Difference between revisions of "PhET-Simulations-for-Chemistry/C3/Sugar-and-Salt-solutions/English"
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'''Title Slide''' | '''Title Slide''' | ||
− | || Welcome to this tutorial on '''Sugar and Salt solutions | + | || Welcome to this tutorial on '''Sugar and Salt solutions'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|| '''Slide Number 2''' | || '''Slide Number 2''' | ||
Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
|| In this tutorial, we will learn about, | || In this tutorial, we will learn about, | ||
− | |||
Change in concentration of the solution on: | Change in concentration of the solution on: | ||
− | *addition of a solute | + | * addition of a solute |
− | *addition of a solvent | + | * addition of a solvent |
− | *evaporation | + | * evaporation |
+ | |- | ||
+ | || '''Slide Number 3''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Learning Objectives''' | ||
− | Conductivity of a solution | + | || Conductivity of a solution |
Identify whether the given compound is ionic or covalent. | Identify whether the given compound is ionic or covalent. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | || '''Slide Number | + | || '''Slide Number 4''' |
'''System Requirement''' | '''System Requirement''' | ||
Line 42: | Line 45: | ||
− | '''Windows 11 (64 bit) | + | '''Windows 11 (64 bit)''' |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
+ | '''Java version 1.8'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ||'''Slide Number | + | ||'''Slide Number 5''' |
'''Pre-requisites''' | '''Pre-requisites''' | ||
Line 58: | Line 60: | ||
Please use the link below to access the tutorials on PhET Simulations. | Please use the link below to access the tutorials on PhET Simulations. | ||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | ||'''Slide Number | + | ||'''Slide Number 6''' |
'''Link for PhET simulation''' | '''Link for PhET simulation''' | ||
Line 88: | Line 89: | ||
Move the cursor on the tabs, '''Macro, Micro and Water'''. | Move the cursor on the tabs, '''Macro, Micro and Water'''. | ||
− | |||
Line 97: | Line 97: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on Macro interface. | || Cursor on Macro interface. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|| '''Macro '''tab opens first by default. | || '''Macro '''tab opens first by default. | ||
The main panel shows a container with inlet and outlet water faucets. | The main panel shows a container with inlet and outlet water faucets. | ||
+ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| Show the location of inlet and outlet Faucets. | || Show the location of inlet and outlet Faucets. | ||
Line 117: | Line 113: | ||
− | The markings show 0 Litre, 1 Litre and 2 Litres. | + | The markings show 0 '''Litre''', 1 '''Litre''' and 2 '''Litres'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|| Show salt shaker. | || Show salt shaker. | ||
Line 123: | Line 119: | ||
Shake the salt dispenser to add salt to the container. | Shake the salt dispenser to add salt to the container. | ||
+ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on the right panel. | || Cursor on the right panel. | ||
− | || On the right, we see '''Solute''', '''Concentration '''and''' Conductivity '''panels. | + | || On the right, we see '''Solute''', '''Concentration ''' and ''' Conductivity '''panels. |
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on the right panel. | || Cursor on the right panel. | ||
Line 131: | Line 128: | ||
Point to the options. | Point to the options. | ||
− | || | + | || The '''Solute''' panel shows '''Salt''' and '''Sugar''' radio buttons. |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | The '''Solute''' panel shows '''Salt''' and '''Sugar''' radio buttons. | + | |
From here we can select the solute type. | From here we can select the solute type. | ||
Line 156: | Line 150: | ||
Drag the Evaporation slider from none to lots. | Drag the Evaporation slider from none to lots. | ||
− | || At the bottom we see '''Evaporation''' panel with a slider. | + | || At the bottom we see '''Evaporation''' panel with a slider. |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
Line 165: | Line 157: | ||
Observe the change in the concentration in the '''Concentration''' panel. | Observe the change in the concentration in the '''Concentration''' panel. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
As water evaporates the concentration of the salt increases. | As water evaporates the concentration of the salt increases. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | || Cursor to the bottom of container | + | || Cursor to the bottom of container. |
|| There is a '''Remove salt '''button at the bottom of the container. | || There is a '''Remove salt '''button at the bottom of the container. | ||
Line 180: | Line 168: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| Click the '''Reset All '''button. | || Click the '''Reset All '''button. | ||
− | || '''Reset All '''button resets the simulation to default parameters. | + | || '''Reset All ''' button resets the simulation to default parameters. |
+ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on the water container. | || Cursor on the water container. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
Click on the show value check box. | Click on the show value check box. | ||
Line 202: | Line 184: | ||
|| Shake the salt dispenser. | || Shake the salt dispenser. | ||
|| Shake the salt shaker to add salt to the container. | || Shake the salt shaker to add salt to the container. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | || '''Slide Number | + | || '''Slide Number 7''' |
− | ''' | + | '''Concentration and Molarity''' |
− | + | || Concentration is a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a given solution. | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | || | + | |
− | + | ||
− | Concentration is a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a given solution. | + | |
Molarity is one way of expressing concentration. | Molarity is one way of expressing concentration. | ||
+ | |- | ||
− | + | ||'''Slide Number 8''' | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
+ | '''Molarity''' | ||
+ | || Molarity is equal to Number of moles of the solute by Volume of solution in litres(L) | ||
+ | Molarity(M) is equal to n by V(n/V). | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on concentration panel | || Cursor on concentration panel | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Shake the dispenser to add salt | Shake the dispenser to add salt | ||
− | || On adding salt, concentration increases as seen in the | + | || On adding salt, concentration increases as seen in the '''Concentration''' panel. |
I will record the change in concentration. | I will record the change in concentration. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on concentration panel | || Cursor on concentration panel | ||
Line 271: | Line 225: | ||
Let's tabulate the values to calculate the amount of solute. | Let's tabulate the values to calculate the amount of solute. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | || '''Slide Number | + | || '''Slide Number 9''' |
'''Table 1''' | '''Table 1''' | ||
Line 294: | Line 248: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on Evaporation panel. | || Cursor on Evaporation panel. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Line 305: | Line 257: | ||
− | I will drag the evaporation slider from '''none ''' to ''' lots '''to decrease the volume. | + | I will drag the evaporation slider from '''none ''' to ''' lots ''' to decrease the volume. |
Line 311: | Line 263: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor to the green electrode | || Cursor to the green electrode | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
Cursor to red electrode | Cursor to red electrode | ||
− | |||
Line 323: | Line 271: | ||
|| Let us now check the '''Conductivity''' panel. | || Let us now check the '''Conductivity''' panel. | ||
− | It | + | It consists of a circuit with a green negatively charged anode. |
Line 329: | Line 277: | ||
− | A bulb is connected to a battery to observe the | + | A bulb is connected to a battery to observe the conductivity. |
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on the right panel. | || Cursor on the right panel. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Line 339: | Line 285: | ||
− | + | Cursor towards the bulb. | |
− | + | ||
− | Cursor towards the | + | |
|| Now let us observe the conductivity of the solution. | || Now let us observe the conductivity of the solution. | ||
Line 354: | Line 298: | ||
Cursor to the bulb | Cursor to the bulb | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
Line 363: | Line 304: | ||
The bulb glows brighter as the concentration of salt in the solution increases. | The bulb glows brighter as the concentration of salt in the solution increases. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
Line 379: | Line 318: | ||
− | Let us select the '''Show values''' checkbox in the | + | Let us select the '''Show values''' checkbox in the right panel. |
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on the water container. | || Cursor on the water container. | ||
− | + | || Now let us observe the concentration of sugar in water. | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | || | + | |
Line 396: | Line 332: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on concentration panel | || Cursor on concentration panel | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Line 409: | Line 343: | ||
Let's tabulate the results. | Let's tabulate the results. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | || '''Slide Number | + | || '''Slide Number 10''' |
'''Table 2''' | '''Table 2''' | ||
Line 418: | Line 352: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on right panel. | || Cursor on right panel. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
Drag the circuit inside the solution | Drag the circuit inside the solution | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Cursor towards the blub | Cursor towards the blub | ||
− | || | + | || Now let us observe the conductivity of the solution. |
− | + | Let us drag and place the conductivity circuit inside the solution. | |
Line 437: | Line 366: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| Point to the solution and bulb. | || Point to the solution and bulb. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|| This is because sugar does not dissociate into ions. | || This is because sugar does not dissociate into ions. | ||
Hence cannot conduct electricity. | Hence cannot conduct electricity. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| Click on the micro tab to open. | || Click on the micro tab to open. | ||
− | || To observe this phenomenon in detail click the '''Micro '''tab to open it. | + | || To observe this phenomenon in detail click the '''Micro ''' tab to open it. |
+ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on the interface. | || Cursor on the interface. | ||
Line 456: | Line 380: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on right panel. | || Cursor on right panel. | ||
− | + | || On the right, you will see '''Solute ''' and '''Concentration ''' panels. | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | || On the right, you will see '''Solute '''and '''Concentration '''panels. | + | |
Line 467: | Line 386: | ||
− | + | '''Concentration''' panel, represents sodium as purple spheres and chloride as green spheres. | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
Line 478: | Line 395: | ||
Cursor on pause and slow button | Cursor on pause and slow button | ||
− | |||
Line 490: | Line 406: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| Shake salt shaker in a container, | || Shake salt shaker in a container, | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Click on the pause button. | Click on the pause button. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Click the slow-motion button multiple times. | Click the slow-motion button multiple times. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
Line 521: | Line 428: | ||
− | On adding | + | On adding salt to water it dissociates into ions of opposite charges. |
− | + | Also, observe an increase in concentration of sodium and chloride ions in the right panel. | |
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on the right panel. | || Cursor on the right panel. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Line 537: | Line 442: | ||
Cursor towards the container. | Cursor towards the container. | ||
− | || Let's click the '''Reset All''' button to reset the simulation to default parameters. | + | || Let's click on the '''Reset All''' button to reset the simulation to default parameters. |
Line 555: | Line 460: | ||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| Click the arrow button to show the solutes. | || Click the arrow button to show the solutes. | ||
Line 562: | Line 466: | ||
You can practise with the other solutes present in the panel. | You can practise with the other solutes present in the panel. | ||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on Periodic table button. | || Cursor on Periodic table button. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
Click on the button. | Click on the button. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Line 597: | Line 495: | ||
It shows a magnified version of molecular interactions between water molecules. | It shows a magnified version of molecular interactions between water molecules. | ||
− | |||
Line 605: | Line 502: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| Cursor on the right panel. | || Cursor on the right panel. | ||
− | |||
Line 629: | Line 525: | ||
Cursor on water partial charges in the container. | Cursor on water partial charges in the container. | ||
− | || On the bottom right panel, you will see the '''Show '''panel. | + | || On the bottom right panel, you will see the '''Show ''' panel. |
− | It has two options, Water partial charges and Sugar highlight . | + | It has two options, '''Water partial charges''' and '''Sugar highlight'''. |
− | Sugar highlight option is selected by default. | + | '''Sugar highlight''' option is selected by default. |
Line 641: | Line 537: | ||
− | + | Let's uncheck the '''Sugar highlight ''' option. | |
Line 647: | Line 543: | ||
− | Click the '''Water partial charges''' option | + | Click the '''Water partial charges''' option to see the partial charges on the water molecule. |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
Line 668: | Line 562: | ||
Click on the Ball and stick model. | Click on the Ball and stick model. | ||
− | || In the right panel, we can also see a '''Sugar in 3D '''button. | + | || In the right panel, we can also see a '''Sugar in 3D ''' button. |
Line 677: | Line 571: | ||
− | Now Let's select the Ball and stick option. | + | Now Let's select the '''Ball and stick''' option. |
− | The sticks in the model | + | The sticks in the model represents covalent bonds between adjacent atoms. |
|- | |- | ||
|| Click on the X button to close. | || Click on the X button to close. | ||
Line 721: | Line 615: | ||
− | Select the water partial charges option in the '''Show''' panel. | + | Select the '''water partial charges''' option in the '''Show''' panel. |
|- | |- | ||
|| Add sugar to water and pause the simulation. | || Add sugar to water and pause the simulation. | ||
Line 736: | Line 630: | ||
− | This resists its dissociation in water so no ions are formed. | + | This resists its dissociation in water, so no ions are formed. |
|- | |- | ||
− | || '''Slide Number | + | || '''Slide Number 11''' |
'''Summary''' | '''Summary''' | ||
− | || With this we come to the end of this tutorial. | + | || With this we have come to the end of this tutorial. |
Let's summarise. | Let's summarise. | ||
Line 750: | Line 644: | ||
Change in concentration of the solution on: | Change in concentration of the solution on: | ||
− | *addition of a solute | + | * addition of a solute |
− | *addition of a solvent | + | * addition of a solvent |
− | *evaporation | + | * evaporation |
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''Slide Number 12''' | ||
+ | '''Summary''' | ||
− | Conductivity of a solution. | + | ||Conductivity of a solution. |
Identify whether the given compound is ionic or covalent. | Identify whether the given compound is ionic or covalent. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | || '''Slide Number | + | || '''Slide Number 13''' |
'''Assignment''' | '''Assignment''' | ||
− | || | + | || As an assignment, |
− | + | ||
− | As an assignment, | + | |
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Interpret the possible dissociated ions and predict their conductivity. | Interpret the possible dissociated ions and predict their conductivity. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | || '''Slide Number | + | || '''Slide Number 14''' |
'''About Spoken Tutorial Project ''' | '''About Spoken Tutorial Project ''' | ||
||The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. | ||The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. | ||
− | *Please download and watch it. | + | * Please download and watch it. |
|- | |- | ||
− | || '''Slide Number | + | || '''Slide Number 15''' |
'''Spoken tutorial workshops ''' | '''Spoken tutorial workshops ''' | ||
||We conduct workshops using spoken tutorials and give certificates. | ||We conduct workshops using spoken tutorials and give certificates. | ||
− | *For more details, please contact us. | + | * For more details, please contact us. |
|- | |- | ||
− | || '''Slide Number | + | || '''Slide Number 16''' |
Line 807: | Line 702: | ||
You will have to register on this website to ask questions. | You will have to register on this website to ask questions. | ||
− | || * | + | || |
− | + | * Please post your timed queries in this forum. | |
|- | |- | ||
− | || '''Slide Number | + | || '''Slide Number 17''' |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
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− | + | ||
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Line 828: | Line 712: | ||
|| Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education (MoE), Govt. of India | || Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education (MoE), Govt. of India | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | || | + | ||'''Slide Number 18''' |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
+ | '''Thank you''' | ||
+ | ||This is Vidhi Thakur, a FOSSEE summer fellow 2022, IIT Bombay signing off | ||
Latest revision as of 15:28, 10 January 2023
Sugar and Salt Solutions
Author: Vidhi Thakur
Keywords: PhET simulation, Sugar, Salts, solute, molarity, concentration, evaporation, Conductivity, water partial charges, space fill format and Ball and stick format, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.
Visual Cue | Narration |
Slide Number 1
Title Slide |
Welcome to this tutorial on Sugar and Salt solutions. |
Slide Number 2
Learning Objectives
|
In this tutorial, we will learn about,
Change in concentration of the solution on:
|
Slide Number 3
Learning Objectives |
Conductivity of a solution
Identify whether the given compound is ionic or covalent. |
Slide Number 4
System Requirement |
Here I am using
Java version 1.8.
|
Slide Number 5
Pre-requisites https://spoken-tutorial.org |
To follow this tutorial, learner should be familiar with topics in high school science.
|
Slide Number 6
Link for PhET simulation point to
|
Please use the given link to download the PhET simulation.
|
Point to the file in the Downloads folder. | I have downloaded Sugar and Salt Solutions simulation, to my Downloads folder. |
Double click the file to open | To open the simulation double click on the file. |
Cursor on the interface. | This is the interface of Sugar and Salt Solutions simulation |
Cursor on simulation interface.
|
The simulation interface has 3 tabs.
|
Cursor on Macro interface. | Macro tab opens first by default.
|
Show the location of inlet and outlet Faucets. | Inlet water faucet is placed at the top-left of the container.
|
Cursor on the container. | The container is graduated and filled with water.
|
Show salt shaker. | A salt shaker is placed at the top of the container.
Shake the salt dispenser to add salt to the container. |
Cursor on the right panel. | On the right, we see Solute, Concentration and Conductivity panels. |
Cursor on the right panel.
|
The Solute panel shows Salt and Sugar radio buttons.
From here we can select the solute type. Let us keep the default solute as salt.
|
Cursor on the right panel.
Click on the show values checkbox |
The Concentration panel shows the concentration as a bar graph.
|
Cursor to bottom panel
|
At the bottom we see Evaporation panel with a slider.
|
Cursor to the bottom of container. | There is a Remove salt button at the bottom of the container.
On clicking this button salt is removed from the solution. |
Click the Reset All button. | Reset All button resets the simulation to default parameters. |
Cursor on the water container.
Click on the show value check box. |
Let us observe the concentration of salt in water.
|
Shake the salt dispenser. | Shake the salt shaker to add salt to the container. |
Slide Number 7
|
Concentration is a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a given solution.
|
Slide Number 8
Molarity |
Molarity is equal to Number of moles of the solute by Volume of solution in litres(L)
Molarity(M) is equal to n by V(n/V).
|
Cursor on concentration panel
|
On adding salt, concentration increases as seen in the Concentration panel.
|
Cursor on concentration panel | Let us add more salt and record the change in concentration.
|
Slide Number 9
Table 1 |
Here I have calculated the amount of solute for different concentrations.
|
Drag the slider on the inlet Faucet. | Let's add some water to the container till the 1.5 litres mark.
|
Cursor on the simulation. | A decrease in concentration is observed.
|
Cursor on Evaporation panel.
|
Now let us see the effect of evaporation on concentration.
|
Cursor to the green electrode
Cursor to red electrode
Cursor to bulb and battery |
Let us now check the Conductivity panel.
It consists of a circuit with a green negatively charged anode.
|
Cursor on the right panel.
|
Now let us observe the conductivity of the solution.
|
Shake the salt dispenser.
|
Let's add more salt to the container.
|
Point to the bulb. | Dissociated salts conduct electricity through ions.
Hence intensity of brightness increases. |
Click on Reset all button
|
Click on the Reset All button.
|
Cursor on the water container. | Now let us observe the concentration of sugar in water.
|
Shake the sugar dispenser. | Let's add sugar to the container.
|
Cursor on concentration panel
|
On adding sugar concentration increases as seen in the Concentration panel.
|
Slide Number 10
Table 2 |
Molecular weight of sugar is 342.3 g/mol
|
Cursor on right panel.
Drag the circuit inside the solution
|
Now let us observe the conductivity of the solution.
|
Point to the solution and bulb. | This is because sugar does not dissociate into ions.
Hence cannot conduct electricity. |
Click on the micro tab to open. | To observe this phenomenon in detail click the Micro tab to open it. |
Cursor on the interface. | In the Micro tab, molecular movement of ions can be observed in the solution. |
Cursor on right panel. | On the right, you will see Solute and Concentration panels.
|
Cursor on the water container.
|
I will keep Sodium chloride as the default solute.
|
Shake salt shaker in a container,
Cursor in right panel |
Let us add sodium chloride to the container using the salt shaker.
|
Cursor on the right panel.
Add Sucrose to the container.
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Let's click on the Reset All button to reset the simulation to default parameters.
|
Point to the molecules in the container. | Sucrose will not dissociate, as it is a molecular solid with covalent bonding.
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Click the arrow button to show the solutes. | Now slide the solute panel to explore more solutes.
|
Cursor on Periodic table button.
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The Periodic table button is present in the right panel.
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Click on the Water tab.
|
Now click on the Water tab.
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Point to sugar and salt in molecular form. | Interface shows salt and sugar as solutes in molecular form. |
Cursor on the right panel.
Cursor on options and buttons.
Point to the sugar molecules in the Sugar bucket.
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On the bottom right panel, you will see the Show panel.
|
Cursor on the button.
|
In the right panel, we can also see a Sugar in 3D button.
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Click on the X button to close. | Let us close the window. |
Add salt and pause the simulation.
|
Now let's add salt to water and immediately pause the simulation.
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Click on the Reset All.
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Click on the Reset All button on the right panel.
|
Add sugar to water and pause the simulation.
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Now add sugar to water and immediately pause the simulation.
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Slide Number 11
Summary |
With this we have come to the end of this tutorial.
Let's summarise.
|
Slide Number 12
Summary |
Conductivity of a solution.
Identify whether the given compound is ionic or covalent. |
Slide Number 13
Assignment |
As an assignment,
|
Slide Number 14
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The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
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Slide Number 15
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We conduct workshops using spoken tutorials and give certificates.
|
Slide Number 16
Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial? Please visit this site Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly The spoken tutorial project will ensure answer. You will have to register on this website to ask questions. |
|
Slide Number 17
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Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education (MoE), Govt. of India |
Slide Number 18
Thank you |
This is Vidhi Thakur, a FOSSEE summer fellow 2022, IIT Bombay signing off
|