Difference between revisions of "Linux/C2/Simple-filters/English-timed"

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| 00:00
 
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| Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Simple Filters with Linux.  
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| Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on '''Simple Filters''' with Linux.  
 
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|-
 
|00:08
 
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| All these are command line text manipulation tools.  
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| All these are '''command line text manipulation''' tools.  
 
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|-
 
| 00:22
 
| 00:22
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| If you see a hash (#) symbol on the Terminal you need to become root to execute those commands   
+
| If you see a hash (#) symbol on the Terminal, you need to become '''root''' to execute those commands.  
 
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|00:29
 
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| 00:38
 
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| I assume that you did a default installation and did not modify any path where the files are getting saved.  
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| I assume that you did a default installation and did not modify any '''path''' where the files are getting saved.  
 
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| 00:46
 
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|01:02
 
|01:02
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| We use the Head command followed by an '''ascii''' file name, to display the first 10 lines of a file by default.  
+
| We use the '''Head''' command followed by an '''ascii''' file name, to display the first 10 lines of a file by default.  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 01:10
 
| 01:10
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| Let us create a file. I am hitting on '''ESC''' (escape) key to show this practically.  
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| Let us create a file. I am hitting on '''Esc''' (escape) key to show this practically.  
 
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|-
 
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| 01:24
 
| 01:24
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|I already have these numbers in another file for the sake of time constrain .  
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|I already have these numbers in another file for the sake of time constrain.  
 
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| 01:30
 
| 01:30
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|-
 
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| 01:41
 
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|Name the file as '''numbers dot txt''' and hit on '''save'''  
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|Name the file as '''numbers dot txt''' and hit on '''Save'''.
 
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| 01:48
 
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|-
 
|-
 
| 02:05
 
| 02:05
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|Type '''ls''' and hit on '''enter.'''  
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|Type '''ls''' and hit on '''Enter.'''  
 
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| 02:09
 
| 02:09
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|-
 
|-
 
| 02:15
 
| 02:15
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| Now we can use the cat command to read the contents of the file we created.  
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| Now we can use the '''cat''' command to read the contents of the file we created.  
 
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| 02:21
 
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|-
 
|-
 
| 02:29
 
| 02:29
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| Let us do the same with head command.  
+
| Let us do the same with '''head''' command.  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 02:33
 
| 02:33
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| '''head numbers dot txt''', '''enter'''
+
| '''head numbers dot txt''', '''Enter'''.
 
|-
 
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| 02:39
 
| 02:39
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|-
 
|-
 
| 03:02
 
| 03:02
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|Let us switch back to the presentation  
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|Let us switch back to the presentation.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 03:08
 
| 03:08
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|-
 
|-
 
| 03:40
 
| 03:40
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| '''hyphen n5''', '''Enter'''  
+
| '''hyphen n5''', '''Enter'''.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 03:45
 
| 03:45
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| Switch to slides
+
| Switch to slides.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 03:50
 
| 03:50
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|-
 
|-
 
| 04:01
 
| 04:01
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| The most useful option of the tail command is to use '''hyphen f''' option to follow the tail of a log file.  
+
| The most useful option of the '''tail''' command is to use '''hyphen f''' option to follow the tail of a log file.  
 
|-
 
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| 04:09
 
| 04:09
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|-
 
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| 04:18
 
| 04:18
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| Go to the terminal
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| Go to the terminal.
 
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| 04:31
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| Let me resize this terminal
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| Let me resize this terminal.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 04:39
 
| 04:39
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| Let us open another Terminal , '''Application- > Accessories - > Terminal.'''
+
| Let us open another Terminal, '''Application -> Accessories -> Terminal.'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 04:46
 
| 04:46
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| Let me resize this terminal  
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| Let me resize this terminal.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 04:52
 
| 04:52
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|-
 
|-
 
| 05:00
 
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| Try to '''su''' as yourself, hit on '''enter.'''  
+
| Try to '''su''' as yourself, hit on '''Enter.'''  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 05:05
 
| 05:05
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| Give in some wrong password hit on '''enter.'''
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| Give in some wrong password hit on '''Enter.'''
 
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| Type '''date''' hit on '''enter''' to verify the system date and time.
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| Type '''date''', hit on '''Enter''' to verify the system date and time.
 
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| Hit '''CTRL C''' to close the running tail command & maximize the screen.
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| Hit '''CTRL C''' to close the running '''tail''' command & maximize the screen.
 
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| A linux system administrator will look into these log files for more information to troubleshoot his machine if there is a problem.
+
| A Linux system administrator will look into these log files for more information to troubleshoot his machine if there is a problem.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:12
 
| 06:12
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| '''Sort''' command as the name suggest will sort a file for us in both ascending and descending order.  
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| '''Sort''' command, as the name suggests, will sort a file for us in both ascending and descending order.  
 
|-
 
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| 06:23
 
| 06:23
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| '''sort numbers dot txt''' .This would sort our '''numbers dot txt''' file in ascending order.  
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| '''sort numbers dot txt'''. This would sort our '''numbers dot txt''' file in ascending order.  
 
|-
 
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| 06:31
 
| 06:31
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| Notice something is strange in there, sort just looks at the first character to sort, so '''10''','''11'''&'''12''' appears before the number 2.  
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| Notice something is strange in there, '''sort''' just looks at the first character to sort, so '''10''','''11'''&'''12''' appears before the number 2.  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:43
 
| 06:43
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| To avoid this add the option of '''hyphen n''', hyphen n and  Enter
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| To avoid this, add the option of '''hyphen n''' hyphen n and  Enter.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:53
 
| 06:53
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| Now sort looks at the entire number to sort them.  
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| Now '''sort''' looks at the entire number to sort them.  
 
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| 06:58
 
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|'''U,  enter''',
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|'''U,  Enter'''.
 
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| I already have the data in another file for the sake of time constrain let me copy & Paste the value, '''CTRL+C; CTRL+V.'''  
+
| I already have the data in another file for the sake of time constrain, let me copy & Paste the value, '''CTRL+C; CTRL+V.'''  
 
|-
 
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| 08:11
 
| 08:11
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| File, Save it as '''marks dot txt''', Hit on '''Save.'''  
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| '''File''', Save it as '''marks dot txt''', Hit on '''Save.'''  
 
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| 08:21
 
| 08:21
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| Don't mind the special characters on this file I don't want someone to sue me for giving them low marks  
+
| Don't mind the special characters on this file. I don't want someone to sue me for giving them low marks.
 
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| 08:28
 
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|here '''hyphen t''' stands for the '''delimiter''' & the space in between the quotes represents it.  
+
|Here, '''hyphen t''' stands for the '''delimiter''' & the space in between the quotes represents it.  
 
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| 09:02
 
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|here in '''cut''' command '''d''' is the delimiter & the space inbetween the quotes represents the delimiter.
+
|Here, in '''cut''' command '''d''' is the delimiter & the space in between the quotes represents the delimiter.
 
|-
 
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|10:20
 
|10:20
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|'''hyphen f2''' for the second column. Hit on '''enter.'''  
+
|'''hyphen f2''' for the second column. Hit on '''Enter.'''  
 
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|10:31
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|'''Paste numbers dot txt  marks dot txt''', '''enter'''
+
|'''Paste numbers dot txt  marks dot txt''', '''Enter'''.
 
|-
 
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|10:50
 
|10:50
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|Now the first line of '''marks dot txt was appended to the first line of numbers dot txt.  
+
|Now the first line of '''marks dot txt''' was appended to the first line of '''numbers dot txt'''.  
 
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|10:57
 
|10:57
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|We can use the redirect key to redirect this output to some other file called '''concatefile dot txt. '''
+
|We can use the redirect key to redirect this output to some other file called '''concatefile dot txt.'''
 
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| Hit on Up arrow. Hit on the redirect key which is the Greater than symbol '''concatfile dot txt'''. Hit on '''Enter.'''  
+
| Hit on Up arrow. Hit on the redirect key which is the Greater than symbol (>) '''concatfile dot txt'''. Hit on '''Enter.'''  
 
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| 11:25
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| If we want paste to print out the numbers serially delimited with tab we can use the '''hyphen s''' option.  
+
| If we want '''paste''' to print out the numbers serially delimited with tab, we can use the '''hyphen s''' option.  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 11:34
 
| 11:34

Revision as of 11:20, 12 March 2015

Time Narration
00:00 Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Simple Filters with Linux.
00:08 Here we will be learning about head, Tail, sort, cut and paste.
00:17 All these are command line text manipulation tools.
00:22 If you see a hash (#) symbol on the Terminal, you need to become root to execute those commands.
00:29 sudo su or su root, if you see a dollar symbol on the Terminal you can be an ordinary user to execute those commands.
00:38 I assume that you did a default installation and did not modify any path where the files are getting saved.
00:46 I am using Ubuntu 10.10 for this tutorial.
00:51 Prerequisites for this module are the ability to use the mouse , keyboard, maximize and minimize buttons on a window.
01:02 We use the Head command followed by an ascii file name, to display the first 10 lines of a file by default.
01:10 Let us create a file. I am hitting on Esc (escape) key to show this practically.
01:17 Go to Applications > Accessories > Text Editor.
01:24 I already have these numbers in another file for the sake of time constrain.
01:30 Let me copy and paste.
01:38 Hit on File , Save.
01:41 Name the file as numbers dot txt and hit on Save.
01:48 Close this file.
01:53 Now go to Applications > Accessories > Terminal.
02:01 Let us try to see if we can see the file we created.
02:05 Type ls and hit on Enter.
02:09 What we did here is to list all the folders and files on our home directory.
02:15 Now we can use the cat command to read the contents of the file we created.
02:21 Cat n-u-m Hit on tab to autofill the file name. Hit on Enter.
02:29 Let us do the same with head command.
02:33 head numbers dot txt, Enter.
02:39 Now the first 10 lines are displayed.
02:43 If we want to see the first 5 lines, use the option hyphen n5 in between the head command and the file.
02:52 Hit on Up arrow, hyphen n5 and Enter.
02:58 Now the first 5 lines alone are displayed.
03:02 Let us switch back to the presentation.
03:08 F5
03:14 The tail command works exactly opposite to the head command, it displays the last 10 lines of a file by default.
03:22 I am hitting on ALT and Tab to switch to the terminal.
03:27 tail numbers dot txt
03:31 If we want to see just the last 5 lines, use the option hyphen n5 in between the tail command and the file name.
03:40 hyphen n5, Enter.
03:45 Switch to slides.
03:50 A log file contains events which took place in a system.
03:55 Auth dot log file maintains log's for who logged in & who logged out.
04:01 The most useful option of the tail command is to use hyphen f option to follow the tail of a log file.
04:09 If a new line is appended to the log file, the tail command will take that as the last line and display 10 lines by default above it.
04:18 Go to the terminal.
04:21 tail hyphen f forward slash var slash log slash auth dot log
04:31 Let me resize this terminal.
04:39 Let us open another Terminal, Application -> Accessories -> Terminal.
04:46 Let me resize this terminal.
04:52 so that I can show you in a single screen how tail follows the last line in a log file.
05:00 Try to su as yourself, hit on Enter.
05:05 Give in some wrong password hit on Enter.
05:08 You will see that the terminal on which tail is running is appended with a new log.
05:15 The date & time specifies when the authentication failure took place.
05:23 Type date, hit on Enter to verify the system date and time.
05:32 Type Exit to close this terminal.
05:36 Hit CTRL C to close the running tail command & maximize the screen.
05:51 We have seen only auth dot log file in the previous example.
05:57 These are the commonly used log files in Linux.
06:01 A Linux system administrator will look into these log files for more information to troubleshoot his machine if there is a problem.
06:12 Sort command, as the name suggests, will sort a file for us in both ascending and descending order.
06:23 sort numbers dot txt. This would sort our numbers dot txt file in ascending order.
06:31 Notice something is strange in there, sort just looks at the first character to sort, so 10,11&12 appears before the number 2.
06:43 To avoid this, add the option of hyphen n hyphen n and Enter.
06:53 Now sort looks at the entire number to sort them.
06:58 To sort number dot txt in reverse order add an option of hyphen r.
07:09 We have numbers that repeat in this file, to pull out just the unique numbers add another option of hyphen u .
07:17 Go to Terminal.
07:20 Up Arrow
07:22 U, Enter.
07:26 Previously two 2's were displayed . Now only one 2 is displayed.
07:38 Now we will see how we can sort a file based on certain column.
07:44 Let us create a file and key in these as shown below.
07:48 Go to Applications > Accessories > Text Editor.
07:57 I already have the data in another file for the sake of time constrain, let me copy & Paste the value, CTRL+C; CTRL+V.
08:11 File, Save it as marks dot txt, Hit on Save.
08:21 Don't mind the special characters on this file. I don't want someone to sue me for giving them low marks.
08:28 Close this file.
08:33 Let us sort based on the second column of marks dot txt file.
08:40 Go to the terminal.
08:42 sort space marks dot txt space hyphen t space open inverted commas space close inverted commas space
08:53 Here, hyphen t stands for the delimiter & the space in between the quotes represents it.
09:02 hyphen k2 for the second column on which sort should be performed.
09:14 Hit on Enter.
09:20 Cat marks dot txt
09:24 This is the original file, if you see Avir is moved above and Bala came below when we sorted based on the second column alone.
09:43 Cut command is used to cut just certain information from a file.
09:51 Let us pull out the names from marks dot txt
09:55 Let us go to the terminal ALT Tab
09:58 cut space marks dot txt space hyphen d space open inverted commas space close inverted commas space.
10:08 Here, in cut command d is the delimiter & the space in between the quotes represents the delimiter.
10:20 hyphen f2 for the second column. Hit on Enter.
10:31 Paste command will merge corresponding subsequent lines of the files.
10:36 Let us use both the numbers dot txt and marks dot txt file now.
10:41 Go to the terminal.
10:43 Paste numbers dot txt marks dot txt, Enter.
10:50 Now the first line of marks dot txt was appended to the first line of numbers dot txt.
10:57 We can use the redirect key to redirect this output to some other file called concatefile dot txt.
11:06 Go to the terminal.
11:08 Hit on Up arrow. Hit on the redirect key which is the Greater than symbol (>) concatfile dot txt. Hit on Enter.
11:18 Cat concatfile dot txt
11:22 Let us go to the slide.
11:25 If we want paste to print out the numbers serially delimited with tab, we can use the hyphen s option.
11:34 Paste hyphen s
11:39 numbers dot txt
11:43 Go to the slide.
11:45 Spoken Tutorial project is a part of Talk to a Teacher project,
11:49 Supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT,MHRD, Government of India.
11:55 For more information you can refer to the following link.
11:59 This script has been contributed by ----------------------(name of the translator) and this is -----------------------(name of the recorder) from --------------------------(name of the place)signing off.

Contributors and Content Editors

Minal, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14, Vasudeva ahitanal

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