Difference between revisions of "Ruby/C2/Ruby-Methods/English-timed"

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|-
 
|-
 
|  00:01
 
|  00:01
| Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on '''Ruby Methods'''.
+
| Welcome to the '''Spoken Tutorial''' on '''Ruby Methods'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 00:05
 
| 00:05
|  In this tutorial we will learn
+
|  In this tutorial, we will learn:
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 00:07
 
| 00:07
| What is a '''method''' ?
+
|* What is a '''method''' ?
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 00:09
 
| 00:09
| Syntax for '''method''' and
+
|* Syntax for '''method''' and
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 00:11
 
| 00:11
| We will see Some examples
+
| We will see some examples.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  00:13
 
|  00:13
|  Here we are using ''Ubuntu Linux '''version 12.04 '''Ruby''' 1.9.3
+
|  Here, we are using:
 +
* '''Ubuntu Linux '''version '''12.04'''
 +
* '''Ruby 1.9.3'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  00:21
 
|  00:21
| To follow this tutorial you must have knowledge of using '''Terminal '''and '''Text editor '''in '''Linux'''.  
+
| To follow this tutorial, you must have knowledge of using '''Terminal '''and '''Text editor '''in '''Linux'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 00:31
 
| 00:31
|A '''Method''' is a self-contained program executing a specific task.  
+
|A '''method''' is a self-contained program executing a specific task.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 00:37
 
| 00:37
|'''Ruby method''' is very similar to functions in any other programming language.
+
|'''Ruby method''' is very similar to '''function'''s in any other programming language.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  00:42
 
|  00:42
| '''Method''' name should begin with a lowercase letter.
+
| '''method''' name should begin with a lowercase letter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 00:45
 
| 00:45
|'''Methods''' should be defined before calling them.
+
|'''method'''s should be defined before calling them.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  00:49
 
|  00:49
|  Let us see the syntax for '''Method'''
+
|  Let us see the syntax for '''method'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 00:52  
 
| 00:52  
|'''Methods '''are defined using the keyword '''def''' followed by the '''method''' name.
+
|'''method'''s are defined using the keyword '''"def"''' followed by the '''method''' name.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 01:02
 
| 01:02
| '''ruby code''' section represents the body of the  '''method''' that performs the processing.'' ''
+
| '''ruby code''' section represents the body of the  '''method''' that performs the processing.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 01:09
 
| 01:09
|The '''method''' body is enclosed by this definition on the top and the word '''end''' on the bottom
+
|The '''method''' body is enclosed by this definition on the top and the word '''"end"''' on the bottom.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 01:16
 
| 01:16
|This is called as method with arguments.
+
|This is called as '''method''' with '''argument'''s.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  01:19
 
|  01:19
|  Another syntax for method is
+
|  Another syntax for method is-
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 01:23
 
| 01:23
|The keyword '''def '''followed by the '''method name''' and an empty argument list
+
|the keyword "def" followed by the '''method name''' and an empty '''argument list'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 01:28
 
| 01:28
| '''ruby code''' section  that represents the body of the '''method''' .'' ''
+
| '''ruby code''' section  that represents the body of the '''method'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 01:32
 
| 01:32
|And the word end that marks end of method
+
|And the word "end" that marks the end of '''method'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 01:39
 
| 01:39
|  Let's see how to use a method.
+
|  Let's see how to use a '''method'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  01:48
 
|  01:48
|  Please note that our filename is '''method hyphen without hyphen argument dot rb'''
+
|  Please note that our filename is '''method hyphen without hyphen argument dot rb'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  01:59
 
|  01:59
|  In this program we will calculate the sum of two numbers using '''method'''.
+
|  In this program, we will calculate the sum of two numbers using '''method'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  02:05
 
|  02:05
| Here we have declared a global variable '''a.'''
+
| Here we have declared a global variable 'a'.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 02:13
 
| 02:13
|Global variable names are prefixed with a''' dollar sign ($)'''.
+
|Global variable names are prefixed with a dollar sign ($).
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  02:17
 
|  02:17
|  Global variables are accessible from anywhere in the '''Ruby''' program; regardless of where they are declared.
+
|  Global variables are accessible from anywhere in the Ruby program, regardless of where they are declared.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  02:38
 
|  02:38
| '''gets method''' gets  the  input from the console but in a  '''string '''format.
+
| ''''gets' method''' gets  the  input from the console but in a  '''string '''format.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  02:50
 
|  02:50
|  The converted value is  then stored in the variable '''b .''' '''b '''is a local variable.
+
|  The converted value is  then stored in the variable 'b'. 'b' is a local variable.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  03:01
 
|  03:01
| Here we add the values of global variable '''a '''and variable '''b.'''
+
| Here we add the values of global variable 'a' and variable 'b'.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 03:13
 
| 03:13
|  This shows a way of inserting a variable within a string.
+
|  This shows a way of inserting a variable within a '''string'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 03:18
 
| 03:18
|Here the content of '''sum''' is returned as a '''string''' and is substituted into the outer '''string'''.
+
|Here, the content of '''sum''' is returned as a '''string''' and is substituted into the outer '''string'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  03:42
 
|  03:42
|  Here we call our '''add '''method.
+
|  Here, we call our '''add '''method.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 03:50
 
| 03:50
|  Now let us click on the  '''Save. ''' button.
+
|  Now, let us click on the  '''Save''' button.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 03:59
 
| 03:59
|Now let us execute the program.
+
|Now, let us '''execute''' the program.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 04:02
 
| 04:02
|  Open the terminal by pressing the '''Ctrl, Alt and T '''keys simultaneously.  
+
|  Open the '''terminal''' by pressing the '''Ctrl, Alt''' and '''T '''keys simultaneously.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 04:07
 
| 04:07
|A terminal window appears on your screen.
+
|A terminal window appears on your screen.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  04:11
 
|  04:11
|  To execute the program, we need to go to the subdirectory '''rubyprogram'''.
+
|  To execute the program, we need to go to the sub-directory '''rubyprogram'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  04:16
 
|  04:16
|  So let's type '''cd'' '''''space'' '''''Desktop/rubyprogram'' '''''and press '''Enter.'''
+
|  So, let's type: '''cd''' ''space'' '''Desktop/rubyprogram''' and press '''Enter.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  04:26
 
|  04:26
|  Now Type '''ruby '''space '''method hyphen without hyphen argument dot rb''' and press '''Enter'''
+
|  Now, type: '''ruby''' ''space'' '''method''' hyphen '''without''' hyphen '''argument dot rb''' and press '''Enter'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  04:40
 
|  04:40
|  '''Enter the second number '''is displayed.
+
|  '''"Enter the second number" '''is displayed.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 04:44
 
| 04:44
|I will enter value as '''4.''' type 4 and press enter
+
|I will enter the value as '''4.''' Type 4 and press '''Enter'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  04:48
 
|  04:48
|  We get the output as -  '''Sum of two numbers 5 and 4 is 9'''
+
|  We get the output as -  '''"Sum of two numbers 5 and 4 is 9"'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  04:53
 
|  04:53
|  Now let us see an example of '''method''' with arguments.  
+
|  Now, let us see an example of '''method''' with '''argument'''s.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  05:03
 
|  05:03
|  Please note that our filename is '''method hyphen with hyphen argument dot rb'''
+
|  Please note that our filename is '''method hyphen with hyphen argument dot rb'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 279: Line 281:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 05:18
 
| 05:18
|  Here we have declared a '''method''' called '''add.'''  '''a,b''' are the arguments of the '''method add. '''
+
|  Here we have declared a '''method''' called '''add.'''  'a', 'b' are the arguments of the '''method 'add'.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:26
 
|  05:26
|  Here the values of '''a''' and '''b''' are added.
+
|  Here the values of 'a' and 'b' are added.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 05:29
 
| 05:29
|And the sum is returned to the '''method '''call.
+
|And the sum is returned to the '''method call'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  05:35
 
|  05:35
|  Here we are asking the user for input.  
+
|  Here, we are asking the user for input.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 05:38
 
| 05:38
|User will enter the values of a and b.  
+
|User will enter the values of 'a' and 'b'.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 05:41
 
| 05:41
|The values will be stored in variable '''a''' and '''b, '''respectively.
+
|The values will be stored in variable 'a' and 'b', respectively.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:46
 
|  05:46
|  Here we call the  '''add''' '''method'''
+
|  Here, we call the  '''add''' '''method'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 05:49
 
| 05:49
|Then we pass the arguments as '''a''' and '''b.'''
+
|Then we pass the arguments as 'a' and 'b.'
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:52
 
|  05:52
|  The value returned by the '''method add''' ,''' '''after performing the addition operation will be stored in '''c.'''
+
|  The value returned by the '''method 'add'''', after performing the addition operation, will be stored in 'c'.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:59
 
|  05:59
|  Here we print the sum which is store in '''c'''.
+
|  Here, we print the sum which is store in 'c'.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:03
 
| 06:03
| Lets execute this code. Go to the terminal.
+
| Let's '''execute''' this code. Go to the terminal.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:07
 
| 06:07
|Let us first clear the terminal.  Type''' clear''' and press enter
+
|Let us first clear the terminal.  Type''' clear''' and press '''Enter'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:14
 
| 06:14
| We are already in the subdirectory '''rubyprogram.'''
+
| We are already in the sub-directory '''rubyprogram.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:17
 
| 06:17
|  Now, press the up arrow key twice to get the previous command.
+
|  Now, press the up-arrow key twice to get the previous command.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:22
 
| 06:22
|Replace '''method hyphen without hyphen arguments dot rb''' with '''method hyphen with hyphen arguments dot rb '''
+
|Replace '''method hyphen without hyphen arguments dot rb''' with '''method hyphen with hyphen arguments dot rb'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:32
 
| 06:32
| And Press''' Enter'''
+
| And press''' Enter'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:35
 
| 06:35
|  '''Enter the values of a and b '''is displayed.
+
|  '''"Enter the values of a and b" '''is displayed.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 06:41
 
| 06:41
|Type 8 and press Enter
+
|Type 8 and press '''Enter'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:43
 
| 06:43
|Type 9 and press Enter
+
|Type 9 and press '''Enter'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 06:47
 
| 06:47
|'''Sum of two numbers 8 and 9 is 17.'''
+
|'''"Sum of two numbers 8 and 9 is 17".'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:52
 
| 06:52
|Now I will show you one important feature of '''Ruby''' '''method.'''
+
|Now, I will show you one important feature of Ruby '''method.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 07:05
 
| 07:05
| Let's execute the code.Go to the terminal.
+
| Let's execute the code. Go to the terminal.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|07:09
 
|07:09
| Press the up arrow key to get the previous command and  Press''' Enter.'''
+
| Press the up-arrow key to get the previous command and  Press''' Enter.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 07:14
 
| 07:14
|''Enter the values of a and b '''is displayed.  
+
|'''"Enter the values of a and b" '''is displayed.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 07:21
 
| 07:21
|Type 10,  press Enter Type 15 and press Enter
+
|Type 10,  press '''Enter'''. Type 15 and press '''Enter'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 07:29
 
| 07:29
|'''Sum of two numbers 10 and 15 is 25. '''
+
|'''"Sum of two numbers 10 and 15 is 25". '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  07:33
 
|  07:33
|  We can see that the program is executed without any error, even after deleting the keyword '''return.'''
+
|  We can see that the program is executed without any '''error''', even after deleting the keyword '''return.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 07:40
 
| 07:40
|  This is because '''Ruby '''automatically returns the value calculated in the '''method.'''
+
|  This is because Ruby automatically returns the value calculated in the '''method.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 07:46
 
| 07:46
|The keyword '''return''' in '''method''' is optional in '''Ruby.'''
+
|The keyword '''return''' in '''method''' is optional in Ruby.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 07:53
 
| 07:53
| Let us switch back to slides
+
| Let us switch back to '''slide'''s.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 07:55
 
| 07:55
|Let us summarize
+
|Let us summarize.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 07:57
 
| 07:57
|In this tutorial we have learnt
+
|In this tutorial, we have learnt:
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 07:59
 
| 07:59
|About '''Methods'''
+
|* About '''Methods'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 08:01
 
| 08:01
| Syntax  for '''Method''' without arguments
+
|* Syntax  for '''Method''' without arguments
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 08:04
 
| 08:04
|And '''Method''' with arguments
+
|* And '''Method''' with arguments
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 08:06
 
| 08:06
| Returning value from '''method'''  
+
|* Returning value from '''method'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  08:08
 
|  08:08
|  As an assignment
+
|  As an assignment,
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 08:10
 
| 08:10
|Write a program,to calculate area of a square  
+
|write a program to calculate area of a square  
 
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 08:14
 
| 08:14
| by getting the input from user  
+
| by getting the input from user.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 08:20
 
| 08:20
|It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.
+
|It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  08:28
 
|  08:28
|  The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :
+
|  The Spoken Tutorial project team:
  
 
|-   
 
|-   
 
| 08:30
 
| 08:30
|Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials  
+
|* Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 08:33
 
| 08:33
|Gives certificates to those who pass an online test  
+
|* Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 08:36
 
| 08:36
|For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org
+
|For more details, please write to:
 +
contact@spoken-tutorial.org
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  08:44
 
|  08:44
|  Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
+
'''Spoken Tutorial''' project is a part of the '''Talk to a Teacher''' project.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 511: Line 514:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 08:55
 
| 08:55
|More information on this Mission is available at the below link
+
|More information on this mission is available at the below link
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 09:00
 
| 09:00
|This is Afrin Pinjari from IIT Bombay, signing off.
+
|This is Afrin Pinjari from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off.
  
 
|-
 
|-

Revision as of 22:56, 28 October 2015


Time Narration
00:01 Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Ruby Methods.
00:05 In this tutorial, we will learn:
00:07 * What is a method ?
00:09 * Syntax for method and
00:11 We will see some examples.
00:13 Here, we are using:
  • Ubuntu Linux version 12.04
  • Ruby 1.9.3
00:21 To follow this tutorial, you must have knowledge of using Terminal and Text editor in Linux.
00:28 Let us now start with an introduction to methods.
00:31 A method is a self-contained program executing a specific task.
00:37 Ruby method is very similar to functions in any other programming language.
00:42 method name should begin with a lowercase letter.
00:45 methods should be defined before calling them.
00:49 Let us see the syntax for method
00:52 methods are defined using the keyword "def" followed by the method name.
00:57 The arguments specify values that are passed to the method, to be processed.
01:02 ruby code section represents the body of the method that performs the processing.
01:09 The method body is enclosed by this definition on the top and the word "end" on the bottom.
01:16 This is called as method with arguments.
01:19 Another syntax for method is-
01:23 the keyword "def" followed by the method name and an empty argument list.
01:28 ruby code section that represents the body of the method.
01:32 And the word "end" that marks the end of method.
01:36 This is called as method without arguments.
01:39 Let's see how to use a method.
01:42 I have already typed a program in the gedit editor.
01:46 Let me open it.
01:48 Please note that our filename is method hyphen without hyphen argument dot rb.
01:55 I have saved the file inside the rubyprogram folder.
01:59 In this program, we will calculate the sum of two numbers using method.
02:03 Let us go through the program.
02:05 Here we have declared a global variable 'a'.
02:08 And we have initialized it by assigning value of 5.
02:13 Global variable names are prefixed with a dollar sign ($).
02:17 Global variables are accessible from anywhere in the Ruby program, regardless of where they are declared.
02:25 Here we have declared a method called add without any arguments.
02:31 Here we ask the user to enter the second number.
02:35 User will enter the value.
02:38 'gets' method gets the input from the console but in a string format.
02:44 So we need to convert it into integer, using to_i method.
02:50 The converted value is then stored in the variable 'b'. 'b' is a local variable.
02:56 It is available only to the method inside which it is declared.
03:01 Here we add the values of global variable 'a' and variable 'b'.
03:07 The result is then stored in variable sum.
03:10 Then we print the sum.
03:13 This shows a way of inserting a variable within a string.
03:18 Here, the content of sum is returned as a string and is substituted into the outer string.
03:25 end marks the end of the method.
03:28 There are two types of methods.
03:31 User-defined method - that is our add method.
03:35 Pre-defined method - that is print, gets and to_i method.
03:42 Here, we call our add method.
03:45 The addition operation will be performed and the result will be printed.
03:50 Now, let us click on the Save button.
03:53 This program will be saved in rubyprogram folder as mentioned earlier.
03:59 Now, let us execute the program.
04:02 Open the terminal by pressing the Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously.
04:07 A terminal window appears on your screen.
04:11 To execute the program, we need to go to the sub-directory rubyprogram.
04:16 So, let's type: cd space Desktop/rubyprogram and press Enter.
04:26 Now, type: ruby space method hyphen without hyphen argument dot rb and press Enter.
04:40 "Enter the second number" is displayed.
04:44 I will enter the value as 4. Type 4 and press Enter.
04:48 We get the output as - "Sum of two numbers 5 and 4 is 9".
04:53 Now, let us see an example of method with arguments.
04:58 I have already typed this program in the gedit editor, let me open it.
05:03 Please note that our filename is method hyphen with hyphen argument dot rb.
05:10 I have saved this file also inside the rubyprogram folder.
05:15 Let us go through the program.
05:18 Here we have declared a method called add. 'a', 'b' are the arguments of the method 'add'.
05:26 Here the values of 'a' and 'b' are added.
05:29 And the sum is returned to the method call.
05:31 end marks the end of method.
05:35 Here, we are asking the user for input.
05:38 User will enter the values of 'a' and 'b'.
05:41 The values will be stored in variable 'a' and 'b', respectively.
05:46 Here, we call the add method.
05:49 Then we pass the arguments as 'a' and 'b.'
05:52 The value returned by the method 'add', after performing the addition operation, will be stored in 'c'.
05:59 Here, we print the sum which is store in 'c'.
06:03 Let's execute this code. Go to the terminal.
06:07 Let us first clear the terminal. Type clear and press Enter.
06:14 We are already in the sub-directory rubyprogram.
06:17 Now, press the up-arrow key twice to get the previous command.
06:22 Replace method hyphen without hyphen arguments dot rb with method hyphen with hyphen arguments dot rb.
06:32 And press Enter.
06:35 "Enter the values of a and b" is displayed.
06:38 I will enter 8 and 9.
06:41 Type 8 and press Enter.
06:43 Type 9 and press Enter.
06:46 We get the output as
06:47 "Sum of two numbers 8 and 9 is 17".
06:52 Now, I will show you one important feature of Ruby method.
06:56 Let's go back to the program in the text editor.
06:59 Delete the keyword return.
07:02 Now click on Save button.
07:05 Let's execute the code. Go to the terminal.
07:09 Press the up-arrow key to get the previous command and Press Enter.
07:14 "Enter the values of a and b" is displayed.
07:18 I will enter 10 and 15.
07:21 Type 10, press Enter. Type 15 and press Enter.
07:27 We get the output as
07:29 "Sum of two numbers 10 and 15 is 25".
07:33 We can see that the program is executed without any error, even after deleting the keyword return.
07:40 This is because Ruby automatically returns the value calculated in the method.
07:46 The keyword return in method is optional in Ruby.
07:50 This brings us to the end of this Spoken Tutorial.
07:53 Let us switch back to slides.
07:55 Let us summarize.
07:57 In this tutorial, we have learnt:
07:59 * About Methods
08:01 * Syntax for Method without arguments
08:04 * And Method with arguments
08:06 * Returning value from method.
08:08 As an assignment,
08:10 write a program to calculate area of a square
08:13 by using method and
08:14 by getting the input from user.
08:17 Watch the video available at the following link.
08:20 It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
08:23 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
08:28 The Spoken Tutorial project team:
08:30 * Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
08:33 * Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
08:36 For more details, please write to:

contact@spoken-tutorial.org

08:44 Spoken Tutorial project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
08:49 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
08:55 More information on this mission is available at the below link
09:00 This is Afrin Pinjari from IIT Bombay, signing off.
09:04 Thank you for watching.

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PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Priyacst, Sandhya.np14, Sneha