Difference between revisions of "PhET/C3/Gravity-and-Solar-system/English-timed"

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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 00:06
 
|| 00:06
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|| In this tutorial we will, Demonstrate '''Gravity and Orbits''' and '''My Solar System''', '''PhET simulations'''.
+
|| In this tutorial, we will demonstrate '''Gravity and Orbits''' and '''My Solar System''', '''PhET simulations'''.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
||00:16
 
||00:16
−
|| Here I am using-  Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04  
+
|| Here I am using-  '''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version 14.04  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 00:23
 
|| 00:23
−
|| Java version 1.7.0 and
+
|| '''Java''' version 1.7.0 and
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 00:27
 
|| 00:27
−
|| Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2  
+
|| '''Firefox Web Browser''' version 53.02.2  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 00:34
 
|| 00:34
−
|| To follow this tutorial, learner should be familiar with topics in high school science.  
+
|| To follow this tutorial, learner should be familiar with topics in high-school science.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 00:42
 
|| 00:42
−
|| Using these simulations we will -   
+
|| Using these simulations, we will -   
  
 
1. Describe the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and satellite.  
 
1. Describe the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and satellite.  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 01:08
 
|| 01:08
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||5. And determine the gravitational force.  
+
||5. And, determine the gravitational force.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 01:43
 
|| 01:43
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|| Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''.  
+
|| Use the given '''link''' to download the '''simulation'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 02:01
 
|| 02:01
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|| Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' Option.  
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|| Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' option.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 02:10
 
|| 02:10
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|| This is the interface of '''Gravity and Orbits simulation'''.  
+
|| This is the '''interface''' of '''Gravity and Orbits simulation'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 02:16
 
|| 02:16
−
|| The interface has two screens.
+
|| The interface has two screens-
  
−
'''Model'''  
+
'''Model''',
  
 
'''To Scale'''.  
 
'''To Scale'''.  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 02:38
 
|| 02:38
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|| Next to models there is a gray coloured, '''Reset''' button.  
+
|| Next to models, there is a gray colored '''Reset''' button.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|| Below '''Gravity''', we have check-boxes for-  
 
|| Below '''Gravity''', we have check-boxes for-  
  
−
'''Gravity Force'''  
+
'''Gravity Force''',
  
−
'''Velocity'''  
+
'''Velocity''',
  
 
'''Path''' and  
 
'''Path''' and  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 03:06
 
|| 03:06
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|| Below this box we have another box.  
+
|| Below this box, we have another box.  
  
−
It consists of sliders to change the mass of '''Star''' and '''Planet'''.  
+
It consists of '''slider'''s to change the mass of '''Star''' and '''Planet'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 03:15
 
|| 03:15
−
|| Bottom of the screen we have, '''Fast Forward''', '''Normal''' and '''Slow motion''' radio buttons to change the animation speed.  
+
|| Bottom of the screen, we have '''Fast Forward''', '''Normal''' and '''Slow motion''' radio buttons to change the '''animation''' speed.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 03:25
 
|| 03:25
−
|| By default '''Normal''' speed is selected.  
+
|| By default, '''Normal''' speed is selected.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 03:29
 
|| 03:29
−
|| Also there are '''Rewind''', '''Play/Pause''' and '''Step buttons'''.
+
|| Also, there are '''Rewind''', '''Play/Pause''' and '''Step buttons''',
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 03:35
 
|| 03:35
−
|| '''Clear''' button to reset the '''Earth Days''' count.
+
|| '''Clear''' button to '''reset''' the '''Earth Days''' count,
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 03:43
 
|| 03:43
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|| By default Sun and Earth system is selected.  
+
|| By default, Sun and Earth system is selected.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 03:51
 
|| 03:51
−
|| Notice that, Earth revolves around the sun along a circular path.  
+
|| Notice that  Earth revolves around the sun along a circular path.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 04:02
 
|| 04:02
−
|| Centripetal force, causes change in acceleration and keeps the body moving along the circular path.  
+
|| Centripetal force causes change in acceleration and keeps the body moving along the circular path.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 04:25
 
|| 04:25
−
|| Notice that, direction of Earth's velocity is perpendicular to Sun's gravitational pull.  
+
|| Notice that direction of Earth's velocity is perpendicular to Sun's gravitational pull.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 04:32
 
|| 04:32
−
|| Now Let us count '''Earth Days'''.  
+
|| Now, let us count '''Earth Days'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 04:48
 
|| 04:48
−
|| Now we will change the animation to slow to count the days precisely.  
+
|| Now we will change the animation to slow, to count the days precisely.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 05:24
 
|| 05:24
−
|| Observe that, In the absence of Gravity, Earth files off along a straight line.  
+
|| Observe that in the absence of Gravity, Earth files off along a straight line.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
||05:48
 
||05:48
−
|| By default the '''Star Mass''' slider is at '''Our Sun'''.  
+
|| By default, the '''Star Mass''' slider is at '''Our Sun'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 06:21
 
|| 06:21
−
|| Here sun is not at the centre of the orbit.  
+
|| Here, sun is not at the centre of the orbit.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 06:26
 
|| 06:26
−
|| Note that, '''Earth Days''' decrease with the increase in the mass of the sun.  
+
|| Note that '''Earth Days''' decrease with the increase in the mass of the sun.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 06:53
 
|| 06:53
−
|| Observe that, gravitational force decreases with increase in the distance between planet and sun.  
+
|| Observe that gravitational force decreases with increase in the distance between planet and sun.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 07:12
 
|| 07:12
−
|| Drag the slider towards '''+''' sign to zoom in the view.  
+
|| Drag the slider towards plus sign (+) to '''zoom in''' the view.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 07:20
 
|| 07:20
−
|| Notice that, moon is in spiral orbit with earth while earth is in circular orbit with sun.  
+
|| Notice that moon is in spiral orbit with earth while earth is in circular orbit with sun.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 07:34
 
|| 07:34
−
|| As an assignment, Using '''Model''' screen, Explore earth, moon and earth, satellite systems.  
+
|| As an assignment, using '''Model''' screen, explore earth, moon and earth, satellite systems.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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'''Mass''' and
 
'''Mass''' and
  
−
'''Measuring Tape'''  
+
'''Measuring Tape'''.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
||08:09
 
||08:09
−
|| By default sun and earth system is selected.  
+
|| By default, sun and earth system is selected.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 08:31
 
|| 08:31
−
|| Lets measure the distance between star and Earth.  
+
|| Let's measure the distance between star and Earth.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 08:47
 
|| 08:47
−
|| Drag the zoom in slider towards '''+''' sign to zoom in the view.  
+
|| Drag the '''zoom in''' slider towards plus sign (+) to '''zoom in''' the view.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 09:00
 
|| 09:00
−
|| Note the Distance between star and planet.  
+
|| Note the distance between star and planet.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 09:44
 
|| 09:44
−
|| Gravitational force is calculated by using following formula  
+
|| Gravitational force is calculated by using following formula where '''G''' is universal gravitation constant,
−
 
+
−
where '''G''' is universal gravitation constant  
+
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 09:53
 
|| 09:53
−
|| capital '''M''' is mass of sun  
+
|| capital '''M''' is mass of sun,
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|| 10:02
 
|| 10:02
−
|| and '''d''' is distance between earth and planet  
+
|| and '''d''' is distance between earth and planet.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 10:28
 
|| 10:28
−
|| As an assignment, Using '''To Scale''' screen,  Determine the gravitational force between Earth and satellite.  
+
|| As an assignment, using '''To Scale''' screen,  determine the gravitational force between Earth and satellite.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 10:50
 
|| 10:50
−
|| To run the '''simulation''', open the terminal.  
+
|| To '''run''' the '''simulation''', open the '''terminal'''.  
  
−
At the prompt type '''cd Downloads''' and press Enter.  
+
At the prompt, type: '''cd Downloads''' and press '''Enter'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 11:01
 
|| 11:01
−
|| Then type, '''java space hyphen jar space my-solar-system_en.jar''' and press Enter.  
+
|| Then type: '''java space hyphen jar space my-solar-system_en.jar''' and press '''Enter'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 11:17
 
|| 11:17
−
|| My Solar System '''simulation''' opens.  
+
|| '''My Solar System''' simulation opens.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 11:30
 
|| 11:30
−
|| Here we can select a pair of solar systems of our choice.  
+
|| Here, we can select a pair of solar systems of our choice.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 11:55
 
|| 11:55
−
|| Use these check-boxes as an when required.  
+
|| Use these check-boxes as and when required.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 11:59
 
|| 11:59
−
|| There is a slider to control the speed of animation.  
+
|| There is a '''slider''' to control the speed of animation.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 12:41
 
|| 12:41
−
|| It is a vector quantity indicated by '''V''' in circle.  
+
|| It is a '''vector''' quantity indicated by '''V''' in circle.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 12:57
 
|| 12:57
−
|| Hover the mouse over '''Sun''', '''Planet''' and '''comet''' to get their '''mass''', '''current position''' and '''velocity'''.  
+
|| Hover the '''mouse''' over '''Sun''', '''Planet''' and '''comet''' to get their '''mass''', '''current position''' and '''velocity'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 13:09
 
|| 13:09
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 13:31
 
|| 13:31
−
|| Hover the mouse on the bodies to get their '''mass''', '''position''' and '''velocity'''.  
+
|| Hover the '''mouse''' on the bodies to get their '''mass''', '''position''' and '''velocity'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 13:39
 
|| 13:39
−
|| As an assignment, Select various systems and observe the orbits.  
+
|| As an assignment, select various systems and observe the orbits.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 13:46
 
|| 13:46
−
|| Change the Initial settings and observe the changes in the orbits and Explain the observation.  
+
|| Change the initial settings and observe the changes in the orbits and explain the observation.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 13:57
 
|| 13:57
−
|| In this tutorial we have demonstrated, How to use '''Gravity and Orbits''' and '''My Solar System''', '''PhET simulations'''.
+
|| In this tutorial, we have demonstrated how to use '''Gravity and Orbits''' and '''My Solar System''', '''PhET simulations''',
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 14:07
 
|| 14:07
−
|| Using this '''simulations''' we have, Described the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and Satellite.
+
|| Using this '''simulations''', we have described the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and Satellite,
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 04:15
 
|| 04:15
−
|| Studied the effect of mass and distance on gravitational force.
+
|| studied the effect of mass and distance on gravitational force,
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 14:20
 
|| 14:20
−
|| Explained how gravity controls the motion of our solar system.
+
|| explained how gravity controls the motion of our solar system,
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 14:25
 
|| 14:25
−
|| Identified the variables that affect the strength of gravity.
+
|| identified the variables that affect the strength of gravity,
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 14:30
 
|| 14:30
−
|| And Determined the gravitational force.  
+
|| and determined the gravitational force.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 14:35
 
|| 14:35
−
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.  
+
|| The video at the following link summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial''' project.  
  
 
Please download and watch it.  
 
Please download and watch it.  
Line 643: Line 641:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 14:44
 
|| 14:44
−
|| The Spoken Tutorial Project team: conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and  
+
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial''' Project team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and  
  
 
gives certificates on passing online tests.  
 
gives certificates on passing online tests.  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
||15:12
 
||15:12
−
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.  
+
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by '''NMEICT, MHRD,''' Government of India.  
  
 
More information on this mission is available at this link.  
 
More information on this mission is available at this link.  

Latest revision as of 15:13, 13 August 2018

Time Narration
00:01 Welcome to this tutorial on Gravity and Solar System.
00:06 In this tutorial, we will demonstrate Gravity and Orbits and My Solar System, PhET simulations.
00:16 Here I am using- Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04
00:23 Java version 1.7.0 and
00:27 Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2
00:34 To follow this tutorial, learner should be familiar with topics in high-school science.
00:42 Using these simulations, we will -

1. Describe the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and satellite.

00:51 2. Study the effect of mass and distance on gravitational force.
00:56 3. Explain how gravity controls the motion of our solar system.
01:02 4. Identify the variables that affect the strength of gravity.
01:08 5. And, determine the gravitational force.
01:12 In our solar system, all the celestial objects revolve around the Sun.
01:18 These objects are planets, moons, comets, asteroids, meteors and meteorites.
01:27 There exists a force of attraction between the Sun and the celestial objects.
01:34 This force of attraction is gravitational force.
01:39 Let us begin the demonstration.
01:43 Use the given link to download the simulation.
01:48 I have already downloaded Gravity and Orbits simulation to my Downloads folder.
01:55 To open the simulation, right click on gravity-and-orbits_en.html file.
02:01 Select Open With Firefox Web Browser option.
02:06 Simulation opens in the browser.
02:10 This is the interface of Gravity and Orbits simulation.
02:16 The interface has two screens-

Model,

To Scale.

02:22 Let us begin our demonstration with Model screen.
02:26 Click on Model screen to open it.
02:29 On the right side of the screen you can see a box.
02:34 It has four solar system like models.
02:38 Next to models, there is a gray colored Reset button.
02:43 This button sets the solar system to its default state.
02:48 We can select Gravity, using on and off radio buttons.
02:54 Below Gravity, we have check-boxes for-

Gravity Force,

Velocity,

Path and

Grid .

03:03 Click on all the check-boxes.
03:06 Below this box, we have another box.

It consists of sliders to change the mass of Star and Planet.

03:15 Bottom of the screen, we have Fast Forward, Normal and Slow motion radio buttons to change the animation speed.
03:25 By default, Normal speed is selected.
03:29 Also, there are Rewind, Play/Pause and Step buttons,
03:35 Clear button to reset the Earth Days count,
03:39 Reset button to reset the simulation.
03:43 By default, Sun and Earth system is selected.
03:48 Now click on Play button.
03:51 Notice that Earth revolves around the sun along a circular path.
03:57 This circular motion is due to centripetal force.
04:02 Centripetal force causes change in acceleration and keeps the body moving along the circular path.
04:11 This force acts towards the center.
04:15 This circular path is its orbit.
04:19 Earth changes its direction of revolution at every point on the orbit.
04:25 Notice that direction of Earth's velocity is perpendicular to Sun's gravitational pull.
04:32 Now, let us count Earth Days.
04:35 Click on Reset arrow to bring the sun and earth to its default position.
04:42 Observe the changes in the Earth Days as earth orbits the sun.
04:48 Now we will change the animation to slow, to count the days precisely.
05:00 Click on Pause to pause the simulation.
05:04 Earth takes 365 days to complete one revolution.
05:09 Next we will see what happens to earth in the absence of gravity.
05:14 Click on off radio button.
05:17 Now we will change the animation to normal.
05:21 Then click on Play button.
05:24 Observe that in the absence of Gravity, Earth files off along a straight line.
05:31 This motion is tangential to the circular path.
05:35 Click on Return Objects button.
05:38 Earth will return to its default position.
05:42 Now we will see the effect of change in mass on an orbit.
05:48 By default, the Star Mass slider is at Our Sun.
05:53 Let's drag the Star Mass slider towards 1.5.
05:58 As you drag, observe the increase in size of the star.
06:03 Next, click Gravity's on radio button and then Play button.
06:10 Observe the path of the orbit.
06:13 Earth now moves in an elliptical path.
06:17 Size of the orbit also becomes small.
06:21 Here, sun is not at the centre of the orbit.
06:26 Note that Earth Days decrease with the increase in the mass of the sun.
06:32 Drag the Planet Mass slider towards 1.5.
06:37 Notice that force of gravity between them increases.
06:42 Click on Pause button to pause the simulation.
06:46 Click on the planet and drag it away from the sun.
06:51 Click on the Play button.
06:53 Observe that gravitational force decreases with increase in the distance between planet and sun.
07:01 Click on Pause button. Click on Reset button to reset the system.
07:08 Now select Sun, Earth and Moon system.
07:12 Drag the slider towards plus sign (+) to zoom in the view.
07:17 Then click on Play button.
07:20 Notice that moon is in spiral orbit with earth while earth is in circular orbit with sun.
07:29 Here moon is a satellite of the earth.
07:34 As an assignment, using Model screen, explore earth, moon and earth, satellite systems.
07:43 Now we will move on to To Scale screen.
07:47 Click on To Scale screen at the bottom of the interface.
07:52 To Scale screen has same tools as that of Model screen.
07:57 This screen has two additional check-boxes-

Mass and

Measuring Tape.

08:04 Click on Mass, Path and Grid check-boxes.
08:09 By default, sun and earth system is selected.
08:14 Here, star's mass is 333 thousand Earth masses and planet's mass is 1 Earth mass.
08:24 Click on Play button to show the path of revolution.
08:28 Then click on pause button.
08:31 Let's measure the distance between star and Earth.
08:35 Check against Measuring Tape check-box.
08:39 Uncheck Mass check-box.
08:42 This will enable us to measure the distance precisely.
08:47 Drag the zoom in slider towards plus sign (+) to zoom in the view.
08:52 Place the Measuring Tape on star and drag the other end to the planet.
09:00 Note the distance between star and planet.
09:04 It is 91503 thousand miles.
09:10 This value may vary a little in your case because sun is also in motion.
09:17 Let us calculate gravitational force between Earth and sun.
09:22 Universal law of gravitation- Force of attraction between any two objects is proportional to the product of their masses.
09:33 It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
09:38 This force is along the line joining the centers of two objects.
09:44 Gravitational force is calculated by using following formula where G is universal gravitation constant,
09:53 capital M is mass of sun,
09:58 small m is mass of earth
10:02 and d is distance between earth and planet.
10:07 We substitute the values of G, capital M, small m and d in this formula.
10:15 This will give us the value of the Gravitational force between sun and Earth.
10:21 The value is 3.6 x1022 N(newton).
10:28 As an assignment, using To Scale screen, determine the gravitational force between Earth and satellite.
10:37 Now we will move on to My Solar System PhET simulation.
10:43 I have already downloaded My Solar System simulation to my Downloads folder.
10:50 To run the simulation, open the terminal.

At the prompt, type: cd Downloads and press Enter.

11:01 Then type: java space hyphen jar space my-solar-system_en.jar and press Enter.
11:17 My Solar System simulation opens.
11:21 This is the interface of My Solar System simulation.
11:26 Screen has a system drop-down box on the right side.
11:30 Here, we can select a pair of solar systems of our choice.
11:36 Below the drop-down box there is another box.
11:40 It consists of Start, Stop and Reset buttons.
11:45 We have check-boxes for System Centered, Show Traces, Show Grid and Tape Measure.
11:55 Use these check-boxes as and when required.
11:59 There is a slider to control the speed of animation.
12:03 Screen is provided with Initial Settings at the bottom.
12:08 Here we can input the mass, position and velocity values in their respective boxes.
12:16 We can also use radio-buttons to select a number of bodies.
12:20 Now click on drop down arrow.
12:24 Scroll to Sun, planet, comet and click on it.
12:28 We see 3 coloured objects planet, sun and comet.
12:37 Red coloured arrow indicates the velocity.
12:41 It is a vector quantity indicated by V in circle.
12:46 Click on Start button and observe the orbits. Comet moves around the sun in an elliptical orbit.
12:55 Click on Stop button.
12:57 Hover the mouse over Sun, Planet and comet to get their mass, current position and velocity.
13:09 Click on start button.
13:12 After a few revolutions the comet collides with the Sun and disappears.
13:19 Select Four star ballet and click on Start button.
13:25 Observe the orbits. Then click on Stop button.
13:31 Hover the mouse on the bodies to get their mass, position and velocity.
13:39 As an assignment, select various systems and observe the orbits.
13:46 Change the initial settings and observe the changes in the orbits and explain the observation.
13:54 Let us Summarise.
13:57 In this tutorial, we have demonstrated how to use Gravity and Orbits and My Solar System, PhET simulations,
14:07 Using this simulations, we have described the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and Satellite,
04:15 studied the effect of mass and distance on gravitational force,
14:20 explained how gravity controls the motion of our solar system,
14:25 identified the variables that affect the strength of gravity,
14:30 and determined the gravitational force.
14:35 The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

14:44 The Spoken Tutorial Project team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

14:54 For more details, please write to us.
14:58 Please post your timed queries on this forum.
15:03 This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.
15:12 Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.

15:25 This is Meenal Ghoderao from IIT Bombay.

Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Madhurig, PoojaMoolya, Sandhya.np14

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