Difference between revisions of "KTurtle/C3/Common-Errors-in-KTurtle/English-timed"

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|'''Time'''
 
|'''Time'''
 
|'''Narration'''
 
|'''Narration'''
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:01
 
|| 00:01
 
|| Welcome to this tutorial on '''Common Errors in KTurtle.'''
 
|| Welcome to this tutorial on '''Common Errors in KTurtle.'''
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:07
 
|| 00:07
 
||In this tutorial, we will learn about:
 
||In this tutorial, we will learn about:
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:10
 
|| 00:10
−
||* '''Syntax errors'''   
+
||'''Syntax errors'''   
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:12
 
|| 00:12
−
||* '''Run time errors'''  and
+
|| '''Run time errors'''  and
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:14
 
|| 00:14
−
||* '''Logical errors'''.
+
|| '''Logical errors'''.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:17
 
|| 00:17
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|-
 
|-
 
||00:20
 
||00:20
−
|* '''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version '''12.04'''  
+
|'''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version '''12.04'''  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:25
 
|| 00:25
−
|* '''KTurtle''' version '''0.8.1 beta'''.
+
| '''KTurtle''' version '''0.8.1 beta'''.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:31
 
|| 00:31
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|If not,  for relevant tutorials, please visit our website:  
 
|If not,  for relevant tutorials, please visit our website:  
 
http://spoken-tutorial.org'''
 
http://spoken-tutorial.org'''
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:42
 
|| 00:42
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|| 00:46
 
|| 00:46
 
|'''Error''' is a mistake in a program that produces an incorrect or unexpected result.
 
|'''Error''' is a mistake in a program that produces an incorrect or unexpected result.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||00:55
 
||00:55
 
||First, I will explain about types of '''errors.'''
 
||First, I will explain about types of '''errors.'''
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 01:00
 
|| 01:00
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|-
 
|-
 
|| 01:23
 
|| 01:23
−
||* Unmatched parentheses, square and curly braces.  
+
|| Unmatched parentheses, square and curly braces.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 01:29
+
||01:29
−
||* Use of ''' variable''' that has not been declared.
+
||Use of ''' variable''' that has not been declared.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 01:34
 
|| 01:34
−
||* Missing '''quotes''' in '''strings.'''
+
||Missing '''quotes''' in '''strings.'''
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 01:38
 
|| 01:38
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|| 01:48
 
|| 01:48
 
|Click on the  '''KTurtle''' icon.
 
|Click on the  '''KTurtle''' icon.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||01:51
 
||01:51
 
||Let's begin the tutorial with some types of''' syntax errors'''.
 
||Let's begin the tutorial with some types of''' syntax errors'''.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||01:58
 
||01:58
 
||I already have a program in a text-editor.  
 
||I already have a program in a text-editor.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 02:02
 
|| 02:02
 
||To explain the '''error''' in the program, I will '''comment''' part of the '''code'''.  
 
||To explain the '''error''' in the program, I will '''comment''' part of the '''code'''.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 02:09
 
|| 02:09
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|| 02:11
 
|| 02:11
 
||'''$a=ask''' within double quotes "enter any number and click Ok".
 
||'''$a=ask''' within double quotes "enter any number and click Ok".
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||02:19
 
||02:19
 
||I will use hash(#) sign to '''comment''' the line.
 
||I will use hash(#) sign to '''comment''' the line.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 02:23
 
|| 02:23
Line 112: Line 127:
 
|| 02:31
 
|| 02:31
 
|Pause the tutorial here and type the program into  your '''KTurtle''' editor.  
 
|Pause the tutorial here and type the program into  your '''KTurtle''' editor.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 02:37
 
|| 02:37
 
|Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
 
|Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 02:42
 
|| 02:42
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|| 02:50
 
|| 02:50
 
|"variable '$a' was used without first being assigned  to a value".
 
|"variable '$a' was used without first being assigned  to a value".
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 02:57
 
|| 02:57
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||03:02
 
||03:02
 
||This is a '''syntax error'''. It occurred as the variable  'a' was not declared.
 
||This is a '''syntax error'''. It occurred as the variable  'a' was not declared.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 03:10
 
|| 03:10
 
||So, I will go to line number 2, remove the '''comment'''.
 
||So, I will go to line number 2, remove the '''comment'''.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03:14
+
|| 03:14
−
|| I will copy the program from text-editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
+
||I will copy the program from text-editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 03:23
 
|| 03:23
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|| 03:31
 
|| 03:31
 
|Program runs without errors.  
 
|Program runs without errors.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 03:35
 
|| 03:35
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|| 03:38
 
|| 03:38
 
|Type "clear" command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 
|Type "clear" command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||03:43
 
||03:43
 
|| Let's next look at another error.
 
|| Let's next look at another error.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||03:46
 
||03:46
 
||I already have a program in a text-editor.  
 
||I already have a program in a text-editor.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 03:50
 
|| 03:50
 
||Here, the value of "pi" is predefined in KTurtle.
 
||Here, the value of "pi" is predefined in KTurtle.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 03:54
 
|| 03:54
 
||Let's delete the '$' sign in the program.  
 
||Let's delete the '$' sign in the program.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03:58
+
|| 03:58
 
||I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into Kturtle's Editor.  
 
||I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into Kturtle's Editor.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 04:05
 
|| 04:05
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|| 04:11
 
|| 04:11
 
|Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
 
|Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 04:16
 
|| 04:16
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|| 04:22
 
|| 04:22
 
|"You cannot put '=' here".
 
|"You cannot put '=' here".
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 04:26
 
|| 04:26
 
||This error is in line number 2.  
 
||This error is in line number 2.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 04:30
 
|| 04:30
 
||This is a syntax error. It occurred as there is no '''container'''  of variable.
 
||This is a syntax error. It occurred as there is no '''container'''  of variable.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 04:37
 
|| 04:37
 
||Let's go back to the program, replace the '$' sign.
 
||Let's go back to the program, replace the '$' sign.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 04:41
+
|| 04:41
 
||I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.  
 
||I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||04:49
 
||04:49
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|| 04:57
 
|| 04:57
 
|Program runs without errors.
 
|Program runs without errors.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 05:00
 
|| 05:00
 
||Let's remove one of the quotes of the '''string'''.  
 
||Let's remove one of the quotes of the '''string'''.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||05:05
 
||05:05
 
|| I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.  
 
|| I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 05:12
 
|| 05:12
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|| 05:18
 
|| 05:18
 
|'Text string was not properly closed, expected a double quote (") to close the string'.
 
|'Text string was not properly closed, expected a double quote (") to close the string'.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 05:25
 
|| 05:25
 
||Here, the error is in line number 2.  
 
||Here, the error is in line number 2.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||05:29
 
||05:29
 
|| I will  go  back to line number 2 and replace the quotes.  
 
|| I will  go  back to line number 2 and replace the quotes.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 05:34
+
|| 05:34
 
||I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into Kturtle's editor.  
 
||I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into Kturtle's editor.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 05:41
 
|| 05:41
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|| 05:52
 
|| 05:52
 
|This way you can find the line at which error has occurred and also correct it.  
 
|This way you can find the line at which error has occurred and also correct it.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||05:59
 
||05:59
 
||Let's now learn about '''run time''' errors.
 
||Let's now learn about '''run time''' errors.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 06:04
 
|| 06:04
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|-
 
|-
−
|| 06:27
+
||06:27
 
|For example:
 
|For example:
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 06:29
 
|| 06:29
−
|* Trying to divide by a '''variable''' that contains no value.
+
|Trying to divide by a '''variable''' that contains no value.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 06:31
 
|| 06:31
−
|* Run a '''loop''' without a terminating '''condition''' or '''increment value'''.
+
| Run a '''loop''' without a terminating '''condition''' or '''increment value'''.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||06:43
 
||06:43
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|| 06:47
 
|| 06:47
 
|Type "clear" command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 
|Type "clear" command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 06:52
 
|| 06:52
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|| 07:00
 
|| 07:00
 
|'a' is''' dividend''' and 'r' is '''divisor'''.  
 
|'a' is''' dividend''' and 'r' is '''divisor'''.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||07:04   
 
||07:04   
Line 312: Line 359:
 
|| 07:16
 
|| 07:16
 
|Resume the tutorial after typing the program.  
 
|Resume the tutorial after typing the program.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 07:20
 
|| 07:20
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|| 07:36
 
|| 07:36
 
|“you tried to divide by zero”.
 
|“you tried to divide by zero”.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 07:39
 
|| 07:39
 
||This error is in line number 4.
 
||This error is in line number 4.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 07:43
 
|| 07:43
 
||This error occurs as we cannot divide a number with zero.
 
||This error occurs as we cannot divide a number with zero.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 07:49
 
|| 07:49
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|| 07:54
 
|| 07:54
 
|enter '2' for 'r' and click '''OK'''.  
 
|enter '2' for 'r' and click '''OK'''.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 07:58
 
|| 07:58
 
|Program runs without errors.
 
|Program runs without errors.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 08:01
 
|| 08:01
Line 358: Line 411:
 
|| 08:05
 
|| 08:05
 
|Type "clear" command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 
|Type "clear" command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||08:10
 
||08:10
 
||Next, we will learn about ''' logical errors'''.
 
||Next, we will learn about ''' logical errors'''.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 08:14
 
|| 08:14
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|-
 
|-
 
|| 08:28
 
|| 08:28
−
|* Assigning a value to a wrong variable.
+
|Assigning a value to a wrong variable.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 08:32
 
|| 08:32
−
|* Multiplying two numbers instead of adding.
+
|Multiplying two numbers instead of adding.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||08:36
 
||08:36
Line 401: Line 457:
 
|| 09:05
 
|| 09:05
 
||Loop goes into an '''infinite loop'''.  
 
||Loop goes into an '''infinite loop'''.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||  09:08
 
||  09:08
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|| 09:28
 
|| 09:28
 
||So, the loop never terminates.
 
||So, the loop never terminates.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 09:31
 
|| 09:31
 
||I will click on '''Abort''' button to abort the process.  
 
||I will click on '''Abort''' button to abort the process.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 09:36
 
|| 09:36
 
||Let's change $x=$x+1 to $x=$x-1.  
 
||Let's change $x=$x+1 to $x=$x-1.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||09:44
 
||09:44
 
|| I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
 
|| I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
 +
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 09:51
 
|| 09:51
Line 440: Line 501:
 
|| 09:59
 
|| 09:59
 
||Loop terminates after printing the values from 29 to 20.  
 
||Loop terminates after printing the values from 29 to 20.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||10:05
 
||10:05
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|| 10:10
 
|| 10:10
 
||Let us summarize.
 
||Let us summarize.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 10:12
 
|| 10:12
Line 453: Line 516:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 10:18
 
|| 10:18
−
|* Use of variable that has not been declared.
+
|Use of variable that has not been declared.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 10:23
 
|| 10:23
−
|* Missing '''quotes''' in '''string'''s.
+
|Missing '''quotes''' in '''string'''s.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 10:27
 
|| 10:27
−
|* '''Runtime errors''' and
+
|''Runtime errors''' and
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 10:30
 
|| 10:30
−
||* '''Logical errors'''.
+
||'''Logical errors'''.As an assignment, I would like you to find errors in the given programs.
−
|-
+
−
|| 10:31
+
−
||As an assignment, I would like you to find errors in the given programs.
+
 
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
Line 474: Line 534:
 
||Watch the video available at this URl:
 
||Watch the video available at this URl:
 
http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken-Tutorial  
 
http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken-Tutorial  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 10:50
 
|| 10:50
 
|It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.  
 
|It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 10:54
 
|| 10:54
 
|If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.  
 
|If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||10:59
 
||10:59
−
||The Spoken Tutorial Project team :
+
||The Spoken Tutorial Project team :Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
  
−
|-
 
−
|| 11:01
 
−
|* Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 11:05
 
|| 11:05
−
|* Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.  
+
|Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 11:09
 
|| 11:09
 
|For more details, please write to:
 
|For more details, please write to:
 
contact@spoken-tutorial.org
 
contact@spoken-tutorial.org
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 11: 17
+
|| 11:17
 
||'''Spoken Tutorial''' project is a part of the '''Talk to a Teacher''' project.  
 
||'''Spoken Tutorial''' project is a part of the '''Talk to a Teacher''' project.  
  
Line 510: Line 572:
 
||11:37
 
||11:37
 
||This is Madhuri Ganpathi from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off.  
 
||This is Madhuri Ganpathi from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||11:41  
 
||11:41  
 
||Thank you  for joining.
 
||Thank you  for joining.

Revision as of 18:53, 9 March 2017

Time Narration
00:01 Welcome to this tutorial on Common Errors in KTurtle.
00:07 In this tutorial, we will learn about:
00:10 Syntax errors
00:12 Run time errors and
00:14 Logical errors.
00:17 To record this tutorial, I am using:
00:20 Ubuntu Linux OS version 12.04
00:25 KTurtle version 0.8.1 beta.
00:31 We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle.
00:36 If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website:

http://spoken-tutorial.org

00:42 Let's first define- What is an error?
00:46 Error is a mistake in a program that produces an incorrect or unexpected result.
00:55 First, I will explain about types of errors.
01:00 Syntax error is a violation of grammatical rules of a programming language.
01:09 Compilation fails when a program has syntax errors.
01:15 Syntax errors are easy to find and fix.
01:22 For Example:
01:23 Unmatched parentheses, square and curly braces.
01:29 Use of variable that has not been declared.
01:34 Missing quotes in strings.
01:38 Let's open a new KTurtle Application.
01:42 Click on Dash home. In the Search bar, type: "kturtle".
01:48 Click on the KTurtle icon.
01:51 Let's begin the tutorial with some types of syntax errors.
01:58 I already have a program in a text-editor.
02:02 To explain the error in the program, I will comment part of the code.
02:09 Here, I will comment the line.
02:11 $a=ask within double quotes "enter any number and click Ok".
02:19 I will use hash(#) sign to comment the line.
02:23 I will copy the program from text-editor and paste it into Kturtle's editor.
02:31 Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
02:37 Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
02:42 Let's click on Run button to run the program.
02:47 Compiler shows the following error:
02:50 "variable '$a' was used without first being assigned to a value".
02:57 Here, the error is in line number 4.
03:02 This is a syntax error. It occurred as the variable 'a' was not declared.
03:10 So, I will go to line number 2, remove the comment.
03:14 I will copy the program from text-editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
03:23 Let's click on Run button to run the program.
03:27 Enter '6' for 'a' value and click OK.
03:31 Program runs without errors.
03:35 I will clear the current program from KTurtle editor.
03:38 Type "clear" command and Run to clean the canvas.
03:43 Let's next look at another error.
03:46 I already have a program in a text-editor.
03:50 Here, the value of "pi" is predefined in KTurtle.
03:54 Let's delete the '$' sign in the program.
03:58 I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into Kturtle's Editor.
04:05 Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
04:11 Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
04:16 Let's click on Run button to run the program.
04:19 Complier shows the following error:
04:22 "You cannot put '=' here".
04:26 This error is in line number 2.
04:30 This is a syntax error. It occurred as there is no container of variable.
04:37 Let's go back to the program, replace the '$' sign.
04:41 I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
04:49 Let's click on Run button to run the program.
04:53 Enter 45 for angle value and click OK.
04:57 Program runs without errors.
05:00 Let's remove one of the quotes of the string.
05:05 I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
05:12 Click on Run button to run the program.
05:15 Complier shows the following error:
05:18 'Text string was not properly closed, expected a double quote (") to close the string'.
05:25 Here, the error is in line number 2.
05:29 I will go back to line number 2 and replace the quotes.
05:34 I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into Kturtle's editor.
05:41 Click on Run button to run the program.
05:44 Enter '45' for angle value and click OK.
05:49 Program runs without errors.
05:52 This way you can find the line at which error has occurred and also correct it.
05:59 Let's now learn about run time errors.
06:04 Run-time error occurs during the execution of a program.
06:10 It may crash the program when you run it.
06:15 Runtime errors are commonly due to wrong input from the user.
06:23 Compiler cannot find these errors.
06:27 For example:
06:29 Trying to divide by a variable that contains no value.
06:31 Run a loop without a terminating condition or increment value.
06:43 I will clear the current program from the editor.
06:47 Type "clear" command and Run to clean the canvas.
06:52 I already have a program in a text editor.
06:56 This program divides two numbers.
07:00 'a' is dividend and 'r' is divisor.
07:04 I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
07:11 Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
07:16 Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
07:20 Let us click on Run button to run the program.
07:24 Let's enter '5' for 'a' and click OK,
07:29 enter '0' for 'r' and click OK.
07:33 Here, we get a run time error:
07:36 “you tried to divide by zero”.
07:39 This error is in line number 4.
07:43 This error occurs as we cannot divide a number with zero.
07:49 Let us run again.
07:51 Enter '5' for 'a' and click OK,
07:54 enter '2' for 'r' and click OK.
07:58 Program runs without errors.
08:01 I will clear the current program from KTurtle editor.
08:05 Type "clear" command and Run to clean the canvas.
08:10 Next, we will learn about logical errors.
08:14 Logical error is a mistake in a program's source code that results in incorrect or unexpected behavior.
08:26 For example-
08:28 Assigning a value to a wrong variable.
08:32 Multiplying two numbers instead of adding.
08:36 I already have a program in a text editor.
08:39 I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into Kturtle's editor.
08:47 Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
08:52 Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
08:57 Now click on the Run button to run the program.
09:01 A dialog-box pops-up; let's click OK.
09:05 Loop goes into an infinite loop.
09:08 We see that “while” loop prints numbers from 31 and is still printing.
09:15 This is a logical error.
09:18 In the “while” condition 'x' is greater than 20
09:23 but the variable 'x' is always greater than 20.
09:28 So, the loop never terminates.
09:31 I will click on Abort button to abort the process.
09:36 Let's change $x=$x+1 to $x=$x-1.
09:44 I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
09:51 Let's click on Run button to run the program.
09:55 A dialog-box pops up. Let us click OK.
09:59 Loop terminates after printing the values from 29 to 20.
10:05 With this, we come to the end of this tutorial.
10:10 Let us summarize.
10:12 In this tutorial, we have learnt errors and types of errors such as-
10:18 Use of variable that has not been declared.
10:23 Missing quotes in strings.
10:27 Runtime errors' and
10:30 Logical errors.As an assignment, I would like you to find errors in the given programs.
10:46 Watch the video available at this URl:

http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken-Tutorial

10:50 It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
10:54 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
10:59 The Spoken Tutorial Project team :Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
11:05 Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
11:09 For more details, please write to:

contact@spoken-tutorial.org

11:17 Spoken Tutorial project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
11:23 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
11:31 More information on this mission is available at this link:

http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro.

11:37 This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay, signing off.
11:41 Thank you for joining.
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