Difference between revisions of "PhET-Simulations-for-Physics/C2/Static-Electricity-and-Charges/English"

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(Created page with " {| border=1 || '''Visual Cue''' || '''Narration''' |- || '''Slide Number 1''' '''Title Slide''' || Welcome to this Spoken Tutorial on '''Number Line: Integers'''. |-...")
 
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 +
Title of script:  Static Electricity, Charges and Fields
  
 +
 +
Keywords:  PhET simulation, charges, static electricity, balloons, voltage, electric field, nano coulomb, equipotential lines, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.
  
  
 
{| border=1
 
{| border=1
−
|| '''Visual Cue'''
+
|| '''Visual Cue '''
−
|| '''Narration'''
+
|| '''Narration'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| '''Slide Number 1'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 1'''
  
 
'''Title Slide'''
 
'''Title Slide'''
−
||  Welcome to this Spoken Tutorial on '''Number Line: Integers'''.
 
−
 
−
 
  
 +
|| Welcome to the Spoken tutorial on '''Static Electricity and Charges'''.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| '''Slide Number 2'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 2'''
  
−
'''Learning Objectives'''
 
−
||  In this tutorial, we will learn how to:
 
−
* Use integers to represent quantities in multiple contexts
 
−
* Compare integers on the number line
 
−
* Change the relative positions of integers on the number line
 
  
 +
'''Learning Objectives'''
 +
|| In this tutorial we will learn to,
 +
* Transfer charges to an object
 +
* Show the attraction and repulsion between the charged objects
 +
* Arrange the charges and predict the electric field.
 +
* Measure the voltage at various locations.
 +
* Draw equipotential lines.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 27: Line 30:
  
 
'''System Requirements'''
 
'''System Requirements'''
−
|| This tutorial is recorded using,  
+
|| This tutorial is recorded using,  
  
−
macOS Catalina version 10.15.7
+
Ubuntu Linux OS version 18.04
  
−
Google chrome version 101.0.49
+
Firefox Web Browser version 98.0.2.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 39: Line 42:
  
  
−
'''https://spoken-tutorial.org'''
+
'''[https://spoken-tutorial.org/ https://spoken-tutorial.org]'''
 +
|| To follow this tutorial,
  
 +
Learners should be familiar with topics in basic science.
  
  
−
|| To follow this tutorial,
+
Please use the link below to access the tutorials on '''PhET Simulations'''.
 +
|-
 +
|| '''Slide Number 5'''
  
−
Learners should be familiar with topics in basic mathematics.
+
Links for '''PhET simulations
  
  
−
Please use the link below to access the tutorials on '''PhET simulations'''.
+
'''https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/balloons-and-static-electricity'''
  
 +
'''https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/charges-and-fields'''
  
  
−
|-
 
−
|| '''Slide Number 5'''
 
−
 
−
'''Link for PhET simulation'''
 
  
 +
|| Please use the given links to download the '''PhET simulations'''.
  
−
'''https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/number-line-integers'''
 
−
||  Please use the given link to download the '''PhET''' '''simulation'''.
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| '''Slide Number 6'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 6'''
  
−
'''PhET simulations'''
 
  
 +
'''PhET Simulations'''
 +
|| In this tutorial we will use the following '''PhET simulations'''.
  
 +
'''Balloons and Static Electricity''' and
  
−
||  In this tutorial, we will use the '''Number Line: Integers''' '''PhET simulation'''.
+
'''Charges and Fields'''.
−
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the simulation in the Downloads folder
+
|| Point to the simulations in the Downloads folder.
  
 +
'''Balloons and Static Electricity''' and
  
−
'''Number Line: Integers simulation'''
+
'''Charges and Fields simulations'''
−
 
+
|| I have already downloaded the '''simulations ''' to my ''' Downloads ''' folder.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to '''Balloons and Static Electricity''' simulation.
 +
|| Let us begin with '''Balloons and Static Electricity''' simulation.
  
−
||  I have already downloaded the '''simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Double click on the '''number-line-integers_en.html''' file
+
|| Right-click on '''balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html file.'''
−
||  To open the simulation, double click on the '''number-line-integers_en.html''' file.
+
  
 +
Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser ''' option.
  
−
The file will open in your default browser.  
+
Point to the browser address.  
  
  
 +
|| To open the simulation, right-click on '''balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html''' file.
  
−
|-
+
Select the option '''Open With Firefox Web Browser'''.
−
|| Point to the simulation interface
+
−
||  This is the interface of the '''Number Line: Integers''' simulation.
+
−
|-
+
−
|| Point to each screen
+
−
||  The interface has two screens, '''Explore''' and '''Generic'''
+
  
 +
You can use your default browser to open the '''Html''' file.
  
 +
 +
The file opens in the browser.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on '''Explore''' screen
+
|| Point to the simulation interface.
−
|| Click on the '''Explore''' screen.
+
|| This is the interface of the '''Balloons and Static Electricity''' simulation.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line.
+
|| Point the positive and negative charges on the '''PhET sweater'''.
−
|| The screen has a vertical '''number line ''' to depict the elevation of objects.
+
|| '''Simulation''' has a '''PhET Sweater ''' with uniform distribution of charges.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Objects''' box.
+
|| Point to the positive and negative charges.
−
|| This is the '''Objects '''box at the bottom of the screen. We can drag and place objects on the number line.  
+
|| We may assume positive charges as protons and negative charges as electrons.
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the different scenarios.
+
|| Point to the radio buttons.
−
|| We can view this '''simulation''' in different scenarios.  
+
|| Below the ''' Sweater''', we have 3 radio buttons.
  
  
−
The first one is the comparison of elevations of a person, a bird and a fish.  
+
By default '''Show all charges ''' radio button is selected.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Click on '''Show no charges''' radio button.
  
−
The second is the comparison of two bank account balances.  
+
Point to the items.
 +
|| Let’s click on '''Show no charges''' radio button.
  
 +
Observe that charges from all the items are removed.
  
−
The last is the comparison of temperatures of different locations.  
+
|-
−
 
+
|| Point the '''Reset''' button at the bottom right.
 +
|| Let’s click the '''Reset''' button provided at the bottom to reset the simulation.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to the positive and negative charges on the yellow balloon.
 +
|| A yellow balloon with four pairs of charges is shown next to the sweater.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the smaller '''reset''' button.
+
|| Point to the buttons at the bottom.
−
||  The smaller '''reset''' button resets the current scenario.
+
−
|-
+
−
|| Point to the information check boxes.
+
−
||  On the top right, we have the following check boxes.
+
  
 +
Point to the '''Reset Balloon''' button.
 +
|| Two buttons to select the balloons are provided at the bottom.
  
−
'''Number Line''', '''Labels''',  and ''' Absolute Value'''
+
'''Reset Balloon''' button returns the balloon to its neutral state.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to the positive and negative charges on the wall.
 +
|| A wall with uniform distribution of charges is on the extreme right of the interface.
  
−
We can use these check boxes to show and hide the details.  
+
This wall serves as a dielectric.
 +
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to the toggle button.
  
 +
Click on the button.
 +
|| At the bottom of the wall, a '''toggle''' button to '''Remove Wall''' and '''Add Wall''' is provided.
  
 +
This button helps to add or remove the wall.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Comparison Statement ''' on the top centre of the screen
+
|| Drag the yellow balloon towards '''PhET sweater''' >> rub it on the sweater.
−
||  At the top, is the '''comparison statement'''.
+
  
  
−
It can be minimised.
+
Point to the balloon.
 +
|| Let’s drag the yellow balloon towards the '''PhET sweater''' and rub it on the '''sweater'''.
  
−
We can again maximise it when required.
 
−
|-
 
−
|| Point to the '''reset''' button
 
−
||  The '''reset''' button resets the simulation.
 
−
|-
 
−
|| Point to the '''Objects''' box
 
−
||  Let us put the objects inside the scenario.
 
  
 +
On rubbing, negative charges, that is electrons get accumulated on the balloon.
  
−
We can place them at any point on the line.
 
  
−
 
+
The positive charges do not move from their places.
−
Their position from the sea level is represented on the number line.
+
  
  
 +
The balloon now gets attracted to the sweater and moves towards it.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Check the '''Absolute Value''' check box
+
|| Drag the charged balloon to the wall.
−
||  Let us check the '''Absolute value''' check box.  
+
  
 +
Point to the charges.
 +
|| Drag the charged balloon close to the wall.
  
−
It shows us the distance as an absolute value.
+
The negative charges on the wall get repelled.
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
It also tells us the direction of the three objects.
+
−
 
+
  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Person'''.
+
|| Click the '''Reset Balloon''' button.
−
|| The person is placed 62 metres above sea level.
+
|| Let’s click the '''Reset '''Balloon button to make the balloon neutral.
  
−
This is represented as 62 metres on the number line.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Bird'''.
+
|| Click on the two balloons button.  
−
|| The bird is placed 30 metres above sea level.
+
|| Let’s click the two balloons button to add the balloons.  
  
−
This is represented as 30 metres on the number line.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Fish'''.
+
|| Rub the green balloon on the sweater.
−
||  The fish is placed 45 metres below sea level.
+
  
−
This is represented as -45 metres on the number line.
 
−
|-
 
−
|| Point to the '''Comparison Statement'''.
 
−
||  See the comparison statement at the top.
 
  
 +
Rub the yellow balloon to collect the remaining charges.
 +
|| Rub the green balloon on the sweater to collect a few negative charges.
  
−
-45 is less than 30 which is less than 62.
 
  
 +
Now rub the yellow balloon to collect the remaining charges.
  
−
Using these arrows, we can view the comparison in ascending or descending order.
 
  
 +
The two balloons accumulate negative charges from the sweater.
  
  
−
|-
+
So they repel each other.
−
|| Point to the sea level on the screen.
+
−
||  Note that an object can also be placed on the surface of the sea.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Drag the '''Bird''' down to the sea level.
+
|| Drag the balloons to the wall.
−
|| Let us drag the bird down to sea level.  
+
|| When we move the balloons towards the wall, we see charge separation.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line.
+
|| Click the '''Remove Wall ''' button.
−
||  In this case, it is represented as 0 on the number line.  
+
  
 +
Point to the balloons.
 +
|| Now click the '''Remove Wall''' button.
  
 +
The balloons get attracted to the sweater.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on the second scenario.
+
|| Click the Show charge differences radio button.
−
|| Let us select the second scenario.  
+
|| Click the '''Show charge differences''' radio button.
  
 +
Observe that pairs of positive and negative charge are removed from the balloons.
  
 +
Only negative charges remain on them.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line.
+
|| Click on '''Add Wall''' button.
−
||  This number line represents bank account balance.
+
  
 +
Point to the wall.
 +
|| Now click on '''Add Wall''' button.
  
 +
Observe that wall does not show any charges.
  
−
|-
+
This is because wall has uniform distribution of charges.
−
|| Point to the buttons on the left of the number line.
+
−
||  Using these buttons we can add or remove money from the account.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
We can also drag the objects on the number line.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the toggle switch.
+
|| Point to the icons.
−
|| The toggle switch on the right, allows us to represent one or two accounts.
+
|| Explore the icons given at the bottom right of the simulation.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click the add money button for object 1.
+
|| '''Slide Number 7'''
−
||  Let us deposit 5 dollars in the first bank account.
+
  
 +
'''Assignment'''
 +
|| Pause the tutorial and do this assignment.
  
−
The object gets bigger and moves 5 places to the right on the number line.
 
  
 +
Explain why:
  
 +
A charged balloon is repelled by another charged balloon?
 +
 +
A copper rod cannot be charged by rubbing?
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click the remove money button for object 2
+
|| Move to the '''Downloads''' folder.
−
|| Let us withdraw 3 dollars from the second bank account.
+
|| Now let us explore the '''Charges and Fields''' simulation.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Right-click on '''charges-and-fields_en.html file'''.
  
−
The object gets smaller and moves 3 places to the left on the number line.
+
Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser'''.
−
 
+
|| Open the '''charges-and-fields_en.html '''file in a web browser.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to the interface.
 +
|| This is the interface of '''Charges and Fields''' simulation.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide number 7'''
+
|| Point to the toolbox.
  
−
'''Transactions table'''
+
Point to '''1 nC''' positive charge, '''1 nC''' negative charge and '''Sensors'''.
−
||  Now, let us perform the following transactions in the simulation.  
+
  
 +
'''1 nanocoulomb''' is equal to 1 x 10<sup>-9</sup> coulombs.
 +
|| At the bottom of the interface, we see a toolbox.
  
−
They represent weekly activities of two different people.
 
  
 +
It contains '''1 nC ''' positive charge, '''1 nC ''' negative charge and '''Sensors'''.
  
−
(Note: See table 1)
 
  
 +
Here '''1 nanocoulomb''' is equal to 1 x 10<sup>-9</sup> coulombs.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Drag and place '''+1 nC''' charge in space.
 +
|| Let us drag and place 1 '''nC''' positive charge in space.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line.
+
|| Point to '''+1 nC''' charge.
−
||  This is the result of the transactions.
+
−
|-
+
−
|| Check the '''Absolute Value''' check box.
+
−
||  Now check the '''Absolute Value''' check box.
+
−
|-
+
−
|| Point to the bank account 1.
+
−
||  Bank account 1 has a balance of 30 dollars.
+
  
−
It has moved further right from the origin.
+
Move the cursor over the electric field.
 +
|| The charge is pinned to where it is placed.
  
−
Its relative position from the origin is plus 30.
 
  
 +
Observe that, an electric field is set up around it.
  
  
−
|-
+
The electric field is displayed using an array of outward arrows.  
−
|| Point to the bank account 1.
+
−
||  Bank account 2 is in debt of 17 dollars.
+
−
 
+
−
It has moved further left from the origin.
+
  
−
Its relative position from the origin is -17.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line.
+
|| Drag and place '''-1 nC''' charge in space.
−
||  The total difference between the two accounts is 30-(-17) which is 47 dollars.  
+
  
−
 
+
Move the cursor over the electric field.
−
This is represented on the number line.
+
|| Let’s add a negative charge to the field.  
  
  
 +
The field lines align themselves for the newly added charge.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the comparison statement.
+
|| Drag the '''-1 nC''' charge in the field.
 +
|| Let us move the negative charge around the field.
  
−
Point to the two bank accounts.
 
−
||  The comparison statement shows that -17 is less than 30.
 
  
 +
The lines of force align as the charge moves.
  
−
Users can change the values in the two bank accounts and check the differences.
+
|-
 +
|| Point to all the check boxes.
 +
|| On the right side, we have a toolbox with check boxes.
  
  
 +
By default, '''Electric Field''' checkbox is checked.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on the third scenario.
+
|| Click to select '''Direction only''' checkbox.
−
|| Let us select the third scenario.  
+
|| Let’s select the '''Direction only''' check box.
−
 
+
  
 +
The direction arrows are seen clearly.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line.
+
|| Drag and place four sensors in various locations.
−
||  This vertical number line represents the temperature of different locations.  
+
  
 +
Point the sensors.
 +
|| Let’s drag and place four sensors in different locations.
  
−
We can view this in the ''''Fahrenheit''' or '''Celsius''' scale.
+
The sensors detect the precise magnitude and direction of the Electric field at that location.
  
−
The ''''Fahrenheit''' scale is chosen by default.
 
  
 +
Users may place as many sensors as they like.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Click the orange coloured '''Reset''' button at the bottom right.
 +
|| Let us reset the simulation using the '''Reset ''' button.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on ℃ radio button.
+
|| Drag and place a positive charge and a negative charge in space.
−
|  Let us choose the '''Celsius''' scale.
+
|| Let’s now place a positive charge and a negative charge in space.
−
|-
+
−
|| Point to the drop down list.
+
−
|| We can select the months of the year from the drop down on the right.
+
  
  
−
Temperatures on the map will vary accordingly.  
+
The electric field is set up for both the charges.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Drag and place a new positive charge on the negative charge.
  
−
January is chosen by default.  
+
Move to adjust.
 +
|| Let’s place a new positive charge on the negative charge to overlap it completely.
  
 +
Adjust it to exactly overlap it.
  
 +
Observe that the electric field with respect to the charges has become zero.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Objects''' box.
+
|| Drag and place negative charge on the positive charge.
−
|| Let us put the thermometers at different locations on the map.
+
|| Now place a negative charge on the positive charge.
−
|-
+
−
|| Check the '''Absolute Value''' checkbox.
+
−
||  Let us check the '''Absolute Value''' checkbox.  
+
  
 +
The interface looks completely black as the electric field has now become zero.
  
−
It will show us the temperature purely in terms of its magnitude.  
+
|-
 +
|| Click the orange coloured Reset button at the bottom right.
 +
|| Let us reset the simulation.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Drag and place '''2 nC''' positive charges.
  
 +
'''2 nC''' negative charges in space.
 +
|| Let us add 2 nC positive charges and 2 nC negative charges.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Location A'''.
+
|| Click on Electric Field check box to uncheck.
−
||  The temperature of location A is 24 degrees above 0.
+
|| Let us un-check the '''Electric Field''' check box to show the interface clearly.
  
−
This is represented as 24 degrees Celsius on the number line.  
+
|-
 +
|| Click to select '''Voltage''' check box on the right.
  
 +
Point to the displayed electrostatic potential.
  
−
 
+
|| Select the '''Voltage''' check box from the toolbox.
−
|-
+
−
|| Point to the '''Location B'''.
+
−
||  The temperature of location B is 19 degrees above 0.
+
−
 
+
−
This is represented as 19 degrees Celsius on the number line.  
+
  
  
 +
The electrostatic potential for the charges is displayed.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Location C'''.
 
−
||  The temperature of location C is 33 degrees below 0.
 
−
 
−
This is represented as -33 degrees Celsius on the number line.
 
  
 +
|| Point to the voltage colours.
 +
|| Positive voltages are shown in red colour.
  
 +
Negative voltages are shown in blue colour.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Comparison Statement'''.
+
|| Drag and place the sensors.
−
|| This is also reflected in the comparison statement.  
+
|| Now let’s place two sensors in the field.
  
 +
One near the positive charges and the other near the negative charges.
  
−
-33 is less than 19 which is less than 24.
+
|-
−
 
+
|| Point to the charges.
 +
|| Now let us draw equipotential lines for the charges.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Click the Equipotential tool.
 +
|| Click the '''Equipotential''' tool and place it in the field.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line.
+
|| Point to the probe, eraser and pencil.
−
||  Observe that temperatures above 0 degrees are represented as positive integers.  
+
  
  
−
And temperatures below 0 degrees are represented as negative integers.  
+
Point to the value.
 +
|| The equipotential tool has a probe, eraser and a pencil.
  
  
 +
The voltage value at a location is displayed as text in the tool.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide number 8'''
+
|| Click the pencil tool to draw the equipotential lines.
  
−
'''Temperature Comparison table'''
+
Click the '''Eraser''' tool to erase the line.
−
||  This table represents the temperatures of 3 different locations over 5 months.  
+
  
−
(Note: See table 2)
 
  
 +
|| Click the pencil tool to draw the equipotential line.
  
−
It indicates the change in the climatic conditions in various parts of the world.
 
  
 +
Click the '''Eraser''' tool to erase the line.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to the positive charges.
 +
|| Let us now draw equipotential lines around the positive charges.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on '''Generic''' screen.
+
|| Place the tool near the positive charges >> click on the pencil tool.
−
||  Now click on the '''Generic''' screen.
+
  
  
−
The Generic screen has some new tools.  
+
Place the tool near the positive charges >> click on the pencil tool.
  
 +
Point to the lines.
  
 +
|| Place the tool near the positive charges and click the pencil tool.
  
−
|-
+
Similarly, draw some more lines by changing the position o f the tool.
−
|| Point to the '''Scale'''.
+
−
||  From this list, we can select the '''scale''' of the number line.  
+
  
  
−
-10 to 10 is chosen by default.
+
We can see that a set of lines have been drawn around the positive charges.
−
 
+
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Select the Values checkbox.
 +
|| Click the '''Values '''check box to see the potential values at various locations.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line representations.
+
|| Point to different lines.
−
||  We can choose between a '''horizontal''' or '''vertical ''' representation of the number line.  
+
  
 +
Move the tool slowly along the equipotential line.
  
−
'''Horizontal''' is chosen by default.
+
|| The potential is different for different lines.
−
 
+
  
 +
It is same all along the equipotential line.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to top right check boxes.
+
|| Drag and place the equipotential tool near negative charges.
−
||  On the top right, we have the following check boxes.  
+
  
 +
Click on the pencil tool.
 +
|| Similarly, let us draw some '''equipotential''' lines for the negative charges.
  
−
'''Labels''', '''Tick Marks''', '''Opposite''', and '''Absolute Value'''.
+
|-
 +
|| Point to the '''equipotential''' lines.
 +
|| Observe the voltages for all the '''equipotential''' lines for negative charges.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Click the '''Eraser''' tool to erase the lines.
 +
|| Now click the '''Eraser''' tool to erase all the lines.
  
−
We can use these check boxes to show and hide the details.  
+
|-
 +
|| Point to the values of the sensors.
 +
|| Notice that sensors show values of magnitude and direction of the charges.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Click the Grid check box.
 +
|| Let us now show the grid.
  
 +
Let’s drag and place the charges on the same horizontal lines of the grid.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line
+
|| Click the Electric Field check box to check it.
−
||  Explore the '''Generic''' screen to understand the number line concepts generally.  
+
  
  
 +
Point to field lines.
 +
|| Let us check the '''Electric Field''' check box to show it.
  
−
|-
 
−
||
 
−
||  With this, we have come to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarise.
 
−
|-
 
−
|| '''Slide number 9'''
 
−
 
−
'''Summary'''
 
−
||  In this tutorial, we have learnt how to:
 
−
* Use integers to represent quantities in multiple contexts
 
−
* Compare integers on the number line
 
−
* Change the relative positions of integers on the number line
 
  
 +
This shows a perfect alignment of the charges on the grid.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide number 10'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 8'''
  
 
'''Assignment'''
 
'''Assignment'''
−
|| As an assignment,  
+
|| As an assignment,
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
* Make a comparison table for 2 bank accounts.
+
−
* Consider all transactions including salary, loan payment and other expenses.
+
  
  
 +
Draw an '''equipotential''' line between two opposite charges where the '''voltage''' is zero (0.0 V).
  
 +
Explain why the potential on this line is zero?
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 11'''
 
  
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'''Assignment'''
+
|| Only Narration.
 +
|| With this, we come to the end of this tutorial.
  
 +
Let us summarize.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| '''Slide Number 9'''
  
−
|| Here is another assignment for you.
+
'''Summary'''
 +
|| In this tutorial, we have learnt to,
 +
* Transfer charges to an object
 +
* Show the attraction and repulsion between the charged objects
 +
* Arrange the charges and predict the electric field
 +
* Measure the voltage at various locations
 +
* Draw '''equipotential''' lines.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| '''Slide Number 10'''
  
−
# Arrange the numbers in ascending order, –11, 8, -6, -2, 2, 5.
+
'''About the Spoken Tutorial Project'''  
−
 
+
−
# Complete the missing numbers in the number line: __, -8, __, 8, __, 24, __, 40.
+
−
 
+
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# Complete the following pattern using the number line: -14, -9, -4, 1, 6, __, __, __, __
+
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
|| '''Slide Number 12'''
+
  
−
'''About the Spoken Tutorial project'''
+
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.  
−
|| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.  
+
  
 
Please download and watch it.  
 
Please download and watch it.  
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 13'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 11 '''
  
−
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
+
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''  
−
|| The Spoken Tutorial Project team:  
+
|| The Spoken Tutorial Project team:  
  
 
conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and  
 
conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and  
Line 520: Line 546:
  
 
For more details, please write to us.  
 
For more details, please write to us.  
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 14'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 12'''  
−
 
+
−
'''Forum for specific questions'''
+
  
 +
'''Forum for specific questions: '''
  
 
Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?  
 
Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?  
−
 
  
 
Please visit this site.  
 
Please visit this site.  
−
 
  
 
Choose the minute and second where you have the question.  
 
Choose the minute and second where you have the question.  
−
 
  
 
Explain your question briefly.  
 
Explain your question briefly.  
−
 
  
 
The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer.
 
The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer.
−
 
  
 
You will have to register to ask questions.
 
You will have to register to ask questions.
  
 +
|| Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?
  
 +
Please visit this site.
  
−
||  Please post your timed queries in this forum.
+
Choose the minute and second where you have the question.  
−
|-
+
−
|| '''Slide number 15'''
+
  
−
'''Acknowledgment'''
+
Explain your question briefly.
  
 +
The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer.
  
 +
You will have to register on this website to ask questions.
 +
|-
 +
|| '''Slide Number 13'''
  
−
||  The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education, Government of India.
 
  
 +
'''Acknowledgment'''
  
  
 +
|| The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education, Govt. of India.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide number 16'''
+
||  
−
 
+
|| This is Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT '''Bombay signing off.
−
'''Thank you'''
+
−
|| This is Radhika Yadav, a FOSSEE summer fellow 2022, IIT Bombay signing off.  
+
−
 
+
  
−
Thanks for joining.  
+
Thank you for watching.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 16:33, 24 November 2022

Title of script: Static Electricity, Charges and Fields


Keywords: PhET simulation, charges, static electricity, balloons, voltage, electric field, nano coulomb, equipotential lines, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.


Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1

Title Slide

Welcome to the Spoken tutorial on Static Electricity and Charges.
Slide Number 2


Learning Objectives

In this tutorial we will learn to,
  • Transfer charges to an object
  • Show the attraction and repulsion between the charged objects
  • Arrange the charges and predict the electric field.
  • Measure the voltage at various locations.
  • Draw equipotential lines.
Slide Number 3

System Requirements

This tutorial is recorded using,

Ubuntu Linux OS version 18.04

Firefox Web Browser version 98.0.2.

Slide Number 4

Pre-requisites


https://spoken-tutorial.org

To follow this tutorial,

Learners should be familiar with topics in basic science.


Please use the link below to access the tutorials on PhET Simulations.

Slide Number 5

Links for PhET simulations


https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/balloons-and-static-electricity

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/charges-and-fields


Please use the given links to download the PhET simulations.
Slide Number 6


PhET Simulations

In this tutorial we will use the following PhET simulations.

Balloons and Static Electricity and

Charges and Fields.

Point to the simulations in the Downloads folder.

Balloons and Static Electricity and

Charges and Fields simulations

I have already downloaded the simulations to my Downloads folder.
Point to Balloons and Static Electricity simulation. Let us begin with Balloons and Static Electricity simulation.
Right-click on balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html file.

Select Open With Firefox Web Browser option.

Point to the browser address.


To open the simulation, right-click on balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html file.

Select the option Open With Firefox Web Browser.

You can use your default browser to open the Html file.


The file opens in the browser.

Point to the simulation interface. This is the interface of the Balloons and Static Electricity simulation.
Point the positive and negative charges on the PhET sweater. Simulation has a PhET Sweater with uniform distribution of charges.
Point to the positive and negative charges. We may assume positive charges as protons and negative charges as electrons.
Point to the radio buttons. Below the Sweater, we have 3 radio buttons.


By default Show all charges radio button is selected.

Click on Show no charges radio button.

Point to the items.

Let’s click on Show no charges radio button.

Observe that charges from all the items are removed.

Point the Reset button at the bottom right. Let’s click the Reset button provided at the bottom to reset the simulation.
Point to the positive and negative charges on the yellow balloon. A yellow balloon with four pairs of charges is shown next to the sweater.
Point to the buttons at the bottom.

Point to the Reset Balloon button.

Two buttons to select the balloons are provided at the bottom.

Reset Balloon button returns the balloon to its neutral state.

Point to the positive and negative charges on the wall. A wall with uniform distribution of charges is on the extreme right of the interface.

This wall serves as a dielectric.

Point to the toggle button.

Click on the button.

At the bottom of the wall, a toggle button to Remove Wall and Add Wall is provided.

This button helps to add or remove the wall.

Drag the yellow balloon towards PhET sweater >> rub it on the sweater.


Point to the balloon.

Let’s drag the yellow balloon towards the PhET sweater and rub it on the sweater.


On rubbing, negative charges, that is electrons get accumulated on the balloon.


The positive charges do not move from their places.


The balloon now gets attracted to the sweater and moves towards it.

Drag the charged balloon to the wall.

Point to the charges.

Drag the charged balloon close to the wall.

The negative charges on the wall get repelled.


Click the Reset Balloon button. Let’s click the Reset Balloon button to make the balloon neutral.
Click on the two balloons button. Let’s click the two balloons button to add the balloons.
Rub the green balloon on the sweater.


Rub the yellow balloon to collect the remaining charges.

Rub the green balloon on the sweater to collect a few negative charges.


Now rub the yellow balloon to collect the remaining charges.


The two balloons accumulate negative charges from the sweater.


So they repel each other.

Drag the balloons to the wall. When we move the balloons towards the wall, we see charge separation.
Click the Remove Wall button.

Point to the balloons.

Now click the Remove Wall button.

The balloons get attracted to the sweater.

Click the Show charge differences radio button. Click the Show charge differences radio button.

Observe that pairs of positive and negative charge are removed from the balloons.

Only negative charges remain on them.

Click on Add Wall button.

Point to the wall.

Now click on Add Wall button.

Observe that wall does not show any charges.

This is because wall has uniform distribution of charges.

Point to the icons. Explore the icons given at the bottom right of the simulation.
Slide Number 7

Assignment

Pause the tutorial and do this assignment.


Explain why:

A charged balloon is repelled by another charged balloon?

A copper rod cannot be charged by rubbing?

Move to the Downloads folder. Now let us explore the Charges and Fields simulation.
Right-click on charges-and-fields_en.html file.

Select Open With Firefox Web Browser.

Open the charges-and-fields_en.html file in a web browser.
Point to the interface. This is the interface of Charges and Fields simulation.
Point to the toolbox.

Point to 1 nC positive charge, 1 nC negative charge and Sensors.

1 nanocoulomb is equal to 1 x 10-9 coulombs.

At the bottom of the interface, we see a toolbox.


It contains 1 nC positive charge, 1 nC negative charge and Sensors.


Here 1 nanocoulomb is equal to 1 x 10-9 coulombs.

Drag and place +1 nC charge in space. Let us drag and place 1 nC positive charge in space.
Point to +1 nC charge.

Move the cursor over the electric field.

The charge is pinned to where it is placed.


Observe that, an electric field is set up around it.


The electric field is displayed using an array of outward arrows.

Drag and place -1 nC charge in space.

Move the cursor over the electric field.

Let’s add a negative charge to the field.


The field lines align themselves for the newly added charge.

Drag the -1 nC charge in the field. Let us move the negative charge around the field.


The lines of force align as the charge moves.

Point to all the check boxes. On the right side, we have a toolbox with check boxes.


By default, Electric Field checkbox is checked.

Click to select Direction only checkbox. Let’s select the Direction only check box.

The direction arrows are seen clearly.

Drag and place four sensors in various locations.

Point the sensors.

Let’s drag and place four sensors in different locations.

The sensors detect the precise magnitude and direction of the Electric field at that location.


Users may place as many sensors as they like.

Click the orange coloured Reset button at the bottom right. Let us reset the simulation using the Reset button.
Drag and place a positive charge and a negative charge in space. Let’s now place a positive charge and a negative charge in space.


The electric field is set up for both the charges.

Drag and place a new positive charge on the negative charge.

Move to adjust.

Let’s place a new positive charge on the negative charge to overlap it completely.

Adjust it to exactly overlap it.

Observe that the electric field with respect to the charges has become zero.

Drag and place negative charge on the positive charge. Now place a negative charge on the positive charge.

The interface looks completely black as the electric field has now become zero.

Click the orange coloured Reset button at the bottom right. Let us reset the simulation.
Drag and place 2 nC positive charges.

2 nC negative charges in space.

Let us add 2 nC positive charges and 2 nC negative charges.
Click on Electric Field check box to uncheck. Let us un-check the Electric Field check box to show the interface clearly.
Click to select Voltage check box on the right.

Point to the displayed electrostatic potential.

Select the Voltage check box from the toolbox.


The electrostatic potential for the charges is displayed.

Point to the voltage colours. Positive voltages are shown in red colour.

Negative voltages are shown in blue colour.

Drag and place the sensors. Now let’s place two sensors in the field.

One near the positive charges and the other near the negative charges.

Point to the charges. Now let us draw equipotential lines for the charges.
Click the Equipotential tool. Click the Equipotential tool and place it in the field.
Point to the probe, eraser and pencil.


Point to the value.

The equipotential tool has a probe, eraser and a pencil.


The voltage value at a location is displayed as text in the tool.

Click the pencil tool to draw the equipotential lines.

Click the Eraser tool to erase the line.


Click the pencil tool to draw the equipotential line.


Click the Eraser tool to erase the line.

Point to the positive charges. Let us now draw equipotential lines around the positive charges.
Place the tool near the positive charges >> click on the pencil tool.


Place the tool near the positive charges >> click on the pencil tool.

Point to the lines.

Place the tool near the positive charges and click the pencil tool.

Similarly, draw some more lines by changing the position o f the tool.


We can see that a set of lines have been drawn around the positive charges.

Select the Values checkbox. Click the Values check box to see the potential values at various locations.
Point to different lines.

Move the tool slowly along the equipotential line.

The potential is different for different lines.

It is same all along the equipotential line.

Drag and place the equipotential tool near negative charges.

Click on the pencil tool.

Similarly, let us draw some equipotential lines for the negative charges.
Point to the equipotential lines. Observe the voltages for all the equipotential lines for negative charges.
Click the Eraser tool to erase the lines. Now click the Eraser tool to erase all the lines.
Point to the values of the sensors. Notice that sensors show values of magnitude and direction of the charges.
Click the Grid check box. Let us now show the grid.

Let’s drag and place the charges on the same horizontal lines of the grid.

Click the Electric Field check box to check it.


Point to field lines.

Let us check the Electric Field check box to show it.


This shows a perfect alignment of the charges on the grid.

Slide Number 8

Assignment

As an assignment,


Draw an equipotential line between two opposite charges where the voltage is zero (0.0 V).

Explain why the potential on this line is zero?

Only Narration. With this, we come to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

Slide Number 9

Summary

In this tutorial, we have learnt to,
  • Transfer charges to an object
  • Show the attraction and repulsion between the charged objects
  • Arrange the charges and predict the electric field
  • Measure the voltage at various locations
  • Draw equipotential lines.
Slide Number 10

About the Spoken Tutorial Project

The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

Slide Number 11

Spoken Tutorial workshops

The Spoken Tutorial Project team:

conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

Slide Number 12

Forum for specific questions:

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site.

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly.

The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer.

You will have to register to ask questions.

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site.

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly.

The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer.

You will have to register on this website to ask questions.

Slide Number 13


Acknowledgment


The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education, Govt. of India.
This is Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay signing off.

Thank you for watching.

Contributors and Content Editors

Madhurig, Nancyvarkey

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