Difference between revisions of "Linux/C2/Simple-filters/English-timed"
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− | | Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Simple Filters with Linux. | + | | Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on '''Simple Filters''' with Linux. |
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|00:08 | |00:08 | ||
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| 00:17 | | 00:17 | ||
− | | All these are command line text manipulation tools. | + | | All these are '''command line text manipulation''' tools. |
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| 00:22 | | 00:22 | ||
− | | If you see a hash (#) symbol on the Terminal you need to become root to execute those commands | + | | If you see a hash (#) symbol on the Terminal, you need to become '''root''' to execute those commands. |
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|00:29 | |00:29 | ||
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| 00:38 | | 00:38 | ||
− | | I assume that you did a default installation and did not modify any path where the files are getting saved. | + | | I assume that you did a default installation and did not modify any '''path''' where the files are getting saved. |
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| 00:46 | | 00:46 | ||
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|01:02 | |01:02 | ||
− | | We use the Head command followed by an '''ascii''' file name, to display the first 10 lines of a file by default. | + | | We use the '''Head''' command followed by an '''ascii''' file name, to display the first 10 lines of a file by default. |
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| 01:10 | | 01:10 | ||
− | | Let us create a file. I am hitting on ''' | + | | Let us create a file. I am hitting on '''Esc''' (escape) key to show this practically. |
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| 01:17 | | 01:17 | ||
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| 01:24 | | 01:24 | ||
− | |I already have these numbers in another file for the sake of time constrain . | + | |I already have these numbers in another file for the sake of time constrain. |
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| 01:30 | | 01:30 | ||
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| 01:41 | | 01:41 | ||
− | |Name the file as '''numbers dot txt''' and hit on ''' | + | |Name the file as '''numbers dot txt''' and hit on '''Save'''. |
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| 01:48 | | 01:48 | ||
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| 02:05 | | 02:05 | ||
− | |Type '''ls''' and hit on ''' | + | |Type '''ls''' and hit on '''Enter.''' |
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| 02:09 | | 02:09 | ||
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| 02:15 | | 02:15 | ||
− | | Now we can use the cat command to read the contents of the file we created. | + | | Now we can use the '''cat''' command to read the contents of the file we created. |
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| 02:21 | | 02:21 | ||
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| 02:29 | | 02:29 | ||
− | | Let us do the same with head command. | + | | Let us do the same with '''head''' command. |
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| 02:33 | | 02:33 | ||
− | | '''head numbers dot txt''', ''' | + | | '''head numbers dot txt''', '''Enter'''. |
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| 02:39 | | 02:39 | ||
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| 03:02 | | 03:02 | ||
− | |Let us switch back to the presentation | + | |Let us switch back to the presentation. |
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| 03:08 | | 03:08 | ||
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| 03:40 | | 03:40 | ||
− | | '''hyphen n5''', '''Enter''' | + | | '''hyphen n5''', '''Enter'''. |
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| 03:45 | | 03:45 | ||
− | | Switch to slides | + | | Switch to slides. |
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| 03:50 | | 03:50 | ||
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| 04:01 | | 04:01 | ||
− | | The most useful option of the tail command is to use '''hyphen f''' option to follow the tail of a log file. | + | | The most useful option of the '''tail''' command is to use '''hyphen f''' option to follow the tail of a log file. |
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| 04:09 | | 04:09 | ||
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| 04:18 | | 04:18 | ||
− | | Go to the terminal | + | | Go to the terminal. |
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| 04:21 | | 04:21 | ||
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| 04:31 | | 04:31 | ||
− | | Let me resize this terminal | + | | Let me resize this terminal. |
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| 04:39 | | 04:39 | ||
− | | Let us open another Terminal , '''Application- > Accessories - > Terminal.''' | + | | Let us open another Terminal, '''Application -> Accessories -> Terminal.''' |
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| 04:46 | | 04:46 | ||
− | | Let me resize this terminal | + | | Let me resize this terminal. |
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| 04:52 | | 04:52 | ||
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| 05:00 | | 05:00 | ||
− | | Try to '''su''' as yourself, hit on ''' | + | | Try to '''su''' as yourself, hit on '''Enter.''' |
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| 05:05 | | 05:05 | ||
− | | Give in some wrong password hit on ''' | + | | Give in some wrong password hit on '''Enter.''' |
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| 05:08 | | 05:08 | ||
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| 05:23 | | 05:23 | ||
− | | Type '''date''' hit on ''' | + | | Type '''date''', hit on '''Enter''' to verify the system date and time. |
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| 05:32 | | 05:32 | ||
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| 05:36 | | 05:36 | ||
− | | Hit '''CTRL C''' to close the running tail command & maximize the screen. | + | | Hit '''CTRL C''' to close the running '''tail''' command & maximize the screen. |
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| 05:51 | | 05:51 | ||
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| 06:01 | | 06:01 | ||
− | | A | + | | A Linux system administrator will look into these log files for more information to troubleshoot his machine if there is a problem. |
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| 06:12 | | 06:12 | ||
− | | '''Sort''' command as the name | + | | '''Sort''' command, as the name suggests, will sort a file for us in both ascending and descending order. |
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| 06:23 | | 06:23 | ||
− | | '''sort numbers dot txt''' .This would sort our '''numbers dot txt''' file in ascending order. | + | | '''sort numbers dot txt'''. This would sort our '''numbers dot txt''' file in ascending order. |
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| 06:31 | | 06:31 | ||
− | | Notice something is strange in there, sort just looks at the first character to sort, so '''10''','''11'''&'''12''' appears before the number 2. | + | | Notice something is strange in there, '''sort''' just looks at the first character to sort, so '''10''','''11'''&'''12''' appears before the number 2. |
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| 06:43 | | 06:43 | ||
− | | To avoid this add the option of '''hyphen n''' | + | | To avoid this, add the option of '''hyphen n''' hyphen n and Enter. |
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| 06:53 | | 06:53 | ||
− | | Now sort looks at the entire number to sort them. | + | | Now '''sort''' looks at the entire number to sort them. |
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| 06:58 | | 06:58 | ||
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| 07:22 | | 07:22 | ||
− | |'''U, | + | |'''U, Enter'''. |
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| 07:26 | | 07:26 | ||
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| 07:57 | | 07:57 | ||
− | | I already have the data in another file for the sake of time constrain let me copy & Paste the value, '''CTRL+C; CTRL+V.''' | + | | I already have the data in another file for the sake of time constrain, let me copy & Paste the value, '''CTRL+C; CTRL+V.''' |
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| 08:11 | | 08:11 | ||
− | | File, Save it as '''marks dot txt''', Hit on '''Save.''' | + | | '''File''', Save it as '''marks dot txt''', Hit on '''Save.''' |
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| 08:21 | | 08:21 | ||
− | | Don't mind the special characters on this file I don't want someone to sue me for giving them low marks | + | | Don't mind the special characters on this file. I don't want someone to sue me for giving them low marks. |
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| 08:28 | | 08:28 | ||
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| 08:53 | | 08:53 | ||
− | | | + | |Here, '''hyphen t''' stands for the '''delimiter''' & the space in between the quotes represents it. |
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| 09:02 | | 09:02 | ||
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|10:08 | |10:08 | ||
− | | | + | |Here, in '''cut''' command '''d''' is the delimiter & the space in between the quotes represents the delimiter. |
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|10:20 | |10:20 | ||
− | |'''hyphen f2''' for the second column. Hit on ''' | + | |'''hyphen f2''' for the second column. Hit on '''Enter.''' |
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|10:31 | |10:31 | ||
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|10:43 | |10:43 | ||
− | |'''Paste numbers dot txt marks dot txt''', ''' | + | |'''Paste numbers dot txt marks dot txt''', '''Enter'''. |
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|10:50 | |10:50 | ||
− | |Now the first line of '''marks dot txt was appended to the first line of numbers dot txt. | + | |Now the first line of '''marks dot txt''' was appended to the first line of '''numbers dot txt'''. |
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|10:57 | |10:57 | ||
− | |We can use the redirect key to redirect this output to some other file called '''concatefile dot txt. ''' | + | |We can use the redirect key to redirect this output to some other file called '''concatefile dot txt.''' |
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| 11:06 | | 11:06 | ||
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| 11:08 | | 11:08 | ||
− | | Hit on Up arrow. Hit on the redirect key which is the Greater than symbol '''concatfile dot txt'''. Hit on '''Enter.''' | + | | Hit on Up arrow. Hit on the redirect key which is the Greater than symbol (>) '''concatfile dot txt'''. Hit on '''Enter.''' |
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| 11:18 | | 11:18 | ||
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| 11:25 | | 11:25 | ||
− | | If we want paste to print out the numbers serially delimited with tab we can use the '''hyphen s''' option. | + | | If we want '''paste''' to print out the numbers serially delimited with tab, we can use the '''hyphen s''' option. |
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| 11:34 | | 11:34 |
Revision as of 11:20, 12 March 2015
Time | Narration |
00:00 | Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Simple Filters with Linux. |
00:08 | Here we will be learning about head, Tail, sort, cut and paste. |
00:17 | All these are command line text manipulation tools. |
00:22 | If you see a hash (#) symbol on the Terminal, you need to become root to execute those commands. |
00:29 | sudo su or su root, if you see a dollar symbol on the Terminal you can be an ordinary user to execute those commands. |
00:38 | I assume that you did a default installation and did not modify any path where the files are getting saved. |
00:46 | I am using Ubuntu 10.10 for this tutorial. |
00:51 | Prerequisites for this module are the ability to use the mouse , keyboard, maximize and minimize buttons on a window. |
01:02 | We use the Head command followed by an ascii file name, to display the first 10 lines of a file by default. |
01:10 | Let us create a file. I am hitting on Esc (escape) key to show this practically. |
01:17 | Go to Applications > Accessories > Text Editor. |
01:24 | I already have these numbers in another file for the sake of time constrain. |
01:30 | Let me copy and paste. |
01:38 | Hit on File , Save. |
01:41 | Name the file as numbers dot txt and hit on Save. |
01:48 | Close this file. |
01:53 | Now go to Applications > Accessories > Terminal. |
02:01 | Let us try to see if we can see the file we created. |
02:05 | Type ls and hit on Enter. |
02:09 | What we did here is to list all the folders and files on our home directory. |
02:15 | Now we can use the cat command to read the contents of the file we created. |
02:21 | Cat n-u-m Hit on tab to autofill the file name. Hit on Enter. |
02:29 | Let us do the same with head command. |
02:33 | head numbers dot txt, Enter. |
02:39 | Now the first 10 lines are displayed. |
02:43 | If we want to see the first 5 lines, use the option hyphen n5 in between the head command and the file. |
02:52 | Hit on Up arrow, hyphen n5 and Enter. |
02:58 | Now the first 5 lines alone are displayed. |
03:02 | Let us switch back to the presentation. |
03:08 | F5 |
03:14 | The tail command works exactly opposite to the head command, it displays the last 10 lines of a file by default. |
03:22 | I am hitting on ALT and Tab to switch to the terminal. |
03:27 | tail numbers dot txt |
03:31 | If we want to see just the last 5 lines, use the option hyphen n5 in between the tail command and the file name. |
03:40 | hyphen n5, Enter. |
03:45 | Switch to slides. |
03:50 | A log file contains events which took place in a system. |
03:55 | Auth dot log file maintains log's for who logged in & who logged out. |
04:01 | The most useful option of the tail command is to use hyphen f option to follow the tail of a log file. |
04:09 | If a new line is appended to the log file, the tail command will take that as the last line and display 10 lines by default above it. |
04:18 | Go to the terminal. |
04:21 | tail hyphen f forward slash var slash log slash auth dot log |
04:31 | Let me resize this terminal. |
04:39 | Let us open another Terminal, Application -> Accessories -> Terminal. |
04:46 | Let me resize this terminal. |
04:52 | so that I can show you in a single screen how tail follows the last line in a log file. |
05:00 | Try to su as yourself, hit on Enter. |
05:05 | Give in some wrong password hit on Enter. |
05:08 | You will see that the terminal on which tail is running is appended with a new log. |
05:15 | The date & time specifies when the authentication failure took place. |
05:23 | Type date, hit on Enter to verify the system date and time. |
05:32 | Type Exit to close this terminal. |
05:36 | Hit CTRL C to close the running tail command & maximize the screen. |
05:51 | We have seen only auth dot log file in the previous example. |
05:57 | These are the commonly used log files in Linux. |
06:01 | A Linux system administrator will look into these log files for more information to troubleshoot his machine if there is a problem. |
06:12 | Sort command, as the name suggests, will sort a file for us in both ascending and descending order. |
06:23 | sort numbers dot txt. This would sort our numbers dot txt file in ascending order. |
06:31 | Notice something is strange in there, sort just looks at the first character to sort, so 10,11&12 appears before the number 2. |
06:43 | To avoid this, add the option of hyphen n hyphen n and Enter. |
06:53 | Now sort looks at the entire number to sort them. |
06:58 | To sort number dot txt in reverse order add an option of hyphen r. |
07:09 | We have numbers that repeat in this file, to pull out just the unique numbers add another option of hyphen u . |
07:17 | Go to Terminal. |
07:20 | Up Arrow |
07:22 | U, Enter. |
07:26 | Previously two 2's were displayed . Now only one 2 is displayed. |
07:38 | Now we will see how we can sort a file based on certain column. |
07:44 | Let us create a file and key in these as shown below. |
07:48 | Go to Applications > Accessories > Text Editor. |
07:57 | I already have the data in another file for the sake of time constrain, let me copy & Paste the value, CTRL+C; CTRL+V. |
08:11 | File, Save it as marks dot txt, Hit on Save. |
08:21 | Don't mind the special characters on this file. I don't want someone to sue me for giving them low marks. |
08:28 | Close this file. |
08:33 | Let us sort based on the second column of marks dot txt file. |
08:40 | Go to the terminal. |
08:42 | sort space marks dot txt space hyphen t space open inverted commas space close inverted commas space |
08:53 | Here, hyphen t stands for the delimiter & the space in between the quotes represents it. |
09:02 | hyphen k2 for the second column on which sort should be performed. |
09:14 | Hit on Enter. |
09:20 | Cat marks dot txt |
09:24 | This is the original file, if you see Avir is moved above and Bala came below when we sorted based on the second column alone. |
09:43 | Cut command is used to cut just certain information from a file. |
09:51 | Let us pull out the names from marks dot txt |
09:55 | Let us go to the terminal ALT Tab |
09:58 | cut space marks dot txt space hyphen d space open inverted commas space close inverted commas space. |
10:08 | Here, in cut command d is the delimiter & the space in between the quotes represents the delimiter. |
10:20 | hyphen f2 for the second column. Hit on Enter. |
10:31 | Paste command will merge corresponding subsequent lines of the files. |
10:36 | Let us use both the numbers dot txt and marks dot txt file now. |
10:41 | Go to the terminal. |
10:43 | Paste numbers dot txt marks dot txt, Enter. |
10:50 | Now the first line of marks dot txt was appended to the first line of numbers dot txt. |
10:57 | We can use the redirect key to redirect this output to some other file called concatefile dot txt. |
11:06 | Go to the terminal. |
11:08 | Hit on Up arrow. Hit on the redirect key which is the Greater than symbol (>) concatfile dot txt. Hit on Enter. |
11:18 | Cat concatfile dot txt |
11:22 | Let us go to the slide. |
11:25 | If we want paste to print out the numbers serially delimited with tab, we can use the hyphen s option. |
11:34 | Paste hyphen s |
11:39 | numbers dot txt |
11:43 | Go to the slide. |
11:45 | Spoken Tutorial project is a part of Talk to a Teacher project, |
11:49 | Supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT,MHRD, Government of India. |
11:55 | For more information you can refer to the following link. |
11:59 | This script has been contributed by ----------------------(name of the translator) and this is -----------------------(name of the recorder) from --------------------------(name of the place)signing off. |
Contributors and Content Editors
Minal, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14, Vasudeva ahitanal