Difference between revisions of "Biopython/C2/Introduction-to-Biopython/English-timed"

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(Created page with " {| Border=1 ! <center>Time</center> ! <center>Narration</center> |- | 00:01 |Welcome to this tutorial on '''Introduction to Biopython''' |- | 00:05 |In this tutorial, we w...")
 
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|Welcome to this tutorial on '''Introduction to Biopython'''
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|Welcome to this tutorial on '''Introduction to Biopython'''.
  
 
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|In this tutorial, we will learn about important features of '''Biopython'''.
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|In this tutorial, we will learn about: *important features of '''Biopython'''
  
 
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|Information regarding download and installation on Linux Operating System.
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|* Information regarding download and installation on Linux Operating System
  
 
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|And '''translation''' of a DNA sequence to a protein sequence using '''Biopython''' tools.
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|* And, '''translation''' of a DNA sequence to a protein sequence using '''Biopython''' tools.
  
 
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|To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with,
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|To follow this tutorial, you should be familiar with-
  
 
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|Undergraduate Biochemistry or Bioinformatics
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|* Undergraduate Biochemistry or Bioinformatics
  
 
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|And basic''' Python''' programming  
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|* And basic''' Python''' programming.
  
 
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|To record this tutorial I am using '''Ubuntu''' OS version 12.04
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|To record this tutorial, I am using: * '''Ubuntu OS''' version 12.04
  
 
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|'''Python''' version 2.7.3
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|* '''Python''' version 2.7.3
  
 
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|'''Ipython''' version 0.12.1 and
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|* '''Ipython''' version 0.12.1 and
  
 
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|'''Biopython''' version 1.58
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|* '''Biopython''' version 1.58.
 
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| '''Parsing''' that is extracting information from various file formats such as '''FASTA''', '''Genbank''' etc.
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|* '''Parsing''', that is extracting information from various file formats such as '''FASTA''', '''Genbank''' etc.
  
 
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|  01:14
 
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| Download data from database websites such as '''NCBI''', '''ExPASY''' etc
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|* Download data from database websites such as '''NCBI''', '''ExPASY''' etc.
  
 
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| Run '''Bioinformatic''' algorithms such as '''BLAST'''
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|* '''Run''' '''Bioinformatic algorithm'''s such as '''BLAST'''.
  
 
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| For example to obtain '''complements''', '''transcription''',''' translation''' etc.  
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| For example- to obtain '''complements''', '''transcription''',''' translation''' etc.  
  
 
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| Code for dealing with alignments.
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| Code for dealing with alignments  
  
 
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| And code to split up tasks into separate processes.  
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| and code to split up tasks into separate processes.  
  
 
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|Information regarding download.
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|Information regarding download:
  
 
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| For details refer the following link
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| For details, refer the following link.
  
 
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|Installation on '''Linux''' system.
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|Installation on '''Linux''' system:
  
 
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| Additional packages must be installed for graphic outputs and plots.  
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| Additional packages must be installed for '''graphic output'''s and '''plot'''s.  
  
 
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| Open the terminal by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt''' and '''T''' keys simultaneously.
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| Open the '''terminal''' by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt''' and '''T''' keys simultaneously.
  
 
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|To check the installation of '''Biopython''', at the prompt type: '''import Bio'''  press '''Enter'''.
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|To check the installation of '''Biopython'''- at the prompt, type: '''import Bio'''  press '''Enter'''.
  
 
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| Here let me remind you, '''Python''' language is case sensitive.
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| Here, let me remind you, '''Python''' language is case sensitive.
  
 
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| Take precaution while typing keywords, variables or functions.
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| Take precaution while typing keywords, variables or '''function'''s.
  
 
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|First create a '''sequence object''' for coding '''DNA''' strand.
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|First, create a '''sequence object''' for coding '''DNA''' strand.
  
 
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|Next '''transcription''' of coding '''DNA''' strand to '''mRNA'''.
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|Next, '''transcription''' of coding '''DNA''' strand to '''mRNA'''.
  
 
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| Finally''' translation''' of '''mRNA''' to a '''protein''' sequence.
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| Finally,''' translation''' of '''mRNA''' to a '''protein''' sequence.
  
 
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| At the prompt, type '''from Bio dot Seq import Seq ''' press '''Enter'''.
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| At the prompt, type: '''from Bio dot Seq import Seq ''' press '''Enter'''.
  
 
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|To do so we will use '''IUPAC '''module from '''Alphabet '''package.  
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|To do so, we will use '''IUPAC '''module from '''Alphabet '''package.  
  
 
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| At the prompt, type:'''from Bio dot Alphabet import IUPAC'''.  Press '''Enter'''.
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| At the prompt, type: '''from Bio dot Alphabet import IUPAC'''.  Press '''Enter'''.
  
 
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| Note that, we have used import and from statements to load Seq and '''IUPAC''' modules.
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| Note that, we have used '''import''' and '''from''' statements to '''load''' "Seq" and '''IUPAC''' modules.
  
 
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| At the prompt, type: '''cdna equal to Seq''' as in normal strings.
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| At the prompt, type: '''cdna equal to Seq''' as in normal '''string'''s.
  
 
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| We know our sequence is a '''DNA''' fragment. So, type: '''unambiguous DNA alphabet object''' as an argument.
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| We know our sequence is a '''DNA''' fragment. So, type: '''unambiguous DNA alphabet object''' as an '''argument'''.
  
 
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| For the output type: '''cdna''';  press '''Enter'''
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| For the output, type: '''cdna''';  press '''Enter'''.
  
 
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| The output shows the DNA sequence as a sequence object.
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| The output shows the '''DNA sequence''' as a sequence object.
  
 
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| We will use the Seq module's built-in '''“transcribe”''' method.
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| We will use the '''Seq''' module's built-in '''“transcribe”''' method.
  
 
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| At the prompt type,'''mrna equal to cdna dot transcribe open and close parentheses''' press '''Enter'''.
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| At the prompt, type: '''mrna equal to cdna dot transcribe open and close parentheses''', press '''Enter'''.
  
 
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| For the output, type''' mrna.''' Press '''Enter'''.
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| For the output, type: ''' mrna.''' Press '''Enter'''.
  
 
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|Next, to translate this '''mRNA''' to corresponding '''protein''' sequence, use the '''translate''' method.
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|Next, to '''translate''' this '''mRNA''' to corresponding '''protein''' sequence, use the '''translate''' method.
  
 
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| The translate method translates '''RNA''' or '''DNA''' sequence using the standard genetic code, if unspecified.
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| The '''translate''' method translates '''RNA''' or '''DNA''' sequence using the standard genetic code, if unspecified.
  
 
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| Observe the asterix at the end of the '''protein''' sequence. It indicates the '''stop codon'''.  
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| Observe the asterisk at the end of the '''protein''' sequence. It indicates the '''stop codon'''.  
  
 
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|However in real biological systems the process of '''transcription''' starts with a '''template strand'''.
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|However, in real biological systems, the process of '''transcription''' starts with a '''template strand'''.
  
 
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|If you are starting with a''' template strand''', convert it to coding strand by using '''reverse complement method''', as shown on the '''terminal'''.
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|If you are starting with a''' template strand''', convert it to coding strand by using '''reverse complement method''', as shown on the terminal.
  
 
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|In this tutorial we have learnt
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|In this tutorial, we have learnt:
  
 
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|Important features of '''Biopython'''.
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|* Important features of '''Biopython'''.
  
 
|-
 
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| 07:43
 
| 07:43
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|Information regarding download and installation on '''Linux OS'''.
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|* Information regarding download and installation on '''Linux OS'''.
  
 
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| 07:48
 
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|Create a sequence object for the given '''DNA''' strand.
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|* Create a sequence object for the given '''DNA''' strand.
  
 
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|'''Transcription''' of the '''DNA''' sequence to '''mRNA'''.
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|* '''Transcription''' of the '''DNA''' sequence to '''mRNA'''.
  
 
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|'''Translation''' of '''mRNA''' to '''protein''' sequence.
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|* '''Translation''' of '''mRNA''' to '''protein''' sequence.
  
 
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|Now for the assignment.
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|Now for the assignment-
  
 
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|Notice that, we have used ''''to underscore stop'''' argument in the '''translate method.''' Notice the output.
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|Notice that we have used ''''to underscore stop'''' argument in the '''translate method.''' Notice the output.
 
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|The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops and gives certificates for those who pass an online test.  
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|The Spoken Tutorial Project team conducts workshops and gives certificates for those who pass an online test.  
  
 
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|More information on this Mission is available at this link.  
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|More information on this mission is available at this link.  
  
 
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| 09:03
 
| 09:03
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|This is Snehalatha from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining.  
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|This is Snehalatha from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off. Thank you for joining.  
  
 
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Revision as of 17:51, 1 August 2016

Time
Narration
00:01 Welcome to this tutorial on Introduction to Biopython.
00:05 In this tutorial, we will learn about: *important features of Biopython
00:10 * Information regarding download and installation on Linux Operating System
00:15 * And, translation of a DNA sequence to a protein sequence using Biopython tools.
00:22 To follow this tutorial, you should be familiar with-
00:25 * Undergraduate Biochemistry or Bioinformatics
00:29 * And basic Python programming.
00:31 Refer to the Python tutorials at the given link.
00:35 To record this tutorial, I am using: * Ubuntu OS version 12.04
00:41 * Python version 2.7.3
00:44 * Ipython version 0.12.1 and
00:48 * Biopython version 1.58.
00:51 Biopython is a collection of modules for computational biology.
00:57 It can perform most basic to advanced tasks required for bioinformatics.
01:03 Biopython tools are used for:
01:05 * Parsing, that is extracting information from various file formats such as FASTA, Genbank etc.
01:14 * Download data from database websites such as NCBI, ExPASY etc.
01:22 * Run Bioinformatic algorithms such as BLAST.
01:26 It has tools for performing common operations on sequences.
01:31 For example- to obtain complements, transcription, translation etc.
01:38 Code for dealing with alignments
01:40 and code to split up tasks into separate processes.
01:46 Information regarding download:
01:48 Biopython package is not part of the Python distribution, it needs to be downloaded independently.
01:54 For details, refer the following link.
01:59 Installation on Linux system:
02:02 Install Python, Ipython and Biopython packages using Synaptic Package Manager.
02:08 Prerequisite software will be installed automatically.
02:13 Additional packages must be installed for graphic outputs and plots.
02:18 Open the terminal by pressing Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously.
02:24 I have already installed Python, Ipython and Biopython on my system.
02:30 Start Ipython interpreter by typing ipython and press Enter.
02:35 IPython prompt appears on screen.
02:38 To check the installation of Biopython- at the prompt, type: import Bio press Enter.
02:48 If you don't get any error message, it means Biopython is installed.
02:54 Here, let me remind you, Python language is case sensitive.
02:59 Take precaution while typing keywords, variables or functions.
03:04 For instance, in the above line “i” in import is lowercase and “B” is uppercase in Bio.
03:12 In this tutorial, we will make use of Biopython modules to translate a DNA sequence.
03:19 It involves the following steps.
03:22 First, create a sequence object for coding DNA strand.
03:27 Next, transcription of coding DNA strand to mRNA.
03:32 Finally, translation of mRNA to a protein sequence.
03:37 We will be using the coding DNA strand shown on this slide, as an example.
03:42 It codes for a small protein sequence.
03:46 The first step is to create a sequence object for the above coding DNA strand.
03:52 Let us go back to the terminal.
03:55 For creating a sequence object, import the Seq module from Bio package.
04:02 The Seq module provides methods to store and process sequence objects.
04:08 At the prompt, type: from Bio dot Seq import Seq press Enter.
04:17 Next, specify the alphabets in the strand explicitly, when creating your sequence object.
04:24 That is to specify whether the sequence of alphabets code for nucleotides or amino acids.
04:32 To do so, we will use IUPAC module from Alphabet package.
04:38 At the prompt, type: from Bio dot Alphabet import IUPAC. Press Enter.
04:48 Note that, we have used import and from statements to load "Seq" and IUPAC modules.
04:56 Store the sequence object in a variable called cdna.
05:01 At the prompt, type: cdna equal to Seq as in normal strings.
05:08 Enclose the sequence within double quotes and parentheses.
05:13 We know our sequence is a DNA fragment. So, type: unambiguous DNA alphabet object as an argument.
05:21 For the output, type: cdna; press Enter.
05:26 The output shows the DNA sequence as a sequence object.
05:30 Let’s transcribe the coding DNA strand into the corresponding mRNA.
05:35 We will use the Seq module's built-in “transcribe” method.
05:39 Type the following code:
05:41 Store the output in a variable mrna.
05:45 At the prompt, type: mrna equal to cdna dot transcribe open and close parentheses, press Enter.
05:55 For the output, type: mrna. Press Enter.
06:01 Observe the output.
06:02 The transcribe method replaces the Thiamin in the DNA sequence by Uracil.
06:09 Next, to translate this mRNA to corresponding protein sequence, use the translate method.
06:16 Type the following code: protein equal to mrna dot translate open and close parentheses. Press Enter.
06:27 The translate method translates RNA or DNA sequence using the standard genetic code, if unspecified.
06:36 The output shows an amino acid sequence.
06:40 The output also shows information regarding the presence of stop codons in the translated sequence.
06:47 Observe the asterisk at the end of the protein sequence. It indicates the stop codon.
06:53 In the above code, we have used a coding DNA strand for transcription.
06:59 In Biopython, transcribe method works only on coding DNA strand.
07:04 However, in real biological systems, the process of transcription starts with a template strand.
07:11 If you are starting with a template strand, convert it to coding strand by using reverse complement method, as shown on the terminal.
07:20 Follow the rest of the code as shown above, for the coding strand.
07:24 Using methods in Biopython we have translated a DNA sequence to a protein sequence.
07:31 DNA sequence of any size can be translated to a protein sequence using this code.
07:37 Let's summarize.
07:38 In this tutorial, we have learnt:
07:41 * Important features of Biopython.
07:43 * Information regarding download and installation on Linux OS.
07:48 * Create a sequence object for the given DNA strand.
07:52 * Transcription of the DNA sequence to mRNA.
07:56 * Translation of mRNA to protein sequence.
08:00 Now for the assignment-
08:02 Translate the given DNA sequence into protein sequence.
08:06 Observe the output.
08:08 The protein sequence has an internal stop codon.
08:11 As it happens in nature, translate the DNA till first in frame stop codon.
08:17 Your completed assignment should have the following code.
08:20 Notice that we have used 'to underscore stop' argument in the translate method. Notice the output.
08:27 The stop codon itself is not translated.
08:31 The stop symbol is not included at the end of your protein sequence.
08:36 This video summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
08:39 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
08:43 The Spoken Tutorial Project team conducts workshops and gives certificates for those who pass an online test.
08:50 For more details, please write to us.
08:53 Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
08:59 More information on this mission is available at this link.
09:03 This is Snehalatha from IIT Bombay, signing off. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

PoojaMoolya, Sandhya.np14

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