting/English"

My name is Kannan Moudgalya.

Learning Objectives

In particular,

• How to get into and leave from the mathematical mode
• The role of spaces and creating them
• Mathematical symbols
• Finally, A M S math package and its use in creating matrices

System Requirements

I am using Ubuntu, TeXworks, and LaTeX.

Prerequisites

• Basic spoken tutorials on LaTeX.
• Exposure to the side-by-side tutorial.
• All are available from our website.

Learning material used in this tutorial

• I shall use the file maths.tex
• It is available as a code file, in our web page, where you found this tutorial
• In the same location, you will find this pdf file from the TeX user group, India
• We shall use it when we do assignments

Please download this file and practise along with me.

This command removes the paragraph indent.

We will study the effect of this statement through an assignment.

$\alpha$

Let us begin with alpha.

We write $ back slash alpha $.

The first dollar says that we are getting into the mathematical mode.

The second dollar says that we are leaving this mode.

But you have to do exactly what you see on the screen.

How do we generate alpha a?

That is, the product of alpha and a.

Let us try alpha a.

It says that it does not understand this command.

Let us leave a space after alpha.

Let us recompile.

This has solved the problem.

As it is used to terminate a command, the space does not appear in pdf.

We have to explicitly tell LaTeX, as we do now.

Append $\alpha \ a$

Let us ask LaTeX to start a new line.

Let us write alpha backslash space a.

This has created a space.

Compile

If you want more space, use quad, as we do now.

Compile it.

You can see that quad has left a large space.

Compile.

Let’s compile.

Compile.

To understand this, let us write “Product of $\alpha and a is”.

Compile.

Compile.

Compile.

Not keeping the font of variables identical is a common mistake.

Let’s compile.

Compile

Suppose that we want to create minus alpha.

Let’s compile.

Notice that the minus sign appears as a small dash here.

Compile

Let us compile again.

The second one is what we need.

This dash is not to be used.

Not putting the minus sign within dollars is a common mistake made by beginners.

Compile

Let’s compile.

The command 'frac' is terminated by a space.

It looks for two arguments.

The first character 'a' is taken as the first argument.

It becomes the numerator.

The second character 'b' is taken as the second argument.

It becomes the denominator.

Notice that the size of a and b gets reduced automatically.

What do we do if we have longer characters?

I want you to try this.

Compile

For example, let us put braces here.

When we compile THIS, we get the desired output.

All the entries within the braces are taken as a single argument.

As a result, one can enter any complicated expression within braces.

The size of 'a' gets automatically reduced to an appropriate level.

You have to use braces.

Try it yourself.

For example, if you want to create 'x' to the power 3, you will write: x up arrow 3.

Let us put x sub a superscript b.

Once again, using braces, we can produce complicated subscripts and superscripts.

\usepackage{amsmath}

The package a m s math has some matrix definitions that I like.

Let us include it through the usepackage command.

a & b

\end{matrix}$

Let us create a matrix now.

We write begin matrix.

a and b, end matrix

Don’t forget the dollar signs.

c & d & e

We put two back slashes, meaning, go to the next line.

Suppose that we want three entries in the second row, say, c, d, e.

Compile and get this.

It is now time for YOU to start exploring.

Summary

Entering and leaving the mathematical mode

Using spaces and creating them

Fractions, subscripts and superscripts

Defining an argument with braces

amsmath package to create matrices

Please pause the video, read the slide and do the assignment.

Highlight chap11-prn.pdf

Show this file (cont. mode)

Go back to the slides

This is based on the TUG India LaTeX guide.

Let us see that document now.

I already asked you to download this document from our web page.

You will reproduce some symbols given in this document.

If you do not have good bandwidth, you may download and watch it.

Give certificates.

Please contact us.

• Please visit this site.
• Choose the minute and second where you have the question.
• Explain your question briefly.
• Someone from our team will answer them.

• Please do not post unrelated and general questions.
• This will help reduce the clutter.
• With less clutter, we can use these discussions as instructional material.

• This is a great place to get answers on LaTeX.
• You may also have questions on our workshops, certificates, etc.
• For this, get in touch with us at this email address.

Goodbye.