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{|border =1
 
{|border =1
!Time
+
|'''Time'''
!Narration
+
|'''Narration'''
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||00:01
 
||00:01
||Hello everybody. Welcome to this tutorial on '''Special Commands'''  in '''KTurtle.'''  
+
||Hello everybody. Welcome to this tutorial on '''Special Commands in KTurtle.'''  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||00:08
 
||00:08
||In this tutorial, we will learn about  
+
||In this tutorial, we will learn about:
 +
'''“learn”''' command and
 +
'''“random”''' command.
  
* '''“learn”''' command and
 
 
* '''“random”''' Command
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||00:15
 
||00:15
||To record this tutorial I am using, '''Ubuntu Linux''' OS version. 12.04. '''KTurtle''' version. 0.8.1 beta.  
+
||To record this tutorial, I am using:
 +
'''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version '''12.04'''
 +
'''KTurtle''' version '''0.8.1 beta'''.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 00:28
+
||00:28
||We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle  
+
||We assume that you have basic working knowledge of 'KTurtle'.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 00:33  
+
||00:33  
||If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website. '''http://spoken-tutorial.org'''
+
||If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website:http://spoken-tutorial.org  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 00:39
+
||00:39
||Let's open a new KTurtle Application.  
+
||Let's open a new '''KTurtle Application'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 00:42
+
||00:42
 
||Click on '''Dash home.'''   
 
||Click on '''Dash home.'''   
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 00:44
+
||00:44
||In the Search bar, type '''KTurtle'''.  
+
||In the '''Search bar''', type: "kturtle".  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 00:47
+
||00:47
 
||Click on the''' KTurtle''' icon.  
 
||Click on the''' KTurtle''' icon.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||00:50
 
||00:50
||Let's first look at “learn” command
+
||Let's first look at '''learn''' command.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 00:53
+
||00:53
||''' learn''' is a special command  as it is used to create your own commands.  
+
||''' learn''' is a special '''command''' as it is used to create your own commands.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 01:01
+
||01:01
||'learn' Command  can takes input and returns output.  
+
||'''learn''' command takes '''input''' and returns '''output'''.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||01:05
 
||01:05
 
||Let's take a look at how a new command is created.
 
||Let's take a look at how a new command is created.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||01:10
 
||01:10
 
||Let me zoom the program text to have a clear view.
 
||Let me zoom the program text to have a clear view.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||01:14
 
||01:14
||Let's type a code in the editor to draw a square:  
+
||Let's type a code in the '''editor''' to draw a square:  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 01:19
+
||01:19
 
||'''repeat 4''' within curly brackets
 
||'''repeat 4''' within curly brackets
 
 
{  
 
{  
 
'''forward 10'''  
 
'''forward 10'''  
 
 
'''turnleft 90'''  
 
'''turnleft 90'''  
 
 
}
 
}
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 01:31
+
||01:31
||Here the number '''10''' specfies the length of the side of the square.
+
||Here, the number '''10''' specifies the length of the side of the square.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 01:37
+
||01:37
||Now let's  learn the commands involved to draw a square, using the '''learn''' command.  
+
||Now, let's  learn the commands involved to draw a square, using the '''learn''' command.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 01:45
+
||01:45
||We will name of this set of commands to draw a square as '''square'''.  
+
||We will name this set of commands, to draw a square, as '''square'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 01:50
+
||01:50
||The command ''''learn'''' is followed by the name of the command to be learnt, in this case it is a '''square.'''
+
||The command ''''learn'''' is followed by the name of the command to be learnt. In this case, it is "square".  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 01:59
+
||01:59
||Let us type the following code
+
||Let us type the following code:
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 02:02
+
||02:02
||'''learn''' space '''square''' space '''$x'''  
+
||'''learn''' space '''square''' space '''$x'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 02:10
+
||02:10
||let's include curly brackets
+
||Let's include curly brackets.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 02:13
+
||02:13
||let's replace '''10''' by '''$x'''
+
||Let's replace '''10''' by '''$x'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 02:19
+
||02:19
 
||New command that we have defined  is called '''square.'''  
 
||New command that we have defined  is called '''square.'''  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 02:23
+
||02:23
||'''square''' takes one input argument, '''$x''' to set the size of the square.  
+
||'''square''' takes one input argument, '''$x''', to set the size of the square.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 02:31
+
||02:31
||Note that when you run this  code,''' square''' returns no output.  
+
||Note that when you '''run''' this  code,''' square''' returns no output.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 02:37
+
||02:37
||The command '''learn''' is just 'learning' other command ''' square''' to be used later.  
+
||The command '''learn''' is just 'learning' other command ''' square''', to be used later.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 02:43
+
||02:43
 
||'''square''' command can now be used like a normal command in the rest of the code.  
 
||'''square''' command can now be used like a normal command in the rest of the code.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
|| 02:51
+
||02:51
 
||Let me add few more lines here.  
 
||Let me add few more lines here.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
|| 02:54
+
||02:54
||Let's type
+
||Let's type: '''go 200,200'''  '''square 100'''
 
+
  
 
+
|-
'''go 200,200'''
+
||03:04
 
+
||Using the command '''square 100''', Turtle draws a square of dimension 100.
'''square 100'''  
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 03:04
+
||03:11
||Using the command '''square 100''' Turtle draws a square of dimension 100.
+
||Let's '''Run''' the code now.
|-
+
|| 03:11
+
||Let'the Run code now
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 03:13
+
||03:13
 
||'''Turtle''' draws a square on the canvas.
 
||'''Turtle''' draws a square on the canvas.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 03:17
+
||03:17
 
||Let's  now replace 100 by 50.
 
||Let's  now replace 100 by 50.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
|| 03:22
+
||03:22
||Let's run again
+
||Let's '''run''' again,'''Turtle''' draws another '''square''' with dimension 50.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 03:23
+
||03:28
||'''Turtle''' draws  another '''square''' with dimension 50.
+
||Please note that this '''command''' can be used only within the scope of this program.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 03:28
+
||03:35
||Please note that this command can be used only within the scope of this program
+
|-
+
|| 03:35
+
 
||I will clear the current code from editor.
 
||I will clear the current code from editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 03:38
+
||03:38
||Type “clear” command and Run to clean the canvas.
+
||Type '''"clear"''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||03:44
 
||03:44
||Next we will  learn about “random” command.
+
||Next, we will  learn about '''“random”''' command.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 03:48
+
||03:48
 
||'''random''' command takes input and returns output.  
 
||'''random''' command takes input and returns output.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
|| 03:52
+
||03:52
|| Syntax for the random command is “random X,Y”  
+
||Syntax for the random command is: '''“random X,Y”'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 03:57
+
||03:57
|| where X and Y are two inputs.  
+
||where X and Y are two inputs.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 04:01
+
||04:01
|| X sets minimum output and Y sets maximum output.
+
||X sets minimum output and Y sets maximum output.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 04:07
+
||04:07
|| Output is randomly chosen number between X and Y.  
+
||Output is randomly chosen number between X and Y.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||04:13
 
||04:13
||Let's put the “random” command to use in the application.  
+
||Let's put the “random” command to use in the '''application'''.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 04:18
+
||04:18
||I already have acode in a text editor.
+
||I already have a code in a text-editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 04:22
+
||04:22
||I will explain the code.
+
||I will explain the code now.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 04:24
+
||04:24
||“reset” command sets '''Turtle''' to default position
+
||'''“reset”''' command sets '''Turtle''' to default position.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 04:29
+
||04:29
||Here, the command '''random 1,20''' selects a random number which is equal or greater than 1 and equal or less than 20, and assigns it to the variable x.  
+
||Here, the command '''random 1,20''' selects a number which is equal or greater than 1 and equal or less than 20 and assigns it to the variable 'x'.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 04:44
+
||04:44
||'''repeat''' command and the commands  within curly brackets draw a circle
+
||'''repeat''' command and the commands  within curly brackets draw a circle.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 04:51
+
||04:51
||I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle's''' editor.
+
||I will '''copy''' the code from text editor and '''paste''' it into '''KTurtle's''' editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 04:58
+
||04:58
||Pause the tutorial and type the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor.
+
||Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 05:03
+
||05:03
||Resume the tutorial after typing the program
+
||Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 05:08
+
||05:08
||When we run this code,  
+
||When we '''run''' this code,  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 05:10
+
||05:10
 
||'''Turtle''' draws a  circle with radius  between 1 and 20  on the canvas.  
 
||'''Turtle''' draws a  circle with radius  between 1 and 20  on the canvas.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 05:16
+
||05:16
||Let us execute this code a few times,
+
||Let us execute this code a few times.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 05:20
+
||05:20
 
||You can see that a circle with a different size is generated each time.  
 
||You can see that a circle with a different size is generated each time.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 05:26
+
||05:26
 
||Every time you execute this code, a circle with a different radius is drawn on the canvas.  
 
||Every time you execute this code, a circle with a different radius is drawn on the canvas.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||05:33
 
||05:33
||Let us now use both the '''learn''' and '''random''' commands in an example.  
+
||Let us now use both '''learn''' and '''random''' commands in an example.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 05:39
+
||05:39
||I will clear the current code from the editor   type '''clear''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
+
||I will clear the current code from the editor. Type "clear" command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 05:48
+
||05:48
||I already have a program in the Text editor.
+
||I already have a program in the Text-editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 05:52
+
||05:52
 
||I will explain the code now.
 
||I will explain the code now.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||05:55
 
||05:55
||“reset” command sets Turtle to its default position.
+
||'''“reset”''' command sets Turtle to its default position.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 06:00  
+
||06:00  
 
||'''canvassize 300,300''' sets the width and height of the canvas to 300 pixels each.  
 
||'''canvassize 300,300''' sets the width and height of the canvas to 300 pixels each.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
|| 06:09
+
||06:09
||'''$R, $G,''' and '''$B''' are three variables to which I am assigning random values between 0 and 255.  
+
||'''$R, $G''' and '''$B''' are three variables to which I am assigning random values between 0 and 255.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 06:19
+
||06:19
||In the command '''canvascolor $R,$G, and $B''' ,  
+
||In the command '''canvascolor $R, $G''' and '''$B''',  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 06:23
+
||06:23
||the Red-Green-Blue combination is replaced by the values assigned to the  variables R, G, and B in the previous step.  
+
||the Red-Green-Blue combination is replaced by the values assigned to the  variables 'R', 'G' and 'B' in the previous step.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 06:34
+
||06:34
||The canvas color is randomly  set when this command is executed.  
+
||The canvas color is randomly  set when this command is executed.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 06:41
+
||06:41
 
||'''$red, $blue, $green''' are another set of variables  
 
||'''$red, $blue, $green''' are another set of variables  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 06:45
+
||06:45
 
||to which random values between 0 and 255 are assigned randomly.  
 
||to which random values between 0 and 255 are assigned randomly.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 06:53
+
||06:53
||'''pencolor  $red, $blue and $green''' the Red-Blue -Green combination values are replaced by the variables  
+
||'''pencolor  $red, $blue''' and '''$green''' the Red-Blue-Green combination values are replaced by the variables.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 07:02
+
||07:02
|| '''$red''', '''$green''' and '''$blue''' to which random values were assigned  
+
||'''$red''', '''$green''' and '''$blue''' to which random values were assigned in the previous step.  
in the previous step.  
+
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 07:10
+
||07:10
||The color of the pen is also set randomly when the command is executed.  
+
||The color of the '''pen''' is also set randomly when the command is executed.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 07:18
+
||07:18
 
||'''penwidth 2''' sets the width of pen to 2 pixels.  
 
||'''penwidth 2''' sets the width of pen to 2 pixels.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||07:25
 
||07:25
|| Next I have entered the code to learn to draw a circle.  
+
||Next, I have entered the code to learn to draw a circle.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 07:30
+
||07:30
 
||Here '''$x''' represents the size of the circle.  
 
||Here '''$x''' represents the size of the circle.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 07:35
+
||07:35
 
||'''repeat''' command followed by the code in curly brackets draws a circle.
 
||'''repeat''' command followed by the code in curly brackets draws a circle.
 +
 
|-       
 
|-       
|| 07:43
+
||07:43
||The next set of commands that is  '''go''' commands followed by '''circle''' commands draw circles with the specified sizes.  
+
||The next set of commands, that is, '''go''' command followed by '''circle''' command draw circles with the specified sizes.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 07:54
+
||07:54
||For example: circle with size 5 draws a circle with size 5  
+
||For example: circle with size 5, draws a circle with size 5  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 08:01
+
||08:01
||At the co-ordinates specified at X and Y positions in the '''go''' command.  
+
||at the co-ordinates specified at 'X' and 'Y' positions, in the '''go''' command.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 08:09
+
||08:09
 
||For each circle, I have specified different positions on the canvas.  
 
||For each circle, I have specified different positions on the canvas.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
|| 08:16
+
||08:16
||I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
+
||I will copy the code from text-editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 08:23
+
||08:23
 
||Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
 
||Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 08:29
+
||08:29
 
||Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
 
||Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
|| 08:33
+
||08:33
 
||I will execute this code in''' Fullspeed'''.
 
||I will execute this code in''' Fullspeed'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 08:37
+
||08:37
 
||You can execute this code at any of the speeds specified in the ''' Run''' option.  
 
||You can execute this code at any of the speeds specified in the ''' Run''' option.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 08:43
+
||08:43
||I will run this code a few times.
+
||I will '''run''' this code a few times.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 08:46
+
||08:46
 
||You can see the difference in randomly set values of pen color and canvas color.  
 
||You can see the difference in randomly set values of pen color and canvas color.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 08:54
+
||08:54
||Note the change in the color of the pen and the canvas on each execution.  
+
||Note the change in the color of the '''pen''' and the '''canvas''' on each execution.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 09:01
+
||09:01
||You can execute the code how many ever times you want and note the changes  in  
+
||You can execute the code how many ever times you want and note the changes  in the randomly set values of the '''pen''' and '''canvas'''.  
the randomly set values of the pen and canvas.  
+
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||09:15
 
||09:15
 
||With this we come to the end of this tutorial.
 
||With this we come to the end of this tutorial.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
|| 09:20
+
||09:20
||Let's summarize
+
||Let's summarize.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||09:22
 
||09:22
||In this tutorial we have learnt about,
+
||In this tutorial, we have learnt about: “learn” command  and “random” command.
  
* “learn” command  and
 
 
* “random” command.
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||09:30
 
||09:30
Line 365: Line 392:
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 09:32
+
||09:32
||Using '''learn''' command, draw a  
+
||using '''learn''' command- draw a  
 
+
pentagon
* pentagon
+
square
 
+
rectangle
* square
+
hexagon
 
+
* rectangle
+
 
+
* hexagon
+
 
+
 
on all four corners of your canvas and
 
on all four corners of your canvas and
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 09:45
+
||09:45
|| A circle at the centre of the canvas.  
+
||a circle at the centre of the canvas.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 09:49
+
||09:49
|| Using the “random” command create various colors and  
+
||Using the “random” command, create various colors and  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 09:55
+
||09:55
|| Customize your geometric shapes and canvas.  
+
||customize your geometric shapes and canvas.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 10:00  
+
||10:00  
||Watch the video available at this URL '''http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial'''
+
||Watch the video available at this URL:http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken-Tutorial
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 10:04
+
||10:04
||It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project
+
||It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 10:08
+
||10:08
||If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it  
+
||If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 10:13
+
||10:13
||The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :  
+
||The Spoken Tutorial Project team :  
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 10:15
+
||10:15
||Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
+
||Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 10:19
+
||10:19
||Gives certificates to those who pass an online test  
+
||Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 10:22
+
||10:22
||For more details, please write to '''contact@spoken-tutorial.org'''
+
||For more details, please write to: contact@spoken-tutorial.org  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
|| 10:29
+
||10:29
||Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project  
+
||'''Spoken Tutorial''' project is a part of the '''Talk to a Teacher''' project.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 10:33
+
||10:33
||It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
+
||It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 10:40
+
||10:40
||More information on this Mission is available at this link '''http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ]'''
+
||More information on this mission is available at this link: http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 10:46
+
||10:46
 
||This script is contributed by '''IT for change, Bangaluru.'''
 
||This script is contributed by '''IT for change, Bangaluru.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 10:50
+
||10:50
||This is Madhuri Ganpathi from '''IIT Bombay''' signing off. Thank you for joining.  
+
||This is Madhuri Ganpathi from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off. Thank you for joining.  
 
|-
 
|-

Latest revision as of 17:31, 24 March 2017

Time Narration
00:01 Hello everybody. Welcome to this tutorial on Special Commands in KTurtle.
00:08 In this tutorial, we will learn about:

“learn” command and “random” command.

00:15 To record this tutorial, I am using:

Ubuntu Linux OS version 12.04 KTurtle version 0.8.1 beta.

00:28 We assume that you have basic working knowledge of 'KTurtle'.
00:33 If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website:http://spoken-tutorial.org
00:39 Let's open a new KTurtle Application.
00:42 Click on Dash home.
00:44 In the Search bar, type: "kturtle".
00:47 Click on the KTurtle icon.
00:50 Let's first look at learn command.
00:53 learn is a special command as it is used to create your own commands.
01:01 learn command takes input and returns output.
01:05 Let's take a look at how a new command is created.
01:10 Let me zoom the program text to have a clear view.
01:14 Let's type a code in the editor to draw a square:
01:19 repeat 4 within curly brackets

{ forward 10 turnleft 90 }

01:31 Here, the number 10 specifies the length of the side of the square.
01:37 Now, let's learn the commands involved to draw a square, using the learn command.
01:45 We will name this set of commands, to draw a square, as square.
01:50 The command 'learn' is followed by the name of the command to be learnt. In this case, it is "square".
01:59 Let us type the following code:
02:02 learn space square space $x.
02:10 Let's include curly brackets.
02:13 Let's replace 10 by $x.
02:19 New command that we have defined is called square.
02:23 square takes one input argument, $x, to set the size of the square.
02:31 Note that when you run this code, square returns no output.
02:37 The command learn is just 'learning' other command square, to be used later.
02:43 square command can now be used like a normal command in the rest of the code.
02:51 Let me add few more lines here.
02:54 Let's type: go 200,200 square 100
03:04 Using the command square 100, Turtle draws a square of dimension 100.
03:11 Let's Run the code now.
03:13 Turtle draws a square on the canvas.
03:17 Let's now replace 100 by 50.
03:22 Let's run again,Turtle draws another square with dimension 50.
03:28 Please note that this command can be used only within the scope of this program.
03:35 I will clear the current code from editor.
03:38 Type "clear" command and Run to clean the canvas.
03:44 Next, we will learn about “random” command.
03:48 random command takes input and returns output.
03:52 Syntax for the random command is: “random X,Y”
03:57 where X and Y are two inputs.
04:01 X sets minimum output and Y sets maximum output.
04:07 Output is randomly chosen number between X and Y.
04:13 Let's put the “random” command to use in the application.
04:18 I already have a code in a text-editor.
04:22 I will explain the code now.
04:24 “reset” command sets Turtle to default position.
04:29 Here, the command random 1,20 selects a number which is equal or greater than 1 and equal or less than 20 and assigns it to the variable 'x'.
04:44 repeat command and the commands within curly brackets draw a circle.
04:51 I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
04:58 Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
05:03 Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
05:08 When we run this code,
05:10 Turtle draws a circle with radius between 1 and 20 on the canvas.
05:16 Let us execute this code a few times.
05:20 You can see that a circle with a different size is generated each time.
05:26 Every time you execute this code, a circle with a different radius is drawn on the canvas.
05:33 Let us now use both learn and random commands in an example.
05:39 I will clear the current code from the editor. Type "clear" command and Run to clean the canvas.
05:48 I already have a program in the Text-editor.
05:52 I will explain the code now.
05:55 “reset” command sets Turtle to its default position.
06:00 canvassize 300,300 sets the width and height of the canvas to 300 pixels each.
06:09 $R, $G and $B are three variables to which I am assigning random values between 0 and 255.
06:19 In the command canvascolor $R, $G and $B,
06:23 the Red-Green-Blue combination is replaced by the values assigned to the variables 'R', 'G' and 'B' in the previous step.
06:34 The canvas color is randomly set when this command is executed.
06:41 $red, $blue, $green are another set of variables
06:45 to which random values between 0 and 255 are assigned randomly.
06:53 pencolor $red, $blue and $green the Red-Blue-Green combination values are replaced by the variables.
07:02 $red, $green and $blue to which random values were assigned in the previous step.
07:10 The color of the pen is also set randomly when the command is executed.
07:18 penwidth 2 sets the width of pen to 2 pixels.
07:25 Next, I have entered the code to learn to draw a circle.
07:30 Here $x represents the size of the circle.
07:35 repeat command followed by the code in curly brackets draws a circle.
07:43 The next set of commands, that is, go command followed by circle command draw circles with the specified sizes.
07:54 For example: circle with size 5, draws a circle with size 5
08:01 at the co-ordinates specified at 'X' and 'Y' positions, in the go command.
08:09 For each circle, I have specified different positions on the canvas.
08:16 I will copy the code from text-editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
08:23 Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
08:29 Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
08:33 I will execute this code in Fullspeed.
08:37 You can execute this code at any of the speeds specified in the Run option.
08:43 I will run this code a few times.
08:46 You can see the difference in randomly set values of pen color and canvas color.
08:54 Note the change in the color of the pen and the canvas on each execution.
09:01 You can execute the code how many ever times you want and note the changes in the randomly set values of the pen and canvas.
09:15 With this we come to the end of this tutorial.
09:20 Let's summarize.
09:22 In this tutorial, we have learnt about: “learn” command and “random” command.
09:30 As an assignment for you to solve,
09:32 using learn command- draw a

pentagon square rectangle hexagon on all four corners of your canvas and

09:45 a circle at the centre of the canvas.
09:49 Using the “random” command, create various colors and
09:55 customize your geometric shapes and canvas.
10:00 Watch the video available at this URL:http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken-Tutorial
10:04 It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
10:08 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
10:13 The Spoken Tutorial Project team :
10:15 Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
10:19 Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
10:22 For more details, please write to: contact@spoken-tutorial.org
10:29 Spoken Tutorial project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
10:33 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
10:40 More information on this mission is available at this link: http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro
10:46 This script is contributed by IT for change, Bangaluru.
10:50 This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay, signing off. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Krupali, Madhurig, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Pravin1389, Sandhya.np14, Sneha