Difference between revisions of "PhET-Simulations-for-Physics/C2/Static-Electricity-and-Charges/English"

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 +
Title of script:  Static Electricity, Charges and Fields
  
 +
 +
Keywords:  PhET simulation, charges, static electricity, balloons, voltage, electric field, nano coulomb, equipotential lines, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.
  
  
 
{| border=1
 
{| border=1
−
|| '''Visual Cue'''
+
|| '''Visual Cue '''
−
|| '''Narration'''
+
|| '''Narration'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| '''Slide Number 1'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 1'''
  
 
'''Title Slide'''
 
'''Title Slide'''
−
||  Welcome to this Spoken Tutorial on '''Number Line: Integers'''.
 
−
 
−
 
  
 +
|| Welcome to this Spoken tutorial on '''Static Electricity and Charges'''.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| '''Slide Number 2'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 2'''
−
 
−
'''Learning Objectives'''
 
−
||  In this tutorial, we will learn how to:
 
−
* Use integers to represent quantities in multiple contexts
 
−
* Compare integers on the number line
 
−
* Change the relative positions of integers on the number line
 
  
  
 +
'''Learning Objectives'''
 +
|| In this tutorial we will learn to,
 +
* Transfer charges to an object
 +
* Show the attraction and repulsion between the charged objects
 +
* Arrange the charges and predict the electric field.
 
|-
 
|-
 +
 
|| '''Slide Number 3'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 3'''
  
−
'''System Requirements'''
 
−
||  This tutorial is recorded using,
 
  
−
macOS Catalina version 10.15.7
+
'''Learning Objectives'''
  
−
Google chrome version 101.0.49
+
||
 +
* Measure the voltage at various locations.
 +
* Draw equipotential lines.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| '''Slide Number 4'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 4'''
  
−
'''Pre-requisites'''
+
'''System Requirements'''
 +
|| This tutorial is recorded using,
  
 +
* Ubuntu Linux OS version 18.04
 +
* Firefox Web Browser version 98.0.2.
  
−
'''https://spoken-tutorial.org'''
+
|-
 +
|| '''Slide Number 5'''
  
 +
'''Pre-requisites'''
  
  
−
|| To follow this tutorial,  
+
'''[https://spoken-tutorial.org/ https://spoken-tutorial.org]'''
−
 
+
|| To follow this tutorial,
−
Learners should be familiar with topics in basic mathematics.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
Please use the link below to access the tutorials on '''PhET simulations'''.
+
  
 +
Learners should be familiar with topics in basic science.
  
  
 +
Please use the link below to access the tutorials on '''PhET Simulations'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 5'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 6'''  
  
−
'''Link for PhET simulation'''
+
Links for '''PhET simulations
  
  
−
'''https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/number-line-integers'''
+
'''https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/balloons-and-static-electricity'''
−
||  Please use the given link to download the '''PhET''' '''simulation'''.
+
−
|-
+
−
|| '''Slide Number 6'''
+
  
−
'''PhET simulations'''
+
'''https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/charges-and-fields'''
  
  
  
−
|| In this tutorial, we will use the '''Number Line: Integers''' '''PhET simulation'''.
+
|| Please use the given links to download the '''PhET simulations'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the simulation in the Downloads folder
+
|| '''Slide Number 7'''
  
  
−
'''Number Line: Integers simulation'''
+
'''PhET Simulations'''
 +
|| In this tutorial we will use the following '''PhET simulations'''.
  
 +
'''Balloons and Static Electricity''' and
  
−
 
+
'''Charges and Fields'''.
−
||  I have already downloaded the '''simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Double click on the '''number-line-integers_en.html''' file
+
|| Point to the simulations in the Downloads folder.  
−
||  To open the simulation, double click on the '''number-line-integers_en.html''' file.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
The file will open in your default browser.  
+
  
 +
'''Balloons and Static Electricity''' and
  
 +
'''Charges and Fields simulations'''
 +
|| I have already downloaded the '''simulations ''' to my ''' Downloads ''' folder.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the simulation interface
+
|| Point to '''Balloons and Static Electricity''' simulation.
−
||  This is the interface of the '''Number Line: Integers''' simulation.
+
|| Let us begin with '''Balloons and Static Electricity''' simulation.
−
|-
+
−
|| Point to each screen
+
−
|| The interface has two screens, '''Explore''' and '''Generic'''
+
  
−
 
−
 
−
|-
 
−
|| Click on '''Explore''' screen
 
−
||  Click on the '''Explore''' screen.
 
−
|-
 
−
|| Point to the number line.
 
−
||  The screen has a vertical '''number line ''' to depict the elevation of objects.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Objects''' box.
+
|| Right-click on '''balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html file.'''
−
||  This is the '''Objects '''box at the bottom of the screen. We can drag and place objects on the number line.
+
  
 +
Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser ''' option.
  
 +
Point to the browser address.
  
−
|-
 
−
|| Point to the different scenarios.
 
−
||  We can view this '''simulation''' in different scenarios.
 
  
 +
|| To open the simulation, right-click on '''balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html''' file.
  
−
The first one is the comparison of elevations of a person, a bird and a fish.  
+
Select the option '''Open With Firefox Web Browser'''.
  
 +
You can use your default browser to open the '''Html''' file.
  
−
The second is the comparison of two bank account balances.
 
  
 +
The file opens in the browser.
  
−
The last is the comparison of temperatures of different locations.  
+
|-
 +
|| Point to the simulation interface.
 +
|| This is the interface of the '''Balloons and Static Electricity''' simulation.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Point the positive and negative charges on the '''PhET sweater'''.
 +
|| '''Simulation''' has a '''PhET Sweater ''' with uniform distribution of charges.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to the positive and negative charges.
 +
|| We may assume positive charges as protons and negative charges as electrons.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the smaller '''reset''' button.
+
|| Point to the radio buttons.
−
|| The smaller '''reset''' button resets the current scenario.
+
|| Below the ''' Sweater''', we have 3 radio buttons.
−
|-
+
−
|| Point to the information check boxes.
+
−
||  On the top right, we have the following check boxes.
+
  
  
−
'''Number Line''', '''Labels''',  and ''' Absolute Value'''
+
By default '''Show all charges ''' radio button is selected.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Click on '''Show no charges''' radio button.
  
−
We can use these check boxes to show and hide the details.  
+
Point to the items.
 +
|| Let’s click on '''Show no charges''' radio button.
  
 +
Observe that charges from all the items are removed.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Point the '''Reset''' button at the bottom right.
 +
|| Let’s click the '''Reset''' button provided at the bottom to reset the simulation.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Comparison Statement ''' on the top centre of the screen
+
|| Point to the positive and negative charges on the yellow balloon.
−
|| At the top, is the '''comparison statement'''.
+
|| A yellow balloon with four pairs of charges is shown next to the sweater.
  
−
 
−
It can be minimised.
 
−
 
−
We can again maximise it when required.
 
−
|-
 
−
|| Point to the '''reset''' button
 
−
||  The '''reset''' button resets the simulation.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Objects''' box
+
|| Point to the buttons at the bottom.
−
||  Let us put the objects inside the scenario.  
+
  
 +
Point to the '''Reset Balloon''' button.
 +
|| Two buttons to select the balloons are provided at the bottom.
  
−
We can place them at any point on the line.  
+
'''Reset Balloon''' button returns the balloon to its neutral state.  
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to the positive and negative charges on the wall.
 +
|| A wall with uniform distribution of charges is on the extreme right of the interface.
  
−
Their position from the sea level is represented on the number line.
+
This wall serves as a '''dielectric'''.
 +
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to the toggle button.
  
 +
Click on the button.
 +
|| At the bottom of the wall, a '''toggle''' button to '''Remove Wall''' and '''Add Wall''' is provided.
  
 +
This button helps to add or remove the wall.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Check the '''Absolute Value''' check box
+
|| Drag the yellow balloon towards '''PhET sweater''' >> rub it on the sweater.
−
||  Let us check the '''Absolute value''' check box.  
+
  
  
−
It shows us the distance as an absolute value.
 
  
 +
|| Let’s drag the yellow balloon towards the '''PhET sweater''' and rub it on the '''sweater'''.
  
−
It also tells us the direction of the three objects.
 
  
 +
On rubbing, negative charges, that is electrons, get accumulated on the balloon.
  
 +
The positive charges do not move from their places.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Person'''.
+
||Point to the balloon.
−
|| The person is placed 62 metres above sea level.
+
||The balloon now gets attracted to the sweater and moves towards it.  
  
−
This is represented as 62 metres on the number line.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Bird'''.
+
|| Drag the charged balloon to the wall.
−
|| The bird is placed 30 metres above sea level.
+
 
 +
Point to the charges.
 +
|| Drag the charged balloon close to the wall.
 +
 
 +
The negative charges on the wall get repelled.
  
−
This is represented as 30 metres on the number line.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Fish'''.
+
|| Click the '''Reset Balloon''' button.
−
|| The fish is placed 45 metres below sea level.
+
|| Let’s click the '''Reset Balloon ''' button to make the balloon neutral.
  
−
This is represented as -45 metres on the number line.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Comparison Statement'''.
+
|| Click on the two balloons button.  
−
|| See the comparison statement at the top.
+
|| Let’s click the two balloons button to add the balloons.  
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Rub the green balloon on the sweater.
  
−
-45 is less than 30 which is less than 62.
 
  
 +
Rub the yellow balloon to collect the remaining charges.
 +
|| Rub the green balloon on the sweater to collect a few negative charges.
  
−
Using these arrows, we can view the comparison in ascending or descending order.
 
  
 +
Now rub the yellow balloon to collect the remaining charges.
  
  
−
|-
+
The two balloons accumulate negative charges from the sweater.  
−
|| Point to the sea level on the screen.
+
−
||  Note that an object can also be placed on the surface of the sea.
+
  
  
 +
So they repel each other.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Drag the '''Bird''' down to the sea level.
+
|| Drag the balloons to the wall.
−
|| Let us drag the bird down to sea level.  
+
|| When we move the balloons towards the wall, we see charge separation.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line.
+
|| Click the '''Remove Wall ''' button.
−
||  In this case, it is represented as 0 on the number line.  
+
  
 +
Point to the balloons.
 +
|| Now click the '''Remove Wall''' button.
  
 +
The balloons get attracted to the sweater.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on the second scenario.
+
|| Click the Show charge differences radio button.
−
|| Let us select the second scenario.  
+
|| Click the '''Show charge differences''' radio button.
  
 +
Observe that pairs of positive and negative charge are removed from the balloons.
  
 +
Only negative charges remain on them.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line.
+
|| Click on '''Add Wall''' button.
−
||  This number line represents bank account balance.
+
  
 +
Point to the wall.
 +
|| Now click on '''Add Wall''' button.
  
 +
Observe that wall does not show any charges.
 +
 +
This is because wall has uniform distribution of charges.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the buttons on the left of the number line.
+
|| Point to the icons.
−
|| Using these buttons we can add or remove money from the account.
+
|| Explore the icons given at the bottom right of the simulation.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| '''Slide Number 8'''
  
−
We can also drag the objects on the number line.  
+
'''Assignment'''
 +
|| Pause the tutorial and do this assignment.
  
  
 +
Explain why:
 +
# A charged balloon is repelled by another charged balloon?
 +
# A copper rod cannot be charged by rubbing?
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the toggle switch.
+
|| Move to the '''Downloads''' folder.
−
|| The toggle switch on the right, allows us to represent one or two accounts.
+
|| Now let us explore the '''Charges and Fields''' simulation.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click the add money button for object 1.
+
|| Right-click on '''charges-and-fields_en.html file'''.
−
||  Let us deposit 5 dollars in the first bank account.
+
  
 +
Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser'''.
 +
|| Open the '''charges-and-fields_en.html ''' file in a web browser.
  
−
The object gets bigger and moves 5 places to the right on the number line.  
+
|-
 +
|| Point to the interface.
 +
|| This is the interface of '''Charges and Fields''' simulation.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to the toolbox.
  
 +
Point to '''1 nC''' positive charge,  '''1 nC''' negative charge and '''Sensors'''.
  
−
|-
+
'''1 nanocoulomb''' is equal to 1 x 10<sup>-9</sup> coulombs.
−
|| Click the remove money button for object 2
+
|| At the bottom of the interface, we see a toolbox.
−
||  Let us withdraw 3 dollars from the second bank account.
+
  
  
−
The object gets smaller and moves 3 places to the left on the number line.
+
It contains '''1 nC ''' positive charge, '''1 nC ''' negative charge and '''Sensors'''.
  
  
 +
Here 1 nC is '''1 nanocoulomb''' is equal to 1 x 10<sup>-9</sup> coulombs.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide number 7'''
+
|| Drag and place '''+1 nC''' charge in space.
 +
|| Let us drag and place 1 '''nC''' positive charge in space.
  
−
'''Transactions table'''
+
|-
−
||  Now, let us perform the following transactions in the simulation.  
+
|| Point to '''+1 nC''' charge.
  
 +
Move the cursor over the electric field.
 +
|| The charge is pinned to where it is placed.
  
−
They represent weekly activities of two different people.
 
  
 +
Observe that, an electric field is set up around it.
  
−
(Note: See table 1)
 
  
 +
The electric field is displayed using an array of outward arrows.
  
−
 
−
|-
 
−
|| Point to the number line.
 
−
||  This is the result of the transactions.
 
−
|-
 
−
|| Check the '''Absolute Value''' check box.
 
−
||  Now check the '''Absolute Value''' check box.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the bank account 1.
+
|| Drag and place '''-1 nC''' charge in space.
−
||  Bank account 1 has a balance of 30 dollars.
+
  
−
It has moved further right from the origin.
+
Move the cursor over the electric field.
−
 
+
|| Let’s add a negative charge to the field.  
−
Its relative position from the origin is plus 30.
+
  
  
 +
The field lines align themselves for the newly added charge.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the bank account 1.
+
|| Drag the '''-1 nC''' charge in the field.
−
|| Bank account 2 is in debt of 17 dollars.  
+
|| Let us move the negative charge around the field.
 +
 
  
−
It has moved further left from the origin.
+
The lines of force align as the charge moves.
  
−
Its relative position from the origin is -17.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line.
+
|| Point to all the check boxes.
−
|| The total difference between the two accounts is 30-(-17) which is 47 dollars.  
+
|| On the right side, we have a toolbox with check boxes.
  
  
−
This is represented on the number line.
+
By default, '''Electric Field''' checkbox is checked.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Click to select '''Direction only''' checkbox.
 +
|| Let’s select the '''Direction only''' check box.
  
 +
The direction arrows are now seen clearly.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the comparison statement.
+
|| Drag and place four sensors in various locations.
  
−
Point to the two bank accounts.
+
Point the sensors.
−
|| The comparison statement shows that -17 is less than 30.
+
|| Let’s drag and place four sensors in different locations.
  
 +
The sensors detect the precise magnitude and direction of the electric field at that location.
  
−
Users can change the values in the two bank accounts and check the differences.
 
  
 +
Users may place as many sensors as they like.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Click the orange coloured '''Reset''' button at the bottom right.
 +
|| Let us reset the simulation using the '''Reset ''' button.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on the third scenario.
+
|| Drag and place a positive charge and a negative charge in space.
−
|| Let us select the third scenario.  
+
|| Let’s now place a positive charge and a negative charge in space.
  
  
 +
The electric field is set up for both the charges.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line.
+
|| Drag and place a new positive charge on the negative charge.
−
||  This vertical number line represents the temperature of different locations.  
+
  
 +
Move to adjust.
 +
|| Let’s place a new positive charge on the negative charge to overlap it completely.
  
−
We can view this in the ''''Fahrenheit''' or '''Celsius''' scale.
+
Adjust it to exactly overlap it.
  
−
The ''''Fahrenheit''' scale is chosen by default.  
+
Observe that the electric field with respect to the charges has become zero.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Drag and place negative charge on the positive charge.
 +
|| Now place a negative charge on the positive charge.
  
 +
The interface looks completely black as the electric field has now become zero.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on ℃ radio button.  
+
|| Click the orange coloured Reset button at the bottom right.
−
| Let us choose the '''Celsius''' scale.  
+
|| Let us reset the simulation.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the drop down list.
+
|| Drag and place '''2 nC''' positive charges.
−
||  We can select the months of the year from the drop down on the right.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
Temperatures on the map will vary accordingly.  
+
  
 +
'''2 nC''' negative charges in space.
 +
|| Let us add 2 nC positive charges and 2 nC negative charges.
  
−
January is chosen by default.  
+
|-
 +
|| Click on Electric Field check box to uncheck.
 +
|| Let us un-check the '''Electric Field''' check box to show the interface clearly.
  
−
 
−
 
−
|-
 
−
|| Point to the '''Objects''' box.
 
−
||  Let us put the thermometers at different locations on the map.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Check the '''Absolute Value''' checkbox.
+
|| Click to select '''Voltage''' check box on the right.
−
||  Let us check the '''Absolute Value''' checkbox.  
+
  
 +
Point to the displayed electrostatic potential.
  
−
It will show us the temperature purely in terms of its magnitude.  
+
|| Select the '''Voltage''' check box from the toolbox.
  
  
 +
The electrostatic potential for the charges is displayed.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Location A'''.
 
−
||  The temperature of location A is 24 degrees above 0.
 
−
 
−
This is represented as 24 degrees Celsius on the number line.
 
  
 +
|| Point to the voltage colours.
 +
|| Positive voltages are shown in red colour.
  
 +
Negative voltages are shown in blue colour.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Location B'''.
+
|| Drag and place the sensors.
−
|| The temperature of location B is 19 degrees above 0.
+
|| Now let’s place two sensors in the field.
−
 
+
−
This is represented as 19 degrees Celsius on the number line.  
+
−
 
+
  
 +
One near the positive charges and the other near the negative charges.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Location C'''.
+
|| Point to the charges.
−
|| The temperature of location C is 33 degrees below 0.
+
|| Now let us draw equipotential lines for the charges.
−
 
+
−
This is represented as -33 degrees Celsius on the number line.  
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the '''Comparison Statement'''.
+
|| Click the Equipotential tool.
−
||  This is also reflected in the comparison statement.  
+
|| Click the '''Equipotential''' tool and place it in the field.
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
-33 is less than 19 which is less than 24.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line.
+
|| Point to the probe, eraser and pencil.
−
||  Observe that temperatures above 0 degrees are represented as positive integers.  
+
  
  
−
And temperatures below 0 degrees are represented as negative integers.  
+
Point to the value.
 +
|| The equipotential tool has a probe, eraser and a pencil.
  
  
 +
The voltage value at a location is displayed as text in the tool.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide number 8'''
+
|| Click the pencil tool to draw the equipotential lines.
  
−
'''Temperature Comparison table'''
+
Click the '''Eraser''' tool to erase the line.
−
||  This table represents the temperatures of 3 different locations over 5 months.  
+
  
−
(Note: See table 2)
 
  
 +
|| Click the pencil tool to draw the equipotential line.
  
−
It indicates the change in the climatic conditions in various parts of the world.
 
  
 +
Click the '''Eraser''' tool to erase the line.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Point to the positive charges.
 +
|| Let us now draw equipotential lines around the positive charges.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on '''Generic''' screen.
+
|| Place the tool near the positive charges >> click on the pencil tool.
−
||  Now click on the '''Generic''' screen.
+
  
  
−
The Generic screen has some new tools.  
+
Place the tool near the positive charges >> click on the pencil tool.
  
 +
Point to the lines.
  
 +
|| Place the tool near the positive charges and click the pencil tool.
  
−
|-
+
Similarly, draw some more lines by changing the position of the tool.
−
|| Point to the '''Scale'''.
+
−
||  From this list, we can select the '''scale''' of the number line.  
+
  
  
−
-10 to 10 is chosen by default.
+
We can see that a set of lines have been drawn around the positive charges.
−
 
+
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Select the Values checkbox.
 +
|| Click the '''Values '''check box to see the potential values at various locations.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line representations.
+
|| Point to different lines.
−
||  We can choose between a '''horizontal''' or '''vertical ''' representation of the number line.  
+
  
 +
Move the tool slowly along the equipotential line.
  
−
'''Horizontal''' is chosen by default.
+
|| The potential is different for different lines.
−
 
+
  
 +
It is same all along the equipotential line.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to top right check boxes.
+
|| Drag and place the equipotential tool near negative charges.
−
||  On the top right, we have the following check boxes.  
+
  
 +
Click on the pencil tool.
 +
|| Similarly, let us draw some '''equipotential''' lines for the negative charges.
  
−
'''Labels''', '''Tick Marks''', '''Opposite''', and '''Absolute Value'''.
+
|-
 +
|| Point to the '''equipotential''' lines.
 +
|| Observe the voltages for all the '''equipotential''' lines for negative charges.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Click the '''Eraser''' tool to erase the lines.
 +
|| Now click the '''Eraser''' tool to erase all the lines.
  
−
We can use these check boxes to show and hide the details.  
+
|-
 +
|| Point to the values of the sensors.
 +
|| Notice that sensors show values of magnitude and direction of the charges.
  
 +
|-
 +
|| Click the Grid check box.
 +
|| Let us now show the grid.
  
 +
Let’s drag and place the charges on the same horizontal lines of the grid.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the number line
+
|| Click the Electric Field check box to check it.
−
||  Explore the '''Generic''' screen to understand the number line concepts generally.  
+
  
  
 +
Point to field lines.
 +
|| Let us check the '''Electric Field''' check box to show it.
  
−
|-
 
−
||
 
−
||  With this, we have come to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarise.
 
−
|-
 
−
|| '''Slide number 9'''
 
−
 
−
'''Summary'''
 
−
||  In this tutorial, we have learnt how to:
 
−
* Use integers to represent quantities in multiple contexts
 
−
* Compare integers on the number line
 
−
* Change the relative positions of integers on the number line
 
  
 +
This shows a perfect alignment of the charges on the grid.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide number 10'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 9'''
  
 
'''Assignment'''
 
'''Assignment'''
−
|| As an assignment,  
+
|| As an assignment,
  
 +
*Draw an '''equipotential''' line between two opposite charges where the '''voltage''' is zero (0.0 V).
 +
*Explain why the potential on this line is zero?
  
−
* Make a comparison table for 2 bank accounts.
+
|-
−
* Consider all transactions including salary, loan payment and other expenses.
+
−
 
+
  
 +
|| Only Narration.
 +
|| With this, we come to the end of this tutorial.
  
 +
Let us summarize.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 11'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 10'''
  
−
'''Assignment'''
+
'''Summary'''
 +
|| In this tutorial, we have learnt to,
 +
* Transfer charges to an object
 +
* Show the attraction and repulsion between the charged objects
 +
* Arrange the charges and predict the electric field
  
  
 +
|-
  
−
|| Here is another assignment for you.
+
|| '''Slide Number 11'''
  
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
||
 +
* Measure the voltage at various locations
 +
* Draw equipotential lines.
  
−
# Arrange the numbers in ascending order, –11, 8, -6, -2, 2, 5.
+
|-
 +
|| '''Slide Number 12'''
  
−
# Complete the missing numbers in the number line: __, -8, __, 8, __, 24, __, 40.
+
'''About the Spoken Tutorial Project'''
  
−
# Complete the following pattern using the number line: -14, -9, -4, 1, 6, __, __, __, __
+
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.  
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
|| '''Slide Number 12'''
+
−
 
+
−
'''About the Spoken Tutorial project'''
+
−
|| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.  
+
  
 
Please download and watch it.  
 
Please download and watch it.  
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 13'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 13 '''
  
−
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
+
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''  
−
|| The Spoken Tutorial Project team:  
+
|| The Spoken Tutorial Project team:  
  
−
conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and  
+
* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and  
−
 
+
* gives certificates on passing online tests.  
−
gives certificates on passing online tests.  
+
  
 
For more details, please write to us.  
 
For more details, please write to us.  
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 14'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 14'''  
−
 
+
−
'''Forum for specific questions'''
+
  
 +
'''Forum for specific questions: '''
  
 
Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?  
 
Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?  
−
 
  
 
Please visit this site.  
 
Please visit this site.  
−
 
  
 
Choose the minute and second where you have the question.  
 
Choose the minute and second where you have the question.  
−
 
  
 
Explain your question briefly.  
 
Explain your question briefly.  
−
 
  
 
The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer.
 
The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer.
−
 
  
 
You will have to register to ask questions.
 
You will have to register to ask questions.
  
 +
|| Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?
  
 +
Please visit this site.
  
−
||  Please post your timed queries in this forum.
+
Choose the minute and second where you have the question.  
−
|-
+
−
|| '''Slide number 15'''
+
  
−
'''Acknowledgment'''
+
Explain your question briefly.
  
 +
The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer.
  
 +
You will have to register on this website to ask questions.
 +
|-
 +
|| '''Slide Number 15'''
  
−
||  The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education, Government of India.
 
  
 +
'''Acknowledgment'''
  
  
 +
|| The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education, Govt. of India.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide number 16'''
+
||  
−
 
+
|| This is Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay signing off.
−
'''Thank you'''
+
−
|| This is Radhika Yadav, a FOSSEE summer fellow 2022, IIT Bombay signing off.  
+
−
 
+
  
−
Thanks for joining.  
+
Thank you for watching.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 14:39, 23 January 2023

Title of script: Static Electricity, Charges and Fields


Keywords: PhET simulation, charges, static electricity, balloons, voltage, electric field, nano coulomb, equipotential lines, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.


Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1

Title Slide

Welcome to this Spoken tutorial on Static Electricity and Charges.
Slide Number 2


Learning Objectives

In this tutorial we will learn to,
  • Transfer charges to an object
  • Show the attraction and repulsion between the charged objects
  • Arrange the charges and predict the electric field.
Slide Number 3


Learning Objectives

  • Measure the voltage at various locations.
  • Draw equipotential lines.
Slide Number 4

System Requirements

This tutorial is recorded using,
  • Ubuntu Linux OS version 18.04
  • Firefox Web Browser version 98.0.2.
Slide Number 5

Pre-requisites


https://spoken-tutorial.org

To follow this tutorial,

Learners should be familiar with topics in basic science.


Please use the link below to access the tutorials on PhET Simulations.

Slide Number 6

Links for PhET simulations


https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/balloons-and-static-electricity

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/charges-and-fields


Please use the given links to download the PhET simulations.
Slide Number 7


PhET Simulations

In this tutorial we will use the following PhET simulations.

Balloons and Static Electricity and

Charges and Fields.

Point to the simulations in the Downloads folder.

Balloons and Static Electricity and

Charges and Fields simulations

I have already downloaded the simulations to my Downloads folder.
Point to Balloons and Static Electricity simulation. Let us begin with Balloons and Static Electricity simulation.
Right-click on balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html file.

Select Open With Firefox Web Browser option.

Point to the browser address.


To open the simulation, right-click on balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html file.

Select the option Open With Firefox Web Browser.

You can use your default browser to open the Html file.


The file opens in the browser.

Point to the simulation interface. This is the interface of the Balloons and Static Electricity simulation.
Point the positive and negative charges on the PhET sweater. Simulation has a PhET Sweater with uniform distribution of charges.
Point to the positive and negative charges. We may assume positive charges as protons and negative charges as electrons.
Point to the radio buttons. Below the Sweater, we have 3 radio buttons.


By default Show all charges radio button is selected.

Click on Show no charges radio button.

Point to the items.

Let’s click on Show no charges radio button.

Observe that charges from all the items are removed.

Point the Reset button at the bottom right. Let’s click the Reset button provided at the bottom to reset the simulation.
Point to the positive and negative charges on the yellow balloon. A yellow balloon with four pairs of charges is shown next to the sweater.
Point to the buttons at the bottom.

Point to the Reset Balloon button.

Two buttons to select the balloons are provided at the bottom.

Reset Balloon button returns the balloon to its neutral state.

Point to the positive and negative charges on the wall. A wall with uniform distribution of charges is on the extreme right of the interface.

This wall serves as a dielectric.

Point to the toggle button.

Click on the button.

At the bottom of the wall, a toggle button to Remove Wall and Add Wall is provided.

This button helps to add or remove the wall.

Drag the yellow balloon towards PhET sweater >> rub it on the sweater.


Let’s drag the yellow balloon towards the PhET sweater and rub it on the sweater.


On rubbing, negative charges, that is electrons, get accumulated on the balloon.

The positive charges do not move from their places.

Point to the balloon. The balloon now gets attracted to the sweater and moves towards it.
Drag the charged balloon to the wall.

Point to the charges.

Drag the charged balloon close to the wall.

The negative charges on the wall get repelled.

Click the Reset Balloon button. Let’s click the Reset Balloon button to make the balloon neutral.
Click on the two balloons button. Let’s click the two balloons button to add the balloons.
Rub the green balloon on the sweater.


Rub the yellow balloon to collect the remaining charges.

Rub the green balloon on the sweater to collect a few negative charges.


Now rub the yellow balloon to collect the remaining charges.


The two balloons accumulate negative charges from the sweater.


So they repel each other.

Drag the balloons to the wall. When we move the balloons towards the wall, we see charge separation.
Click the Remove Wall button.

Point to the balloons.

Now click the Remove Wall button.

The balloons get attracted to the sweater.

Click the Show charge differences radio button. Click the Show charge differences radio button.

Observe that pairs of positive and negative charge are removed from the balloons.

Only negative charges remain on them.

Click on Add Wall button.

Point to the wall.

Now click on Add Wall button.

Observe that wall does not show any charges.

This is because wall has uniform distribution of charges.

Point to the icons. Explore the icons given at the bottom right of the simulation.
Slide Number 8

Assignment

Pause the tutorial and do this assignment.


Explain why:

  1. A charged balloon is repelled by another charged balloon?
  2. A copper rod cannot be charged by rubbing?
Move to the Downloads folder. Now let us explore the Charges and Fields simulation.
Right-click on charges-and-fields_en.html file.

Select Open With Firefox Web Browser.

Open the charges-and-fields_en.html file in a web browser.
Point to the interface. This is the interface of Charges and Fields simulation.
Point to the toolbox.

Point to 1 nC positive charge, 1 nC negative charge and Sensors.

1 nanocoulomb is equal to 1 x 10-9 coulombs.

At the bottom of the interface, we see a toolbox.


It contains 1 nC positive charge, 1 nC negative charge and Sensors.


Here 1 nC is 1 nanocoulomb is equal to 1 x 10-9 coulombs.

Drag and place +1 nC charge in space. Let us drag and place 1 nC positive charge in space.
Point to +1 nC charge.

Move the cursor over the electric field.

The charge is pinned to where it is placed.


Observe that, an electric field is set up around it.


The electric field is displayed using an array of outward arrows.

Drag and place -1 nC charge in space.

Move the cursor over the electric field.

Let’s add a negative charge to the field.


The field lines align themselves for the newly added charge.

Drag the -1 nC charge in the field. Let us move the negative charge around the field.


The lines of force align as the charge moves.

Point to all the check boxes. On the right side, we have a toolbox with check boxes.


By default, Electric Field checkbox is checked.

Click to select Direction only checkbox. Let’s select the Direction only check box.

The direction arrows are now seen clearly.

Drag and place four sensors in various locations.

Point the sensors.

Let’s drag and place four sensors in different locations.

The sensors detect the precise magnitude and direction of the electric field at that location.


Users may place as many sensors as they like.

Click the orange coloured Reset button at the bottom right. Let us reset the simulation using the Reset button.
Drag and place a positive charge and a negative charge in space. Let’s now place a positive charge and a negative charge in space.


The electric field is set up for both the charges.

Drag and place a new positive charge on the negative charge.

Move to adjust.

Let’s place a new positive charge on the negative charge to overlap it completely.

Adjust it to exactly overlap it.

Observe that the electric field with respect to the charges has become zero.

Drag and place negative charge on the positive charge. Now place a negative charge on the positive charge.

The interface looks completely black as the electric field has now become zero.

Click the orange coloured Reset button at the bottom right. Let us reset the simulation.
Drag and place 2 nC positive charges.

2 nC negative charges in space.

Let us add 2 nC positive charges and 2 nC negative charges.
Click on Electric Field check box to uncheck. Let us un-check the Electric Field check box to show the interface clearly.
Click to select Voltage check box on the right.

Point to the displayed electrostatic potential.

Select the Voltage check box from the toolbox.


The electrostatic potential for the charges is displayed.

Point to the voltage colours. Positive voltages are shown in red colour.

Negative voltages are shown in blue colour.

Drag and place the sensors. Now let’s place two sensors in the field.

One near the positive charges and the other near the negative charges.

Point to the charges. Now let us draw equipotential lines for the charges.
Click the Equipotential tool. Click the Equipotential tool and place it in the field.
Point to the probe, eraser and pencil.


Point to the value.

The equipotential tool has a probe, eraser and a pencil.


The voltage value at a location is displayed as text in the tool.

Click the pencil tool to draw the equipotential lines.

Click the Eraser tool to erase the line.


Click the pencil tool to draw the equipotential line.


Click the Eraser tool to erase the line.

Point to the positive charges. Let us now draw equipotential lines around the positive charges.
Place the tool near the positive charges >> click on the pencil tool.


Place the tool near the positive charges >> click on the pencil tool.

Point to the lines.

Place the tool near the positive charges and click the pencil tool.

Similarly, draw some more lines by changing the position of the tool.


We can see that a set of lines have been drawn around the positive charges.

Select the Values checkbox. Click the Values check box to see the potential values at various locations.
Point to different lines.

Move the tool slowly along the equipotential line.

The potential is different for different lines.

It is same all along the equipotential line.

Drag and place the equipotential tool near negative charges.

Click on the pencil tool.

Similarly, let us draw some equipotential lines for the negative charges.
Point to the equipotential lines. Observe the voltages for all the equipotential lines for negative charges.
Click the Eraser tool to erase the lines. Now click the Eraser tool to erase all the lines.
Point to the values of the sensors. Notice that sensors show values of magnitude and direction of the charges.
Click the Grid check box. Let us now show the grid.

Let’s drag and place the charges on the same horizontal lines of the grid.

Click the Electric Field check box to check it.


Point to field lines.

Let us check the Electric Field check box to show it.


This shows a perfect alignment of the charges on the grid.

Slide Number 9

Assignment

As an assignment,
  • Draw an equipotential line between two opposite charges where the voltage is zero (0.0 V).
  • Explain why the potential on this line is zero?
Only Narration. With this, we come to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

Slide Number 10

Summary

In this tutorial, we have learnt to,
  • Transfer charges to an object
  • Show the attraction and repulsion between the charged objects
  • Arrange the charges and predict the electric field


Slide Number 11

Summary

  • Measure the voltage at various locations
  • Draw equipotential lines.
Slide Number 12

About the Spoken Tutorial Project

The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

Slide Number 13

Spoken Tutorial workshops

The Spoken Tutorial Project team:
  • conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
  • gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

Slide Number 14

Forum for specific questions:

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site.

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly.

The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer.

You will have to register to ask questions.

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site.

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly.

The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer.

You will have to register on this website to ask questions.

Slide Number 15


Acknowledgment


The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education, Govt. of India.
This is Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay signing off.

Thank you for watching.

Contributors and Content Editors

Madhurig, Nancyvarkey

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