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| − | !Visual Cue
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| − | !Narration
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| − | ||Slide Number 1
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| − | Title slide
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| − | Hello everybody.
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| − | Welcome to this tutorial on '''Special Commands''' in '''KTurtle.'''
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| − | |-
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| − | ||'''Slide Number 2'''
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| − |
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| − | '''Learning Objectives'''
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| − | ||In this tutorial, we will learn about
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| − | * '''“learn”''' command and
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| − | * '''“random”''' Command
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| − | ||'''Slide Number 3'''
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| − |
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| − | '''System Requirement'''
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| − | ||To record this tutorial I am using,
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| − | Ubuntu Linux OS version. 12.04.
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| − | KTurtle version. 0.8.1 beta.
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| − | ||'''Slide Number 4'''
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| − |
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| − | '''Pre-requisites'''
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| − | ||We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle
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| − |
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| − | If not,
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| − | for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.
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| − |
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| − | '''http://spoken-tutorial.org'''
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| − | |-
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| − | ||Switch to '''KTurtle''' Application
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| − |
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| − | '''Dash home''' >>In the Search bar type '''KTurtle.'''
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| − | Click on the '''KTurtle''' icon.
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| − | ||Let's open a new KTurtle Application.
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| − | Click on '''Dash home.'''
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| − | In the Search bar, type '''KTurtle'''.
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| − | Click on the''' KTurtle''' icon.
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| − | |-
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| − | ||
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| − | ||Let's first look at “learn” command
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| − | |-
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| − | ||'''Slide Number 5'''
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| − | '''learn''' command
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| − | ||''' learn''' is special command as it is used to create your own commands.
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| − |
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| − | 'learn' Command you create can take input and return output.
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| − | |-
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| − | ||'''Zoom text'''
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| − | ||I will zoom the program text to have a clear view.
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| − | |-
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| − | ||
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| − | '''Switch to Kturtle Window'''
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| − | '''repeat 4'''
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| − | {
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| − | '''forward 10'''
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| − |
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| − | '''turnleft 90'''
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| − | }
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| − | ||
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| − | Let us take a look at how a new command is created.
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| − |
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| − | Let's type a code in the editor to draw a square:
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| − |
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| − | '''repeat 4''' within curly brackets
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| − | {
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| − | '''forward 10'''
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| − |
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| − | '''turnleft 90'''
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| − |
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| − | }
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| − |
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| − | here the number '''10''' specfies the length of the side of the square.
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| − | |-
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| − | ||Highlight '''learn''' and '''square''' commands
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| − | ||Now let's learn the commands involved to draw a square, using the '''learn''' command.
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| − |
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| − | We will name of this set of commands to draw a square as square.
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| − | The command ''''learn'''' is followed by the name of the command to be learnt, in this case it is a '''square.'''
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| − | |-
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| − | ||Type the code
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| − | ||Let's type the following code
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| − | '''learn''' space '''square $x'''
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| − |
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| − | let's include the '''learn''' command within curly brackets
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| − | {
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| − | '''repeat 4'''
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| − | {
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| − |
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| − | let's repace number 10 by $x
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| − | '''forward $x'''
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| − |
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| − | '''turnleft 90'''
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| − | }
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| − | }
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| − | |-
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| − | || Highlight '''square''' command
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| − | ||New command that we have defined is called '''square.'''
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| − |
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| − | '''square''' takes one input argument, '''$x''' to set the size of the square.
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| − |
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| − | Note that when you run this code, square returns no output.
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| − | The command '''learn''' is just 'learning' the other command square to be used later.
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| − | '''square''' command can now be used like a normal command in the rest of the code.
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| − | |-
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| − | ||Type the code
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| − | ||Let me add few more lines here.
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| − | Let's type
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| − | '''learn square $x'''
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| − |
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| − | {
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| − | '''repeat 4'''
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| − |
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| − | {
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| − | '''forward $x'''
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| − |
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| − | '''turnleft 90'''
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| − | }
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| − | }
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| − | '''go 200,200'''
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| − | '''square 100'''
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| − | ||'''Run the code'''
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| − | ||Let's click on Run code
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| − |
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| − | Turtle draws a square on the canvas.
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| − | The command square can be used any where any number of times in the program.
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| − | ||Replace 100 by 50.
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| − | ||Let's now replace 100 by 50.
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| − | ||'''Run the code'''
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| − | ||Let's run again
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| − | '''Turtle''' draws an another square with dimension 50.
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| − | Please note that this command can be used only within the scope of this program
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| − | ||'''Clear code'''
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| − | ||I will clear the current code from editor.
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| − | Type “clear” command and Run to clean the canvas.
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| − | ||
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| − | ||Next we will learn about “random” command.
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| − | ||'''Slide Number 6'''
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| − | "random" command
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| − | “random” command takes input and gives output.
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| − | Syntax for this command is “random X,Y”
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| − |
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| − | where X and Y are two inputs.
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| − | X sets minimum output and Y sets maximum.
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| − | Output is a randomly chosen number between X and Y.
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| − | ||Let's put the “random” command to use in the application.
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| − | I already have the code in a text editor.
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| − | Let me explain the code.
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| − | ||Highlight '''reset'''
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| − | ||“reset” command sets '''Turtle''' to default position
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| − | |-
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| − | ||Highlight random 1,20
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| − | ||Here, the command '''random 1,20''' selects a random number which is equal or greater than 1 and equal or lesser than 20,
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| − | and assigns it to the variable x.
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| − | ||Highlight '''repeat 36'''
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| − | {
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| − | '''forward $x '''
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| − | '''turnleft 10'''
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| − | }
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| − | ||The '''repeat''' command and the commands within curly brackets draw a circle
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| − | ||'''reset''' '''
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| − | $x=random 1,2'''0
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| − | '''repeat 36'''
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| − |
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| − | {
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| − | '''forward $x'''
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| − | '''turnleft 10'''
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| − | }
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| − | ||I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle''' editor.
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| − | Pause the tutorial and type the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor.
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| − | Resume the tutorial after typing the program
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| − | ||'''Run the code'''
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| − | ||When we run this code,
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| − | '''Turtle''' draws a circle which is between 1 and 20 on the canvas.
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| − | Let us execute this code a few times,
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| − | and you can see that a circle with a different size is generated each time.
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| − | Every time you exceute this code, a circle with a different radius is drawn on the canvas.
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| − | ||
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| − | ||
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| − | Let us now use both the learn and random commands in an example.
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| − | ||clear current code
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| − | ||I will clear the current code and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
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| − | ||
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| − | ||I already have a code in the Text editor.
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| − | I will explain the code.
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| − | ||
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| − | Highlight '''reset'''
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| − | ||“reset” command sets Turtle to its default position.
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| − | |-
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| − | ||Highlight canvassize 300,300
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| − | ||'''canvassize 300,300''' sets the width and height of the canvas to 300 pixels each.
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| − | ||Highlight '''$R, $G''', and '''$B'''
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| − | ||'''$R, $G,''' and '''$B''' are three variables to which I am assigning random values between 0 and 255.
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| − | ||Highlight '''canvascolor $R,$G,$B''' ,
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| − | ||In the command '''canvascolor $R,$G,$B''' ,
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| − | the Red-Green-Blue combination is replaced by the values assigned to the
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| − | variables R, G, and B in the previous step.
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| − | The canvas color is randomly set when this command is executed.
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| − | ||Highlight $red, $green and $blue
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| − | ||$red, $blue, $green are another set of variables
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| − | to which random values between 0 and 255 are assigned randomly.
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| − | '''pencolor $red, $green, $blue''' the Red-Green-Blue combination values are replaced by the variables
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| − | '''$red''', '''$green''' and '''$blue''' to which random values were assigned
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| − | in the previous step.
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| − | ||Highlight '''pencolor $red,$blue,$green'''
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| − | ||The color of the pen is also set randomly when the command is executed.
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| − | ||Highlight '''penwidth 2'''
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| − | ||'''penwidth 2''' sets the width of the pen to 2 pixels.
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| − | ||code to a circle
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| − | || Next I have entered the code to learn to draw a circle.
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| − | Here $x represents the size of the circle.
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| − | The '''repeat''' command followed by the code in curly brackets draws a circle.
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| − | ||Highlight '''go commands and circle commands'''
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| − | ||
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| − | The next set of commands that is the '''go''' commands
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| − | followed by the '''circle''' commands draws circles with the specified sizes.
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| − | ||Example circle
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| − | ||For example:
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| − | “ circle 5” draws a circle of size 5
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| − | At the co-ordinates X and Y specified in the go command.
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| − | For each circle, I have specified different positions on the canvas.
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| − | ||'''reset'''
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| − | '''canvassize 300,300'''
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| − | '''$R= random 0,255'''
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| − | '''$G=random 0,255'''
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| − | '''$B=random 0,255'''
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| − | '''canvascolor $R,$G,$B'''
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| − | '''$red=random 0,255'''
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| − | '''$blue=random 0,255'''
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| − | '''$green=random 0,255'''
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| − | '''pencolor $red,$blue,$green'''
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| − | '''penwidth 2'''
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| − | '''learn circle $x'''{
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| − | '''repeat 36'''{
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| − | '''forward $x'''
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| − |
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| − | '''turnleft 10'''
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| − | }
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| − | }
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| − | '''go 85,85'''
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| − | '''circle 5'''
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| − | '''go 115,115'''
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| − | '''circle 5'''
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| − | '''go 145,145'''
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| − | '''circle 5'''
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| − | '''go 190,190'''
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| − | '''circle 5'''
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| − | '''go 220,220'''
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| − | '''circle 10'''
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| − | '''go 0,0'''
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| − | ||
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| − | I will copy this code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
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| − | Pause the tutorial and type the program into ypur KTurtle editor.
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| − | Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
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| − | ||Execute code
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| − | ||I will execute this code in Fullspeed.
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| − | You can execute your code at any of the speeds specified in the Run option.
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| − | I will run this code few more times.
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| − | You can see the difference in randomly set values of pen color and canvas color.
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| − | Note the change in the color of the pen and the canvas on each execution.
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| − | You can execute the code how many ever times you want and note the change in
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| − | the randomly set values.
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| − | ||With this we come to the end of this tutorial.
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| − | Let's summarize
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| − | ||Summary
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| − | ||In this tutorial we have learnt about,
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| − | * “learn” command and
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| − | * “random” command.
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| − | |-
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| − | ||Switch to Slide 6
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| − | Switch to KTurtle Window & Show Assignment
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| − | ||As an assignment for you to solve,
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| − |
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| − | * Using the learn command, draw a
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| − | * pentagon
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| − | * square
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| − | * rectangle
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| − | * hexagon on the four corners of your canvas and a
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| − | * circle at the centre of the canvas.
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| − |
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| − | * Using the “random” command create various colors and
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| − | * Customize your geometric shapes and canvas.
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| − | |-
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| − | ||'''Slide number 11'''
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| − | '''Acknowledgement'''
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| − | ||Watch the video available at this URL
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| − | '''http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial'''
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| − | It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project
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| − | If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
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| − | ||'''Slide Number 12'''
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| − | ||The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :
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| − | Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
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| − | Gives certificates to those who pass an online test
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| − | For more details, please write to
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| − | '''contact@spoken-tutorial.org'''
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| − | ||'''Slide number 13'''
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| − | ||Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
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| − | It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
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| − | More information on this Mission is available at this link
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| − | '''http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ]'''
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| − | The script is contributed by IT for change, Bangaluru.
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| − | This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining.
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| − | |-
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