Difference between revisions of "GChemPaint/C3/Resonance-Structures/English"
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
||I will switch to '''GChemPaint''' window. | ||I will switch to '''GChemPaint''' window. | ||
| − | I have opened a new GChemPaint window. | + | I have opened a new '''GChemPaint''' window. |
Here you can see '''EthylChloride''' and ''' Methylbromide''' structures. | Here you can see '''EthylChloride''' and ''' Methylbromide''' structures. | ||
| Line 61: | Line 61: | ||
||Click on '''Add an electron pair''' tool. | ||Click on '''Add an electron pair''' tool. | ||
| − | Click on Chlorine atom and observe what happens. | + | Click on '''Chlorine''' atom and observe what happens. |
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
| Line 69: | Line 69: | ||
Point to the window. | Point to the window. | ||
| − | ||Click on '''Add a curved arrow to represent an electron pair move'''. | + | ||Click on '''Add a curved arrow to represent an electron pair move''' tool. |
Property window opens. | Property window opens. | ||
| Line 87: | Line 87: | ||
||I will make the copy of this structure. | ||I will make the copy of this structure. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ||Click on Add on arrow >>click between the structures. | + | ||Click on '''Add on arrow''' >>click between the structures. |
| − | ||Now, click on Add on arrow and click between the structures. | + | ||Now, click on '''Add on arrow''' and click between the structures. |
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
| Line 102: | Line 102: | ||
||Click on '''Selection''' tool and select '''NaOH'''. | ||Click on '''Selection''' tool and select '''NaOH'''. | ||
| − | + | Right-click on the arrow. | |
|- | |- | ||
||Point to the submenu. | ||Point to the submenu. | ||
| Line 115: | Line 115: | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Point to drop down. | ||Point to drop down. | ||
| − | ||In the '''Role''' drop-down, select “Reactant” and click on Close. <PAUSE> | + | ||In the '''Role''' drop-down, select “Reactant” and click on '''Close'''. <PAUSE> |
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
| Line 139: | Line 139: | ||
||Click on '''Decrement the charge''' tool>>click on '''HCl'''. | ||Click on '''Decrement the charge''' tool>>click on '''HCl'''. | ||
||To form Chloride ion, click on '''Decrement the charge''' tool. | ||To form Chloride ion, click on '''Decrement the charge''' tool. | ||
| + | |||
Click on '''HCl'''. | Click on '''HCl'''. | ||
| + | |||
'''Chloride(Cl^-)''' ion is formed. | '''Chloride(Cl^-)''' ion is formed. | ||
<PAUSE> | <PAUSE> | ||
| Line 210: | Line 212: | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Point to the structure. | ||Point to the structure. | ||
| − | ||I will copy | + | ||I will copy this structure. |
|- | |- | ||
||Click on '''Eraser''' tool and click on '''Carbon-bromine''' bond. | ||Click on '''Eraser''' tool and click on '''Carbon-bromine''' bond. | ||
| Line 242: | Line 244: | ||
A submenu opens. | A submenu opens. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ||Click on Create a new reaction. | + | ||Click on '''Create a new reaction'''. |
Point to the previous reaction | Point to the previous reaction | ||
| Line 288: | Line 290: | ||
||Click on '''Add a double headed arrow'''. | ||Click on '''Add a double headed arrow'''. | ||
| − | Click on '''Display area''' in between '''Nitromethanes'''. | + | Click on the '''Display area''' in between '''Nitromethanes'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||Point to the structures | ||Point to the structures | ||
| Line 312: | Line 314: | ||
'''Resonance structures of Benzene''' | '''Resonance structures of Benzene''' | ||
| − | ||Here is slide for resonance structures of ''' Benzene'''. | + | ||Here is slide for the resonance structures of ''' Benzene'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
| Line 318: | Line 320: | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Point to the window. | ||Point to the window. | ||
| − | ||I have opened a new GChemPaint window with the required structures. | + | ||I have opened a new '''GChemPaint''' window with the required structures. |
|- | |- | ||
||Point to the final product intermediates and starting material. | ||Point to the final product intermediates and starting material. | ||
| Line 335: | Line 337: | ||
||Let's add a retro-synthetic arrow, to show the retro-synthetic pathway. | ||Let's add a retro-synthetic arrow, to show the retro-synthetic pathway. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ||Click on Add arrow for a retrosynthetic step >> Click in between all the compounds. | + | ||Click on '''Add arrow for a retrosynthetic step''' >> Click in between all the compounds. |
| − | ||Click on Add arrow for a retrosynthetic step. | + | ||Click on '''Add an arrow for a retrosynthetic step'''. |
Click between all the compounds. | Click between all the compounds. | ||
| Line 364: | Line 366: | ||
||In this tutorial we have learnt to | ||In this tutorial we have learnt to | ||
| − | * Show electron shifts | + | * Show electron shifts using curved arrows |
* Attach reaction conditions to reaction arrows. | * Attach reaction conditions to reaction arrows. | ||
| − | * Create | + | * Create and destroy reaction pathway using a reaction arrow |
* Create a new mesomery relationship using double headed arrow | * Create a new mesomery relationship using double headed arrow | ||
| Line 381: | Line 383: | ||
Using arrow properties | Using arrow properties | ||
| − | 1. Create a reaction pathway for the reaction | + | 1. Create a reaction pathway for the reaction of Bromo-Ethane (C2H5Br) and Sodium(Na) with Dry ether as a solvent to obtain Butane(C4H10) and Sodium bromide(NaBr). |
2. Add stoichiometric coefficients to the reactants and products. | 2. Add stoichiometric coefficients to the reactants and products. | ||
| − | 3. Draw resonance structures of | + | 3. Draw resonance structures of '''Naphthalene, Anthracene''' and '''Carbon-dioxide''' |
|- | |- | ||
||Point to the reaction pathway. | ||Point to the reaction pathway. | ||
Revision as of 15:50, 15 May 2014
Title of the tutorial: Resonance Structures
Author: Madhuri Ganapathi
Key words: Show Electron shift and Resonance Structures, Create a reaction pathway, Create a mesomeric pathway, Build Retrosynthetic Pathway, Video tutorial.
| Visual Cue | Narration
|
|---|---|
| Slide Number 1
Title Slide |
Hello everyone.
Welcome to this tutorial on Resonance Structures in GChemPaint. |
| Slide Number 2
Learning Objectives |
In this tutorial, we will learn to,
|
| Slide Number 3
System Requirement |
For this tutorial I am using
Ubuntu Linux OS version 12.04. GChemPaint version 0.12.10. |
| Slide Number 4
Pre-requisites |
To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with GChemPaint.
If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website. |
| Switch to GChemPaint window. | I will switch to GChemPaint window.
I have opened a new GChemPaint window. Here you can see EthylChloride and Methylbromide structures. |
| I will show how to obtain a Carbo-cation. | |
| Point to Chlorine atom. | Let's add a pair of electrons on the Chlorine atom of EthylChloride. |
| Click on Add an electron pair tool>>Click on Chlorine atom. | Click on Add an electron pair tool.
Click on Chlorine atom and observe what happens. |
| Next, I will show an electron pair shift in the Carbon-Chlorine bond. | |
| Click on Add a curved arrow to represent an electron pair move.
Point to the window. |
Click on Add a curved arrow to represent an electron pair move tool.
Property window opens. |
| Click on End arrow at center of new bond check box. | Click on End arrow at center of new bond check box.
It moves the electron pair to the correct position. |
| Click on Carbon-Chlorine bond. | Click on Carbon-Chlorine bond. |
| Point to the shift. | Place the cursor on the curved arrow and observe the electron shift. |
| Point to the structure. | I will make the copy of this structure. |
| Click on Add on arrow >>click between the structures. | Now, click on Add on arrow and click between the structures. |
| Formation of a Carbo-cation is initialized by a base like Sodium Hydroxide(NaOH). | |
| Click on Add or modify a group of atoms tool >> click above the arrow. | Click on Add or modify a group of atoms tool, click above the arrow. |
| Type NaOH in the green box. | Type NaOH. |
| Click on Selection tool>>Click on the text Base to select>>Right-click click on the arrow. | Click on Selection tool and select NaOH.
Right-click on the arrow. |
| Point to the submenu.
Select Arrow >>click on Attach selection to arrow. |
In the submenu, select Arrow.
Click on Attach selection to arrow. |
| Point to the dialogue box. | A dialogue box with heading Arrow associated appears. |
| Point to drop down. | In the Role drop-down, select “Reactant” and click on Close. <PAUSE> |
| Now, let's convert second EthylChloride to Ethyl Carbo-cation and Chloride ions. | |
| Click on Eraser tool and click on Carbon-chlorine bond.
Point to products. |
Click on Eraser tool and click on Carbon-chlorine bond.
Ethane(CH3-CH3) and HCl are formed. |
| Point to the central carbon. | When electrons shift from Carbon to Chlorine, Carbon gains a positive charge. |
| Click on Increment the charge tool>>Click at the position from where Carbon-chlorine bond to deleted. | Click on Increment the charge tool.
Click at the position from where Carbon-chlorine bond was deleted. Ethyl Carbo-cation(CH3-CH2^+) is formed. |
| Click on Decrement the charge tool>>click on HCl. | To form Chloride ion, click on Decrement the charge tool.
Click on HCl. Chloride(Cl^-) ion is formed. <PAUSE> |
| Now let's move to single electron shift. | |
| Point to Methylbromide. | Let's use the Methylbromide structure to obtain free radicals. |
| Click on Add a curved arrow to represent a single electron move tool. | Click on Add a curved arrow to represent a single electron move tool. |
| Click twice on Bromo-methane bond. | Click on Methylbromide bond to obtain a curved arrow.
Shift the Pencil tool a little on the bond, click again to get second curved arrow. |
| Point to the Bromo-methane and curved arrows. | One curved arrow moves to bromo(Br) and other moves towards methyl(CH3).
Both Bromo(Br) and methyl(CH3) will get one electron each from the bonded pair of electrons. |
| Point to the arrow. | To show the products, let's add an arrow.
Click on Add an arrow, click on Display area beside Methylbromide. |
| Point to the free radicals. | Formation of free radicals involves heat in the reaction. |
| Click on Add or modify a text tool.
Click on the Display area above the arrow. Type “Heat” in the green box. |
Click on Add or modify a text tool.
Click on Display area above the arrow. Type “Heat” in the green box. |
| Click on Selection tool>>select “Heat”. | Click on Selection tool and select “Heat” |
| Right-click on the arrow.
Point to the submenu>> Select Arrow >>click on Attach selection to arrow. |
Right-click on the arrow.
In the Submenu select Arrow. Click on Attach selection to arrow. |
| Point to the dialogue box. | A dialogue box with heading Arrow associated appears. |
| Point to drop down. | Notice that Role drop down list has more options. |
| Point to Role drop down.
Select “Temperature”>>Click on Close. |
In the Role drop-down, select “Temperature” and
click on Close. |
| Now let's create the free radicals. | |
| Point to the structure. | I will copy this structure. |
| Click on Eraser tool and click on Carbon-bromine bond.
Point to CH4 and HBr. |
Click on Eraser tool and click on Carbon-bromine bond.
Methane(CH4) and Hydrogen-bromide(HBr) are formed. |
| Click on Add an unpaired electron tool.
Click on CH4 and HBr. |
Click on Add an unpaired electron tool.
Click on Methane(CH4) and Hydrogen-bromide(HBr) Methyl(CH3) and Bromium(Br) free radicals are formed. |
| Click on Selection tool.
Drag the cursor over the reaction to select it. |
Click on Selection tool.
To create a reaction pathway, first select the complete reaction. |
| Right-click on the selection.
Point to the Submenu. |
Now, right-click on the selection.
A submenu opens. |
| Click on Create a new reaction.
Point to the previous reaction |
Click on Create a new reaction.
Reaction path is created. Drag to see the reaction pathway. Likewise, I will create the reaction pathway for the previous reaction. |
| Right-click on the selection again.
Click on Destroy the reaction. |
We can also remove the reaction pathway, if we want to.
To do so, right-click on the reaction again and click on Destroy the reaction. |
| Point to the reactants and products.
Drag any object. |
This action will remove the reaction pathway.
Drag any of the objects, and you will see that they can be moved individually. |
| Now we move on to Resonance or Mesomery using double headed arrow. | |
| Switch to GChempaint.
Point to the structure(CH3-NH2). |
I have opened a new GChemPaint window with structures of Nitromethane. |
| Point to the structures | I had added curved arrows and charges to show electron shifts within the structures. |
| Now let's add a double headed arrow. | |
| Click on Add a double headed arrow.
Click on Display area beside Nitromethane. |
Click on Add a double headed arrow.
Click on the Display area in between Nitromethanes. |
| Point to the structures | The two structures are "Resonance structures" of Nitromethane.. |
| Press CTRL+A to select the structures.
Right-click on the selection. Point to the Submenu. |
Press CTRL+A to select the structures.
Right-click on the selection. A submenu opens. |
| Click on Create a new mesomery relationship | Click on Create a new mesomery relationship.
Drag to see the relationship. |
| Slide Number
Resonance structures of Benzene |
Here is slide for the resonance structures of Benzene. |
| Now, let's learn to create a retro-synthetic pathway. | |
| Point to the window. | I have opened a new GChemPaint window with the required structures. |
| Point to the final product intermediates and starting material. | Retrosynthetic pathway
|
| Point to the structures | In this pathway, the final product is Ortho-nitrophenol and the starting material is Benzene. |
| Let's add a retro-synthetic arrow, to show the retro-synthetic pathway. | |
| Click on Add arrow for a retrosynthetic step >> Click in between all the compounds. | Click on Add an arrow for a retrosynthetic step.
Click between all the compounds. |
| Press CTRL+A select all structures.
Right click on the selection. |
Press CTRL+A select all structures.
Right click on the selection. |
| Point to Submenu.
Click on Create a new retrosynthesis pathway. |
A sub-menu opens.
Click on Create a new retrosynthesis pathway. Drag to see the created pathway. |
| Let's summarize what we have learnt. | |
| Slide Number 9
Summary |
In this tutorial we have learnt to
|
| Slide Number 10
Assignment |
As an assignment
Using arrow properties 1. Create a reaction pathway for the reaction of Bromo-Ethane (C2H5Br) and Sodium(Na) with Dry ether as a solvent to obtain Butane(C4H10) and Sodium bromide(NaBr). 2. Add stoichiometric coefficients to the reactants and products. 3. Draw resonance structures of Naphthalene, Anthracene and Carbon-dioxide |
| Point to the reaction pathway.
Point to the resonance structures |
This is the required reaction pathway.
These are the resonance structures of Naphthalene, Anthracene and Carbon-dioxide. |
| Slide Number 10
Acknowledgement |
Watch the video available at this URL.
http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken_ Tutorial It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it |
| Slide Number 11 | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team:
Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials Gives certificates to those who pass an on-line test For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org |
| Slide number 12 | Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India More information on this Mission is available at this link |
| This is Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining. |
