Difference between revisions of "CircuitJS/C3/Built-in-circuits-in-CircuitJS/English"

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(Created page with "{| border="1" |- || '''Visual Cue''' || '''Narration''' |- | style="color:#000000;" | slide:1 | style="color:#000000;" | Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Built-in circuits...")
 
 
(3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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|| '''Narration'''
 
|| '''Narration'''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="color:#000000;" | slide:1
+
|| Slide 1:
| style="color:#000000;" | Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Built-in circuits in CircuitJS '''
+
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
+
|| <div style="color:#000000;">Slide 2:</div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Learning Objective</div>
+
'''Title Slide'''
 +
|| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Built-in circuits in CircuitJS '''
 +
|-
 +
|| Slide 2:
 +
 
 +
'''Learning Objectives'''
 
|| In this tutorial we will explore about
 
|| In this tutorial we will explore about
* <div style="color:#000000;margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Built-in circuits available in '''CircuitJS'''</div>
+
* Built-in circuits available in '''CircuitJS'''
  
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
|-  
|| <div style="color:#000000;">Slide 4:</div>
+
|| Slide 3:
  
<div style="color:#000000;">System Requirement</div>
+
'''System Requirements'''
 
|| To record this tutorial, I am using:
 
|| To record this tutorial, I am using:
* <div style="color:#000000;margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Ubuntu Linux 20.04 OS</div>
+
* Ubuntu Linux 20.04 OS
* <div style="color:#000000;margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''CircuitJS''' Application</div>
+
* '''CircuitJS''' Application
  
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
|-  
|| <div style="color:#000000;">Slide 3:</div>
+
|| Slide 4:
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Prerequisite</div>
+
'''Prerequisites'''
|| To follow this tutorial, you should have a basic knowledge of,* <div style="color:#000000;margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Electrical circuits</div>
+
|| To follow this tutorial, you should have a basic knowledge of,
 +
* Electrical circuits
  
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
|-  
| style="color:#000000;" |  
+
||  
| style="color:#000000;" | Let us open the '''CircuitJS '''interface.
+
|| Let us open the '''CircuitJS '''interface.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
|-  
| style="color:#000000;" |  
+
|| Cursor on the CircuitJS interface.
| style="color:#000000;" | We will explore a few of the ready to use electronic circuits on the '''CircuitJS''' platform.
+
|| We will explore a few of the ready to use electronic circuits on the '''CircuitJS''' platform.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
|-  
| style="color:#000000;" |  
+
|| Click on the '''Circuits '''menu'''.
|| <div style="color:#000000;">In the menu bar, click on the '''Circuits '''menu'''.'''</div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">You can see a list of ready to use electronic circuits.</div>
+
Point to the electronic circuits list.
 +
|| In the menu bar, click on the '''Circuits '''menu'''.'''
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Basic circuits such as '''Diodes, OP-AMPs, 555 Timer Chip''' and many other circuits are available.</div>
+
You can see a list of ready to use electronic circuits.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
| style="color:#000000;" | Basic Circuits - Potentiometer
+
|| <div style="color:#000000;">Let us see the working of a few circuits available here.</div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Go to the '''Basics''' in the list and select the '''Potentiometer''' circuit.</div>
+
Basic circuits such as '''Diodes''', ''OP-AMPs''', '''555 Timer Chip''' and many other circuits are available here.
 +
|-
 +
|| Basic Circuits - Potentiometer
 +
|| Let us see the working of a few circuits.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">This circuit is built using a 1 Kilo Ohm potentiometer and two 5-volt power supplies.</div>
+
Go to the '''Basics''' in the list and select the '''Potentiometer''' circuit.
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to 5-volt power supplies.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">On the right side of your screen, you will see a slider named '''Resistance'''.</div>
+
Point to  slider named '''Resistance'''.
 +
||This circuit is built using a 1 Kilo Ohm '''potentiometer''' and two 5-volt power supplies.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">This resistance slider is used to change the potentiometer value.</div>
+
On the right side of your screen, you will see a slider named '''Resistance'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
||
+
|| <div style="color:#000000;">Notice the flow of electrons on both sides of the circuit.</div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">The resistance value is 500 Ohms on each side of the circuit.</div>
+
This resistance slider is used to change the potentiometer value.
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to the flow of electrons.
 +
|| Notice the flow of electrons on both sides of the circuit.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Use the slider to lower the potentiometer value.</div>
+
The resistance value is 500 Ohms on each side of the circuit.
 +
|-
 +
||Drag the slider.
 +
||Use the resistance slider to lower the '''potentiometer''' value.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Notice the flow of electrons in the left side of the circuit.</div>
+
Notice the flow of electrons in the left side of the circuit.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Electrons in the left side move much faster than the electrons in the right side of the circuit.</div>
+
Electrons in the left side move much faster than the electrons in the right side of the circuit.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">This is because the resistance for the left side of the circuit is less than that of the right side.</div>
+
This is because the resistance for the left side of the circuit is less than that of the right side.
 +
|-
 +
|| Drag the slider to right.
 +
||Now, change the potentiometer value by increasing the resistance slider.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Now, change the potentiometer value by increasing the resistance slider.</div>
+
For this condition, the electrons on the right side of the circuit are moving faster.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">For this condition, the electrons on the right side of the circuit are moving faster.</div>
+
This is because the resistance for the right side of the circuit is less than that of the left side.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">This is because the resistance for the right side of the circuit is less than that of the left side.</div>
+
The flow of current in the circuit depends on the resistance of the circuit.
 +
|-
 +
|| Click on the '''Circuits''' menu, go to '''Diodes'''.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">The flow of current in the circuit depends on the resistance of the circuit.</div>
+
>> select the '''Half wave rectifier '''from the list.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
|| Now, let us open another circuit and explore it.
| style="color:#000000;" |
+
|| <div style="color:#000000;">Now, let us open another circuit and explore it.</div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Click on the '''Circuits''' menu, go to '''Diodes''' and select the '''Half wave rectifier '''from the list.</div>
+
Click on the '''Circuits''' menu, go to '''Diodes''' and select the '''Half wave rectifier ''' from the list.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
|-  
| style="color:#000000;" | Half Wave Rectifier
+
|| Point to Half Wave Rectifier
|| <div style="color:#000000;"></div>
+
|| This circuit is built using a diode, an AC power supply and a resistor.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">This circuit is built using a diode, an AC power supply and a resistor.</div>
+
The half wave rectifier converts only one cycle of an AC supply into a pulsating DC output.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">The half wave rectifier converts only one cycle of an AC supply into a pulsating DC output.</div>
+
At the bottom of your screen, two graphs are shown.
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to the graphs
 +
||Input voltage is shown on the left graph and output voltage is shown on the right graph.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">At the bottom of your screen, two graphs are displayed.</div>
+
The diode allows either the positive or negative cycle of the input signal to pass through.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Input voltage is shown on the left graph and output voltage is shown on the right graph.</div>
+
In this circuit, the diode is connected in forward bias.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">The diode allows either the positive or negative cycle of the input signal to pass through.</div>
+
It allows only the positive half cycle of the input signal to pass through.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">In this circuit, the diode is connected in forward bias.</div>
+
|-
 +
|| Right click on the diode and select '''Swap terminals '''option'''.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">It allows only the positive half cycle of the input signal to pass through.</div>
+
Point to the graph.
 +
|| Change the orientation of the diode for the reverse bias mode and notice the changes.
  
<div style="color:#000000;"></div>
+
For this right click on the diode and select '''Swap terminals '''option'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
| style="color:#000000;" |
+
|| <div style="color:#000000;">Change the orientation of the diode for the reverse bias mode and notice the changes.</div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">For this right click on the diode and select '''Swap terminals '''option'''.'''</div>
+
Note the graph.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Note the graph.</div>
+
We can see the diode is passing the negative half cycle of the AC signal to pass through.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">We can see the diode is passing the negative half cycle of the AC signal to pass through.</div>
+
|-
 +
|| '''Half Wave Rectifier with capacitor'''
  
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
Use the '''swap terminals''' option to change the orientation of the diode to forward bias.
| style="color:#000000;" | '''Half Wave Rectifier with capacitor'''
+
|| <div style="color:#000000;">We will now add a capacitor to the circuit and attempt to get a pure DC output.</div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">First, use the '''swap terminals''' option to change the orientation of the diode to forward bias.</div>
+
|| We will now add a capacitor to the circuit and attempt to get a pure DC output.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Now, click on '''Draw''' menu, go to '''Passive components''' and select '''Add Capacitor (Polarized)'''</div>
+
First, use the '''swap terminals''' option to change the orientation of the diode to forward bias.
 +
|-
 +
||Click on '''Draw''' menu, go to '''Passive components''' and select '''Add Capacitor (Polarized)'''.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Drag and draw the capacitor in the working area.</div>
+
Drag and draw the capacitor in the working area.
 +
||Now, click on '''Draw''' menu, go to '''Passive components''' and select '''Add Capacitor (Polarized)'''
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Make the changes in the circuit to connect the capacitor parallel to the resistor as shown.</div>
+
Drag and draw the capacitor in the working area.
  
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
Make the changes in the circuit to connect the capacitor parallel to the resistor as shown.
| style="color:#000000;" |
+
|| <div style="color:#000000;">Use the '''edit''' option to change the capacitor value to 1000 microfarads</div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Notice the changes in the output graph.</div>
+
|-
 +
|| Use '''edit''' option to change the capacitor value to 1000 microfarads
 +
|| Use the '''edit''' option to change the capacitor value to 1000 microfarads
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Changing the capacitor value can result in a pure DC output.</div>
+
Notice the changes in the output graph.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">The half-wave rectifier converts AC to pulsating DC by permitting current flow in one direction.</div>
+
Changing the capacitor value can result in a pure DC output.
  
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
The half-wave rectifier converts AC to pulsating DC by permitting current flow in one direction.
| style="color:#000000;" |
+
|| <div style="color:#000000;">Let us study another circuit available on the '''CircuitJS''' platform.</div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Click on the '''Circuits''' menu, go to '''Transistors''' and select '''Multivibrators.'''</div>
+
|-
 +
|| Click on the '''Circuits''' menu, go to '''Transistors''' >> select '''Multivibrators.'''
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Then choose the '''Astable Multivibrator '''circuit.</div>
+
Choose the '''Astable Multivibrator '''circuit.
 +
|| Let us study another circuit available on the '''CircuitJS''' platform.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">An astable multivibrator circuit will be shown on your screen.</div>
+
Click on the '''Circuits''' menu, go to '''Transistors''' and select '''Multivibrators'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
| style="color:#000000;" | '''Astable Multivibrator'''
+
|| <div style="color:#000000;"></div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">To understand how an astable multivibrator works, we will add two LEDs to the circuit.</div>
+
Then choose the '''Astable Multivibrator '''circuit.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Click on '''Draw''', go to '''Outputs''' '''and''' '''Labels''', and select '''Add LED '''option'''.'''</div>
+
An astable multivibrator circuit will be shown on your screen.
 +
|-
 +
|| '''Astable Multivibrator'''
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Drag and draw the LED in the working area.</div>
+
Click on '''Draw''', go to '''Outputs'''  >>  '''Labels''', and select '''Add LED '''option'''.'''
 +
|| To understand how an astable multivibrator works, we will add two LEDs to the circuit.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Now, remove the wire connected to the collector terminal of the Q1 transistor.</div>
+
Click on '''Draw''', go to '''Outputs and Labels''', and select '''Add LED''' option.
 +
|-
 +
||Drag and draw the LED in the working area.
 +
||Drag and draw the LED in the working area.
 +
|-
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Replace the wire with the LED.</div>
+
||Remove the wire and Replace the LED.
 +
||Now, remove the wire connected to the collector terminal of the Q1 transistor.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Similarly, remove the wire connected to the collector terminal of the Q2 transistor. </div>
+
Replace the wire with the LED.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Now, right click on the LED component and click on the '''Duplicate''' option.</div>
+
Similarly, remove the wire connected to the collector terminal of the Q2 transistor.
 +
|-
 +
||Right click on the LED component >> click on the '''Duplicate''' option.
 +
||Now, right click on the LED component and click on the '''Duplicate''' option.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">A new LED will be generated in the working area.</div>
+
A new LED will be generated in the working area.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Connect this LED in the circuit as shown.</div>
+
Connect this LED in the circuit as shown.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
|-  
| style="color:#000000;" | '''Astable Multivibrator'''
+
|| '''Astable Multivibrator'''.
|| <div style="color:#000000;">Capacitor C1 controls the LED connected to the Q1 transistor.</div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Capacitor C2 controls the LED connected to the Q2 transistor.</div>
+
Point to C1 connected to Q1.
<div style="color:#000000;">Notice the LEDs are turning ON and OFF at alternate times.</div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">The LED is turned OFF when the capacitor is charging.</div>
+
Point to C2 Connected to Q2.
 +
|| Capacitor C1 controls the LED connected to the Q1 transistor.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">And the LED is turned ON when the capacitor is discharging.</div>
+
Capacitor C2 controls the LED connected to the Q2 transistor.
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to the LEDs.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">The value of both the capacitors C1 and C2 is 18 microfarads.</div>
+
Point to the values of the capacitors.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
|| Notice the LEDs are turning ON and OFF at alternate times.
| style="color:#000000;" |
+
|| <div style="color:#000000;"></div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Let usincrease the capacitor value to see the changes in the circuit.</div>
+
The LED is turned OFF when the capacitor is charging.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Use the '''edit''' option for both the capacitors and change their values to 100 microfarads.</div>
+
And the LED is turned ON when the capacitor is discharging.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Notice the turn ON and turn OFF timing of both the LEDs have increased.</div>
+
The value of both the capacitors C1 and C2 is 18 microfarads.
 +
|-
 +
|| Use the '''edit''' option for both the capacitors >> change their values to 100 microfarads.
 +
|| Let us increase the capacitor value to see the changes in the circuit.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">This is because of the change in values of the capacitors.</div>
+
Use the '''edit''' option for both the capacitors and change their values to 100 microfarads.
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to the LEDs.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Higher value capacitor takes more time to charge and discharge.</div>
+
Point to the capacitors.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Thus, while the capacitor is charging, the LED is turned OFF.</div>
+
||Notice the turn ON and turn OFF timing of both the LEDs have increased.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">And when the capacitor is discharging, the LED is turned ON.</div>
+
This is because of the change in values of the capacitors.
 +
 
 +
Higher value capacitor takes more time to charge and discharge.
 +
 
 +
Thus, while the capacitor is charging, the LED is turned OFF.
 +
 
 +
And when the capacitor is discharging, the LED is turned ON.
 +
|-
 +
||Point to the circuit.
 +
||The astable multivibrator is used for signal generation and timing applications.
 +
 
 +
It offers continuous oscillation without external triggering.
 +
|-
 +
|| Cursor on the CircuitJS interface.
 +
|| This way, you can perform multiple experiments using the '''CircuitJS''' platform.
 +
 
 +
Explore the other built in circuits available in circuitJS.
 +
|-
 +
||
 +
|| This brings us to the end of the tutorial. Let us summarize.
 +
|-
 +
|| Slide 5:
  
<div style="color:#000000;">The astable multivibrator is used for signal generation and timing applications.</div>
+
'''Summary'''
 +
|| In this tutorial, we explored the-
  
<div style="color:#000000;">It offers continuous oscillation without external triggering.</div>
+
* Built-in circuits available in '''CircuitJS'''
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
+
| style="color:#000000;" |
+
|| <div style="color:#000000;">This way, you can perform multiple experiments using the '''CircuitJS''' platform.</div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Explore the other built in circuits available in circuitJS.</div>
+
|-  
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
+
|| Slide 6:
| style="color:#000000;" |  
+
| style="color:#000000;" | This brings us to the end of the tutorial. Let us summarize.
+
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
+
|| <div style="color:#000000;">Slide:</div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Summary </div>
+
'''About Spoken Tutorial project'''
|| <div style="color:#000000;">In this tutorial, we explored the</div>
+
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
  
* <div style="color:#000000;margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Built-in circuits available in '''CircuitJS'''</div>
+
Please download and watch it.
 +
|-  
 +
|| Slide 7:
  
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
|| <div style="color:#000000;">Slide :</div>
+
|| The&nbsp;Spoken Tutorial Project&nbsp;Team conducts workshops and gives certificates.
  
<div style="color:#000000;">About Spoken Tutorial project</div>
+
For more details, please write to us.
|| <div style="color:#000000;">The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.</div>
+
|-
 +
|| Slide 8:  
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Please download and watch it.</div>
+
'''Forum for specific questions'''
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.
| style="color:#000000;" | Slide&nbsp;:Spoken Tutorial workshops
+
|-  
|| <div style="color:#000000;">The&nbsp;Spoken Tutorial Project&nbsp;Team conducts workshops and gives certificates.</div>
+
|| Slide 9:  
  
<div style="color:#000000;">For more details, please write to us.</div>
+
'''Acknowledgement'''
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
|| Spoken Tutorial project was established by the Ministry of Education(MoE), Govt of India
| style="color:#000000;" | Slide : Forum for specific questions
+
|-  
| style="color:#000000;" | Please post your timed queries in this forum.
+
||Slide 10:
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
| style="color:#000000;" | Acknowledgement
+
'''Thank You'''
| style="color:#000000;" | Spoken Tutorial project was established by the Ministry of Education(MoE), Govt of India
+
|| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
+
| style="color:#000000;" | Thank you
+
|| <div style="color:#000000;">This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.</div>
+
  
<div style="color:#000000;">Thank you for joining.</div>
+
Thank you for joining.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 17:12, 24 June 2024

Visual Cue Narration
Slide 1:

Title Slide

Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Built-in circuits in CircuitJS
Slide 2:

Learning Objectives

In this tutorial we will explore about
  • Built-in circuits available in CircuitJS
Slide 3:

System Requirements

To record this tutorial, I am using:
  • Ubuntu Linux 20.04 OS
  • CircuitJS Application
Slide 4:

Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you should have a basic knowledge of,
  • Electrical circuits
Let us open the CircuitJS interface.
Cursor on the CircuitJS interface. We will explore a few of the ready to use electronic circuits on the CircuitJS platform.
Click on the Circuits menu.

Point to the electronic circuits list.

In the menu bar, click on the Circuits menu.

You can see a list of ready to use electronic circuits.

Basic circuits such as Diodes', OP-AMPs, 555 Timer Chip and many other circuits are available here.

Basic Circuits - Potentiometer Let us see the working of a few circuits.

Go to the Basics in the list and select the Potentiometer circuit.

Point to 5-volt power supplies.

Point to slider named Resistance.

This circuit is built using a 1 Kilo Ohm potentiometer and two 5-volt power supplies.

On the right side of your screen, you will see a slider named Resistance.

This resistance slider is used to change the potentiometer value.

Point to the flow of electrons. Notice the flow of electrons on both sides of the circuit.

The resistance value is 500 Ohms on each side of the circuit.

Drag the slider. Use the resistance slider to lower the potentiometer value.

Notice the flow of electrons in the left side of the circuit.

Electrons in the left side move much faster than the electrons in the right side of the circuit.

This is because the resistance for the left side of the circuit is less than that of the right side.

Drag the slider to right. Now, change the potentiometer value by increasing the resistance slider.

For this condition, the electrons on the right side of the circuit are moving faster.

This is because the resistance for the right side of the circuit is less than that of the left side.

The flow of current in the circuit depends on the resistance of the circuit.

Click on the Circuits menu, go to Diodes.

>> select the Half wave rectifier from the list.

Now, let us open another circuit and explore it.

Click on the Circuits menu, go to Diodes and select the Half wave rectifier from the list.

Point to Half Wave Rectifier This circuit is built using a diode, an AC power supply and a resistor.

The half wave rectifier converts only one cycle of an AC supply into a pulsating DC output.

At the bottom of your screen, two graphs are shown.

Point to the graphs Input voltage is shown on the left graph and output voltage is shown on the right graph.

The diode allows either the positive or negative cycle of the input signal to pass through.

In this circuit, the diode is connected in forward bias.

It allows only the positive half cycle of the input signal to pass through.

Right click on the diode and select Swap terminals option.

Point to the graph.

Change the orientation of the diode for the reverse bias mode and notice the changes.

For this right click on the diode and select Swap terminals option.

Note the graph.

We can see the diode is passing the negative half cycle of the AC signal to pass through.

Half Wave Rectifier with capacitor

Use the swap terminals option to change the orientation of the diode to forward bias.

We will now add a capacitor to the circuit and attempt to get a pure DC output.

First, use the swap terminals option to change the orientation of the diode to forward bias.

Click on Draw menu, go to Passive components and select Add Capacitor (Polarized).

Drag and draw the capacitor in the working area.

Now, click on Draw menu, go to Passive components and select Add Capacitor (Polarized)

Drag and draw the capacitor in the working area.

Make the changes in the circuit to connect the capacitor parallel to the resistor as shown.

Use edit option to change the capacitor value to 1000 microfarads Use the edit option to change the capacitor value to 1000 microfarads

Notice the changes in the output graph.

Changing the capacitor value can result in a pure DC output.

The half-wave rectifier converts AC to pulsating DC by permitting current flow in one direction.

Click on the Circuits menu, go to Transistors >> select Multivibrators.

Choose the Astable Multivibrator circuit.

Let us study another circuit available on the CircuitJS platform.

Click on the Circuits menu, go to Transistors and select Multivibrators.

Then choose the Astable Multivibrator circuit.

An astable multivibrator circuit will be shown on your screen.

Astable Multivibrator

Click on Draw, go to Outputs >> Labels, and select Add LED option.

To understand how an astable multivibrator works, we will add two LEDs to the circuit.

Click on Draw, go to Outputs and Labels, and select Add LED option.

Drag and draw the LED in the working area. Drag and draw the LED in the working area.
Remove the wire and Replace the LED. Now, remove the wire connected to the collector terminal of the Q1 transistor.

Replace the wire with the LED.

Similarly, remove the wire connected to the collector terminal of the Q2 transistor.

Right click on the LED component >> click on the Duplicate option. Now, right click on the LED component and click on the Duplicate option.

A new LED will be generated in the working area.

Connect this LED in the circuit as shown.

Astable Multivibrator.

Point to C1 connected to Q1.

Point to C2 Connected to Q2.

Capacitor C1 controls the LED connected to the Q1 transistor.

Capacitor C2 controls the LED connected to the Q2 transistor.

Point to the LEDs.

Point to the values of the capacitors.

Notice the LEDs are turning ON and OFF at alternate times.

The LED is turned OFF when the capacitor is charging.

And the LED is turned ON when the capacitor is discharging.

The value of both the capacitors C1 and C2 is 18 microfarads.

Use the edit option for both the capacitors >> change their values to 100 microfarads. Let us increase the capacitor value to see the changes in the circuit.

Use the edit option for both the capacitors and change their values to 100 microfarads.

Point to the LEDs.

Point to the capacitors.

Notice the turn ON and turn OFF timing of both the LEDs have increased.

This is because of the change in values of the capacitors.

Higher value capacitor takes more time to charge and discharge.

Thus, while the capacitor is charging, the LED is turned OFF.

And when the capacitor is discharging, the LED is turned ON.

Point to the circuit. The astable multivibrator is used for signal generation and timing applications.

It offers continuous oscillation without external triggering.

Cursor on the CircuitJS interface. This way, you can perform multiple experiments using the CircuitJS platform.

Explore the other built in circuits available in circuitJS.

This brings us to the end of the tutorial. Let us summarize.
Slide 5:

Summary

In this tutorial, we explored the-
  • Built-in circuits available in CircuitJS
Slide 6:

About Spoken Tutorial project

The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

Slide 7:

Spoken Tutorial workshops

The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.

Slide 8:

Forum for specific questions

Please post your timed queries in this forum.
Slide 9:

Acknowledgement

Spoken Tutorial project was established by the Ministry of Education(MoE), Govt of India
Slide 10:

Thank You

This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Madhurig, Nirmala Venkat