Difference between revisions of "PhET-Simulations-for-Physics/C2/Static-Electricity-and-Charges/English"

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|| This tutorial is recorded using,  
 
|| This tutorial is recorded using,  
  
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Ubuntu Linux OS version 18.04
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*Ubuntu Linux OS version 18.04
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*Firefox Web Browser version 98.0.2.
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Firefox Web Browser version 98.0.2.
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|-
 
|-
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|| A wall with uniform distribution of charges is on the extreme right of the interface.
 
|| A wall with uniform distribution of charges is on the extreme right of the interface.
  
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This wall serves as a dielectric.
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This wall serves as a '''dielectric'''.
 
   
 
   
 
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|-
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Point to the balloon.
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|| Let’s drag the yellow balloon towards the '''PhET sweater''' and rub it on the '''sweater'''.
 
|| Let’s drag the yellow balloon towards the '''PhET sweater''' and rub it on the '''sweater'''.
  
  
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On rubbing, negative charges, that is electrons get accumulated on the balloon.
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On rubbing, negative charges, that is electrons, get accumulated on the balloon.
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+
  
 
The positive charges do not move from their places.
 
The positive charges do not move from their places.
  
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|-
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The balloon now gets attracted to the sweater and moves towards it.  
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||Point to the balloon.
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||The balloon now gets attracted to the sweater and moves towards it.  
  
 
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|-
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The negative charges on the wall get repelled.
 
The negative charges on the wall get repelled.
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|-
 
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Explain why:
 
Explain why:
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#A charged balloon is repelled by another charged balloon?
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A charged balloon is repelled by another charged balloon?
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#A copper rod cannot be charged by rubbing?
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+
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A copper rod cannot be charged by rubbing?
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|-
 
|-
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|| Let’s drag and place four sensors in different locations.
 
|| Let’s drag and place four sensors in different locations.
  
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The sensors detect the precise magnitude and direction of the Electric field at that location.
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The sensors detect the precise magnitude and direction of the electric field at that location.
  
  
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|| As an assignment,
 
|| As an assignment,
  
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*Draw an '''equipotential''' line between two opposite charges where the '''voltage''' is zero (0.0 V).
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Draw an '''equipotential''' line between two opposite charges where the '''voltage''' is zero (0.0 V).
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*Explain why the potential on this line is zero?
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+
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Explain why the potential on this line is zero?
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* Arrange the charges and predict the electric field
 
* Arrange the charges and predict the electric field
 
* Measure the voltage at various locations
 
* Measure the voltage at various locations
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* Draw '''equipotential''' lines.
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* Draw equipotential lines.
  
 
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|| The Spoken Tutorial Project team:  
 
|| The Spoken Tutorial Project team:  
  
−
conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and  
+
*conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and  
−
 
+
*gives certificates on passing online tests.  
−
gives certificates on passing online tests.  
+
  
 
For more details, please write to us.  
 
For more details, please write to us.  

Revision as of 12:57, 6 January 2023

Title of script: Static Electricity, Charges and Fields


Keywords: PhET simulation, charges, static electricity, balloons, voltage, electric field, nano coulomb, equipotential lines, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.


Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1

Title Slide

Welcome to the Spoken tutorial on Static Electricity and Charges.
Slide Number 2


Learning Objectives

In this tutorial we will learn to,
  • Transfer charges to an object
  • Show the attraction and repulsion between the charged objects
  • Arrange the charges and predict the electric field.
  • Measure the voltage at various locations.
  • Draw equipotential lines.
Slide Number 3

System Requirements

This tutorial is recorded using,
  • Ubuntu Linux OS version 18.04
  • Firefox Web Browser version 98.0.2.
Slide Number 4

Pre-requisites


https://spoken-tutorial.org

To follow this tutorial,

Learners should be familiar with topics in basic science.


Please use the link below to access the tutorials on PhET Simulations.

Slide Number 5

Links for PhET simulations


https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/balloons-and-static-electricity

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/charges-and-fields


Please use the given links to download the PhET simulations.
Slide Number 6


PhET Simulations

In this tutorial we will use the following PhET simulations.

Balloons and Static Electricity and

Charges and Fields.

Point to the simulations in the Downloads folder.

Balloons and Static Electricity and

Charges and Fields simulations

I have already downloaded the simulations to my Downloads folder.
Point to Balloons and Static Electricity simulation. Let us begin with Balloons and Static Electricity simulation.
Right-click on balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html file.

Select Open With Firefox Web Browser option.

Point to the browser address.


To open the simulation, right-click on balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html file.

Select the option Open With Firefox Web Browser.

You can use your default browser to open the Html file.


The file opens in the browser.

Point to the simulation interface. This is the interface of the Balloons and Static Electricity simulation.
Point the positive and negative charges on the PhET sweater. Simulation has a PhET Sweater with uniform distribution of charges.
Point to the positive and negative charges. We may assume positive charges as protons and negative charges as electrons.
Point to the radio buttons. Below the Sweater, we have 3 radio buttons.


By default Show all charges radio button is selected.

Click on Show no charges radio button.

Point to the items.

Let’s click on Show no charges radio button.

Observe that charges from all the items are removed.

Point the Reset button at the bottom right. Let’s click the Reset button provided at the bottom to reset the simulation.
Point to the positive and negative charges on the yellow balloon. A yellow balloon with four pairs of charges is shown next to the sweater.
Point to the buttons at the bottom.

Point to the Reset Balloon button.

Two buttons to select the balloons are provided at the bottom.

Reset Balloon button returns the balloon to its neutral state.

Point to the positive and negative charges on the wall. A wall with uniform distribution of charges is on the extreme right of the interface.

This wall serves as a dielectric.

Point to the toggle button.

Click on the button.

At the bottom of the wall, a toggle button to Remove Wall and Add Wall is provided.

This button helps to add or remove the wall.

Drag the yellow balloon towards PhET sweater >> rub it on the sweater.


Let’s drag the yellow balloon towards the PhET sweater and rub it on the sweater.


On rubbing, negative charges, that is electrons, get accumulated on the balloon.

The positive charges do not move from their places.

Point to the balloon. The balloon now gets attracted to the sweater and moves towards it.
Drag the charged balloon to the wall.

Point to the charges.

Drag the charged balloon close to the wall.

The negative charges on the wall get repelled.

Click the Reset Balloon button. Let’s click the Reset Balloon button to make the balloon neutral.
Click on the two balloons button. Let’s click the two balloons button to add the balloons.
Rub the green balloon on the sweater.


Rub the yellow balloon to collect the remaining charges.

Rub the green balloon on the sweater to collect a few negative charges.


Now rub the yellow balloon to collect the remaining charges.


The two balloons accumulate negative charges from the sweater.


So they repel each other.

Drag the balloons to the wall. When we move the balloons towards the wall, we see charge separation.
Click the Remove Wall button.

Point to the balloons.

Now click the Remove Wall button.

The balloons get attracted to the sweater.

Click the Show charge differences radio button. Click the Show charge differences radio button.

Observe that pairs of positive and negative charge are removed from the balloons.

Only negative charges remain on them.

Click on Add Wall button.

Point to the wall.

Now click on Add Wall button.

Observe that wall does not show any charges.

This is because wall has uniform distribution of charges.

Point to the icons. Explore the icons given at the bottom right of the simulation.
Slide Number 7

Assignment

Pause the tutorial and do this assignment.


Explain why:

  1. A charged balloon is repelled by another charged balloon?
  2. A copper rod cannot be charged by rubbing?
Move to the Downloads folder. Now let us explore the Charges and Fields simulation.
Right-click on charges-and-fields_en.html file.

Select Open With Firefox Web Browser.

Open the charges-and-fields_en.html file in a web browser.
Point to the interface. This is the interface of Charges and Fields simulation.
Point to the toolbox.

Point to 1 nC positive charge, 1 nC negative charge and Sensors.

1 nanocoulomb is equal to 1 x 10-9 coulombs.

At the bottom of the interface, we see a toolbox.


It contains 1 nC positive charge, 1 nC negative charge and Sensors.


Here 1 nanocoulomb is equal to 1 x 10-9 coulombs.

Drag and place +1 nC charge in space. Let us drag and place 1 nC positive charge in space.
Point to +1 nC charge.

Move the cursor over the electric field.

The charge is pinned to where it is placed.


Observe that, an electric field is set up around it.


The electric field is displayed using an array of outward arrows.

Drag and place -1 nC charge in space.

Move the cursor over the electric field.

Let’s add a negative charge to the field.


The field lines align themselves for the newly added charge.

Drag the -1 nC charge in the field. Let us move the negative charge around the field.


The lines of force align as the charge moves.

Point to all the check boxes. On the right side, we have a toolbox with check boxes.


By default, Electric Field checkbox is checked.

Click to select Direction only checkbox. Let’s select the Direction only check box.

The direction arrows are seen clearly.

Drag and place four sensors in various locations.

Point the sensors.

Let’s drag and place four sensors in different locations.

The sensors detect the precise magnitude and direction of the electric field at that location.


Users may place as many sensors as they like.

Click the orange coloured Reset button at the bottom right. Let us reset the simulation using the Reset button.
Drag and place a positive charge and a negative charge in space. Let’s now place a positive charge and a negative charge in space.


The electric field is set up for both the charges.

Drag and place a new positive charge on the negative charge.

Move to adjust.

Let’s place a new positive charge on the negative charge to overlap it completely.

Adjust it to exactly overlap it.

Observe that the electric field with respect to the charges has become zero.

Drag and place negative charge on the positive charge. Now place a negative charge on the positive charge.

The interface looks completely black as the electric field has now become zero.

Click the orange coloured Reset button at the bottom right. Let us reset the simulation.
Drag and place 2 nC positive charges.

2 nC negative charges in space.

Let us add 2 nC positive charges and 2 nC negative charges.
Click on Electric Field check box to uncheck. Let us un-check the Electric Field check box to show the interface clearly.
Click to select Voltage check box on the right.

Point to the displayed electrostatic potential.

Select the Voltage check box from the toolbox.


The electrostatic potential for the charges is displayed.

Point to the voltage colours. Positive voltages are shown in red colour.

Negative voltages are shown in blue colour.

Drag and place the sensors. Now let’s place two sensors in the field.

One near the positive charges and the other near the negative charges.

Point to the charges. Now let us draw equipotential lines for the charges.
Click the Equipotential tool. Click the Equipotential tool and place it in the field.
Point to the probe, eraser and pencil.


Point to the value.

The equipotential tool has a probe, eraser and a pencil.


The voltage value at a location is displayed as text in the tool.

Click the pencil tool to draw the equipotential lines.

Click the Eraser tool to erase the line.


Click the pencil tool to draw the equipotential line.


Click the Eraser tool to erase the line.

Point to the positive charges. Let us now draw equipotential lines around the positive charges.
Place the tool near the positive charges >> click on the pencil tool.


Place the tool near the positive charges >> click on the pencil tool.

Point to the lines.

Place the tool near the positive charges and click the pencil tool.

Similarly, draw some more lines by changing the position o f the tool.


We can see that a set of lines have been drawn around the positive charges.

Select the Values checkbox. Click the Values check box to see the potential values at various locations.
Point to different lines.

Move the tool slowly along the equipotential line.

The potential is different for different lines.

It is same all along the equipotential line.

Drag and place the equipotential tool near negative charges.

Click on the pencil tool.

Similarly, let us draw some equipotential lines for the negative charges.
Point to the equipotential lines. Observe the voltages for all the equipotential lines for negative charges.
Click the Eraser tool to erase the lines. Now click the Eraser tool to erase all the lines.
Point to the values of the sensors. Notice that sensors show values of magnitude and direction of the charges.
Click the Grid check box. Let us now show the grid.

Let’s drag and place the charges on the same horizontal lines of the grid.

Click the Electric Field check box to check it.


Point to field lines.

Let us check the Electric Field check box to show it.


This shows a perfect alignment of the charges on the grid.

Slide Number 8

Assignment

As an assignment,
  • Draw an equipotential line between two opposite charges where the voltage is zero (0.0 V).
  • Explain why the potential on this line is zero?
Only Narration. With this, we come to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

Slide Number 9

Summary

In this tutorial, we have learnt to,
  • Transfer charges to an object
  • Show the attraction and repulsion between the charged objects
  • Arrange the charges and predict the electric field
  • Measure the voltage at various locations
  • Draw equipotential lines.
Slide Number 10

About the Spoken Tutorial Project

The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

Slide Number 11

Spoken Tutorial workshops

The Spoken Tutorial Project team:
  • conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
  • gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

Slide Number 12

Forum for specific questions:

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site.

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly.

The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer.

You will have to register to ask questions.

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site.

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly.

The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer.

You will have to register on this website to ask questions.

Slide Number 13


Acknowledgment


The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education, Govt. of India.
This is Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay signing off.

Thank you for watching.

Contributors and Content Editors

Madhurig, Nancyvarkey

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