Difference between revisions of "ESim/C2/Simulating-an-Astable-Multivibrator/English"

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(Created page with "'''Simulating Astable Multivibrator''' '''Author: Saurabh Bansode ''' '''Keywords: video tutorial, eSim, EDA, schematic, simulation, Design, Spice models, ngspice, kicad, an...")
 
 
(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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{| style="border-spacing:0;width:14.155cm;"
+
{| border="1"
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Visual cue'''
+
| style="color:#000000;" | '''Visual cue'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Narration'''
+
| style="color:#000000;" | '''Narration'''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Show Slide:'''
+
||   '''Show Slide:'''
  
 
Opening Slide
 
Opening Slide
 
+
||   Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Simulating Astable Multivibrator '''in '''eSim'''.
 
+
 
+
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Simulating Astable Multivibrator '''in '''eSim'''.
+
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Show Slide:'''
+
||   '''Show Slide:'''
  
 
Learning Objectives
 
Learning Objectives
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In this tutorial, we will -
+
||   In this tutorial, we will -
 
+
 
+
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create and '''simulate''' an '''Astable Multivibrator'''.</div>
+
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Understand '''.cir '''and '''.cir dot out''' files.</div>
+
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Observe and understand the '''Ngspice terminal'''.</div>
+
  
 +
* Create and '''simulate''' an '''Astable Multivibrator'''.
 +
* Understand '''dot cir '''and '''dot cir dot out''' files.
 +
* Observe and understand the '''Ngspice terminal'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Show Slide:'''
+
||   '''Show Slide:'''
  
 
Systems Requirements
 
Systems Requirements
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | To record this tutorial, we will use-* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''Ubuntu Linux OS '''16.04 </div>
+
||   To record this tutorial, we will use-
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''eSim '''version 1.1.2</div>
+
* '''Ubuntu Linux OS '''16.04  
 
+
* '''eSim '''version 1.1.2
  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Show Slide:'''
+
||   '''Show Slide:'''
  
 
Prerequisites
 
Prerequisites
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | To practice this tutorial, basic knowledge of electronics is required.
+
||   To practice this tutorial, basic knowledge of electronics is required.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Show Slide:'''
+
||   '''Show Slide:'''
  
 
Circuit Diagram
 
Circuit Diagram
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Earlier, we learnt how to create a '''schematic''' for an''' RC circuit.'''
+
||   Earlier, we learnt how to create a '''schematic''' for an''' RC circuit.'''
  
  
Line 58: Line 53:
 
Watch me for the next one minute as I create this '''circuit''' in '''eSim'''.
 
Watch me for the next one minute as I create this '''circuit''' in '''eSim'''.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <<'''FAST-FORWARD'''>>
+
||   <<'''FAST-FORWARD'''>>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | A considerable part of this activity has been fast forwarded.  
+
||   A considerable part of this activity has been fast forwarded.  
  
 
+
|-
I am placing a few '''components''' and making a few connections.
+
||During the demo....
 +
||I am placing a few '''components''' and making a few connections.
  
  
Line 68: Line 64:
  
  
In case you do not know, please watch the prerequisite tutorials.
+
In case you do not know, please watch the prerequisite '''eSim''' tutorials.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Show Slide:'''
+
||   '''Show Slide:'''
  
 
Download Code File
 
Download Code File
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The partially made '''circuit schematic''' is available in the '''Code files link'''.
+
||   The partially made '''circuit schematic''' is available in the '''Code files link'''.
  
  
Pause the video to download and extract the code files on your '''Desktop.'''
+
Pause the video to download and extract the '''code files''' on your '''Desktop.'''
  
  
We will use the downloaded code file to practice the rest of the tutorial.
+
We will use the downloaded '''code file''' to practice the rest of the tutorial.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''eSim Main Window:'''
+
||   '''eSim Main Window:'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Launch '''eSim '''on your machine.
+
||   Launch '''eSim '''on your machine.
  
  
 
I have already opened '''eSim.'''
 
I have already opened '''eSim.'''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on''' Open Project '''>>Browse To '''Desktop''' >>click on '''AstableMultivibrator>>'''click on '''Open'''
+
||   Click on''' Open Project '''>>Browse To '''Desktop''' >>click on '''AstableMultivibrator>>'''click on '''Open'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on '''Open Project '''on the left toolbar.
+
||   Click on '''Open Project '''button on the left toolbar.
  
  
 +
Browse to the '''Desktop''' location and click on '''AstableMultivibrator.'''
  
  
Browse to '''Desktop''' and click on '''AstableMultivibrator.'''
+
Then click on the '''Open '''button.
 
+
 
+
Then click on the '''Open '''button'''.'''
+
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''eSim Main Window:'''
+
||   '''eSim Main Window:'''
  
 
Click on''' Open Schematic'''
 
Click on''' Open Schematic'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on the''' Open Schematic''' button on the left toolbar.  
+
||   Click on the''' Open Schematic''' button on the left toolbar.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Schematic Editor Window:'''
+
||   '''Schematic Editor Window:'''
  
 
Press F1 to zoom in.
 
Press F1 to zoom in.
  
 +
||  Press the '''F1 '''key to zoom into the '''schematic'''.
  
  
 +
If you have zoomed in or zoomed out too much, fit the '''schematic''' back to default.
  
 +
|-
 +
||Press '''Esc '''key >> click on '''View '''>> select '''Fit on Screen'''
  
  
 
+
||To do this, press the '''Esc''' key, and click on the '''View '''option on the top toolbar.
 
+
Press '''Esc '''key >> click on '''View '''>> select '''Fit on Screen'''
+
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Press the '''F1 '''key''' '''to zoom into the '''schematic'''.
+
 
+
 
+
If you have zoomed in or zoomed out too much, fit the '''schematic''' back to default.
+
 
+
 
+
To do this, press the '''Esc''' key, and click on the '''View '''option on the top left toolbar.
+
  
  
Line 128: Line 117:
  
 
It will fit the '''schematic''' back to its default resolution.
 
It will fit the '''schematic''' back to its default resolution.
 +
 +
I will zoom in again.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Point to the connections
+
||   Point to the connections
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Several connections are already made.
+
||   Several connections are already made.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |
+
||   '''eSim Schematic''' window:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Let us connect the remaining '''components'''.
+
|-
+
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''eSim Schematic Window:'''
+
  
 
Hover the mouse over the end points of''' eSim_LED '''and''' eSim_R '''present on the right hand side of the schematic.
 
Hover the mouse over the end points of''' eSim_LED '''and''' eSim_R '''present on the right hand side of the schematic.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The wires should be connected end-to-end for the '''components''', not external outlines.
+
||   The wires should be connected end-to-end for '''components''', and not external '''outlines'''.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | I will demonstrate a common mistake now.
+
||   I will demonstrate a common mistake now.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''eSim Schematic Editor:'''
+
||   '''eSim Schematic Editor:'''
  
 
Select the '''Place Wire''' tool from right toolbar.
 
Select the '''Place Wire''' tool from right toolbar.
Line 152: Line 140:
  
 
Drag cursor till the horizontal line of the '''eSim_LED'''
 
Drag cursor till the horizontal line of the '''eSim_LED'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||   Select the '''Place Wire''' tool.
 
+
Select the Place Wire tool from right toolbar.
+
 
+
 
+
 
+
 
+
I have clicked on one end of '''eSim_R'''.
+
  
  
 +
I have clicked on one end of '''eSim underscore R'''.
  
  
I will drag it to the exterior outline of the '''eSim_LED''' and double click to end the wire.
+
I will drag it to the exterior outline of the '''eSim underscore LED''' and double-click.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''eSim Schematic Editor:'''
+
||   '''eSim Schematic Editor:'''
  
 
Zoom and point to the empty square block.
 
Zoom and point to the empty square block.
Line 172: Line 154:
  
 
Press '''Ctrl+Z'''
 
Press '''Ctrl+Z'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The empty green box shows that the connection is not proper.
+
||   The empty green box shows that the connection is not proper.
 
+
 
+
  
  
 
Press '''Ctrl''' and '''Z''' keys simultaneously to undo the changes just made.
 
Press '''Ctrl''' and '''Z''' keys simultaneously to undo the changes just made.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Let us properly connect the '''eSim_LED''' present on the right side of the '''schematic'''.
+
||   Let us properly connect the '''eSim_LED''' present on the right side of the '''schematic'''.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Schematic Editor Window:'''
+
||   '''Schematic Editor Window:'''
  
 
Click on '''Place Wire''':
 
Click on '''Place Wire''':
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on '''Place Wire '''tool on the right toolbar.
+
||   Click on '''Place Wire '''tool on the right toolbar.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on unconnected node of the '''resistor'''
+
||   Click on unconnected node of the '''resistor'''
  
 
>>
 
>>
  
 
Drag cursor till the''' Node 1''' of '''eSim_LED'''>>
 
Drag cursor till the''' Node 1''' of '''eSim_LED'''>>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on the unconnected node of the '''resistor'''.
+
||   Click on the unconnected '''node''' of the '''resistor'''.
  
Then drag the cursor till '''node 1''' of '''eSim_LED'''
+
Then drag the cursor till '''node 1''' of '''eSim underscore LED'''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | click once on the '''eSim_R''' node
+
||   Click once on the '''eSim_R''' node
 
+
 
+
 
+
  
 
Press '''Esc''' key
 
Press '''Esc''' key
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click once on the''' eSim_LED node '''to place the wire.
+
||   Click once on the''' eSim underscore LED node '''to place the wire.
  
 
Press '''Esc''' key.
 
Press '''Esc''' key.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Schematic Editor Window:'''
+
||   '''Schematic Editor Window:'''
  
 
Click on '''Place Wire''':
 
Click on '''Place Wire''':
Line 213: Line 190:
  
 
>> Drag the cursor till the wire connecting adjacent '''transistor '''and '''capacitor'''>>Click once on the existing wire >> press the '''Esc''' key
 
>> Drag the cursor till the wire connecting adjacent '''transistor '''and '''capacitor'''>>Click once on the existing wire >> press the '''Esc''' key
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Select the '''Place Wire''' tool and click on the''' node 2''' of '''eSim_LED'''.
+
||   Select the '''Place Wire''' tool and click on the''' node 2''' of '''eSim underscore LED'''.
  
 
Drag the cursor till the wire connecting the adjacent '''transistor''' and '''capacitor'''.
 
Drag the cursor till the wire connecting the adjacent '''transistor''' and '''capacitor'''.
 
 
  
  
Line 224: Line 199:
 
Now press the '''Esc''' key.
 
Now press the '''Esc''' key.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Schematic''' '''Editor''':
+
||   '''Schematic''' '''Editor''':
  
 
Zoom into the '''junction''' and hover the mouse over it.
 
Zoom into the '''junction''' and hover the mouse over it.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | If the wires are placed properly, you will see a green dot where the wires intersect.
+
||   If the wires are placed properly, you will see a green dot where the wires intersect.
  
 
This is called a '''junction'''.
 
This is called a '''junction'''.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Schematic''' '''Editor''':
+
||   '''Schematic Editor''':
  
 
Right click on''' plot_v1'''
 
Right click on''' plot_v1'''
  
'''>>'''Select '''Copy Component '''>>
+
'''>>'''Select '''Copy Component '''>>Click once on the editor.
 +
||  Right-click on''' plot underscore v1 '''and select the''' Copy component''' option.
  
Click once on the editor.
+
'''plot underscore v1 '''will be tied to the cursor.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Right-click on''' plot_v1 '''and select the''' Copy component''' option'''. '''
+
 
+
'''Plot_v1 '''will be tied to the cursor.
+
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Drag the cursor near the '''LED '''on the right side>>click once to Place it next to the''' LED'''
+
||   Drag the cursor near the '''LED '''on the right side>>click once to Place it next to the''' LED'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Drag the cursor near the '''LED '''on the right side.
+
||   Drag the cursor near the '''LED '''on the right side.
  
Place it next to the''' LED '''by clicking once on the editor.
+
Place it next to the''' LED '''by clicking once on the '''editor'''.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Schematic Editor:'''
+
||   '''Schematic Editor:'''
  
 
Select '''Place Global Label''' option from the right toolbar >>click once on editor>>
 
Select '''Place Global Label''' option from the right toolbar >>click once on editor>>
  
 
Enter '''LED2'''>>Click '''OK'''>>
 
Enter '''LED2'''>>Click '''OK'''>>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on '''Place Global Label''' on the right toolbar to place a global label.
+
||   Click on '''Place Global Label''' on the right toolbar, to place a '''global label'''.
  
Click once on the editor.
+
Click once on the '''editor''' screen.
  
 
Type the text '''LED2 '''and click on''' OK.'''
 
Type the text '''LED2 '''and click on''' OK.'''
Line 260: Line 233:
 
'''LED2 global label '''will be tied to the cursor.
 
'''LED2 global label '''will be tied to the cursor.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click once near the''' LED'''.
+
||   Click once near the''' LED'''.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Place the '''LED2 global label''' near the''' LED '''on the right side by clicking on the editor once.
+
||   Place the '''LED2 global label''' near the''' LED '''on the right side, by clicking once on the '''editor''' once.
  
'''Rotate''' the '''Global label''' if required.
+
Rotate the '''global label''' if required.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Schematic Editor:'''
+
||   '''Schematic Editor:'''
  
 
Right click on '''eSim_CP1'''>>
 
Right click on '''eSim_CP1'''>>
Line 276: Line 249:
  
 
'''>>'''Click on''' OK'''
 
'''>>'''Click on''' OK'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Right-click on '''eSim_CP1'''.
+
||   Right-click on '''eSim_CP1'''.
  
  
Line 282: Line 255:
  
  
Erase the value '''eSim_CP1 '''using '''Backspace''' key and type''' 22u.'''
+
Erase the value '''eSim underscore CP1 '''using '''Backspace''' key and type''' 22u.'''
  
  
Line 288: Line 261:
  
  
Note that we are using polarised '''capacitor'''.
+
Note that we are using '''polarised capacitor'''.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Schematic Editor:'''
+
||   '''Schematic Editor:'''
  
 
Place cursor on '''eSim_R'''>>
 
Place cursor on '''eSim_R'''>>
Line 299: Line 272:
  
 
Click on '''OK'''
 
Click on '''OK'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Right-click on '''eSim_R'''.
+
||   Right-click on '''eSim underscore R'''.
  
  
Place the cursor on '''Edit Component''', and select the '''value''' option.
+
Place the cursor on '''Edit Component''', and select the '''Value''' option.
  
  
Erase the value '''eSim_R '''using '''Backspace''' key and type''' 1k.'''
+
Erase the value '''eSim underscore R '''using '''Backspace''' key and type''' 1k.'''
  
  
 
Click on '''OK.'''
 
Click on '''OK.'''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Schematic Editor:'''
+
|| '''Schematic Editor:'''
  
 
Hover mouse over''' DC''' source  
 
Hover mouse over''' DC''' source  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We will assign a value to the''' DC source''' later.
+
|| We will assign a value to the''' DC source''' later.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Schematic Editor:'''
+
||   '''Schematic Editor:'''
  
 
'''Select Place wire tool>> Click on plot_v1, drag till junction>>click once>>click once on LED2>>drag till junction and click once'''
 
'''Select Place wire tool>> Click on plot_v1, drag till junction>>click once>>click once on LED2>>drag till junction and click once'''
 +
|| Connect '''plot_v1 '''and '''LED2 global label '''to the '''junction''' as shown.
  
 
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Connect '''plot_v1 '''and '''LED2 global label '''to the junction as shown.
 
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Schematic Editor:'''
+
||Press '''Ctrl''' and '''S''' keys simultaneously
 +
||Press '''Ctrl''' and '''S''' keys simultaneously to save the work.
 +
|-
 +
|| '''Schematic Editor:'''
  
 
Click on '''Annotate Schematic'''>>
 
Click on '''Annotate Schematic'''>>
  
Click on '''Annotate''' >> Click '''OK>> '''Press '''Ctrl''' and '''S''' '''keys''' simultaneously
+
Click on '''Annotate''' >> Click '''OK>> '''Press '''Ctrl''' and '''S''' keys simultaneously
 +
||  Click on '''Annotate Schematic''' tool on the top toolbar.
  
  
 +
Click on '''Annotate''' option, and then on '''OK'''.
  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on '''Annotate Schematic''' tool on the top toolbar.
+
Press '''Ctrl''' and '''S''' keys simultaneously to save the work.
 
+
 
+
Click on '''Annotate''' option, and then on '''OK'''.
+
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Schematic Editor:'''
+
||   '''Schematic Editor:'''
  
 
Click on''' Perform electrical Rules check >>'''Click on''' Run'''
 
Click on''' Perform electrical Rules check >>'''Click on''' Run'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on''' Perform electrical Rules check '''on the top toolbar.
+
||   Click on''' Perform electrical rules check '''on the top toolbar.
  
  
Then click on '''Run.'''
+
Click on '''Run.'''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''ERC Window:'''
+
||   '''ERC Window:'''
  
 
Click''' Delete markers>>'''
 
Click''' Delete markers>>'''
  
 
Click''' Close'''
 
Click''' Close'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We can see three warnings regarding '''Global label''', which can be ignored.
+
||   We can see three warnings regarding '''global label''', which can be ignored.
  
  
Click on '''Delete Markers''' and click on '''Close.'''
+
Click on '''Delete Markers''' and then click on '''Close.'''
 
+
 
+
Press '''Ctrl''' and '''S''' keys simultaneously to save the work.
+
  
  
More information on '''ERC''' errors is given in the '''Additional Reading Material '''of this tutorial.
+
More information on '''ERC errors''' is given in the '''Additional Reading Material '''of this tutorial.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Schematic Editor WIndow:'''
+
||   '''Schematic Editor WIndow:'''
  
 
Click '''Generate netlist''' >>
 
Click '''Generate netlist''' >>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on '''Generate Netlist''' on the top toolbar.
+
||   Click on '''Generate Netlist''' on the top toolbar.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Generate Netlist WIndow:'''
+
||   '''Generate Netlist WIndow:'''
  
 
'''spice''' tab >> check '''Default''' >> click on '''Generate '''>> Click''' Save.'''
 
'''spice''' tab >> check '''Default''' >> click on '''Generate '''>> Click''' Save.'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on '''Spice''' tab, and check the '''Default Format''' option.
+
||   Click on '''Spice''' tab, and check the '''Default Format''' option.
  
  
 
Then click on '''Generate''' option, and click on '''Save'''.
 
Then click on '''Generate''' option, and click on '''Save'''.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now I will switch back to''' eSim '''main window.
+
||   Now I will switch back to''' eSim '''main window.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''eSim Main window:'''
+
||   '''eSim Main window:'''
  
Double click''' '''on''' AstableMultivibrator>>'''
+
Double click on''' AstableMultivibrator>>'''
  
 
Click on''' KicadtoNgspice'''
 
Click on''' KicadtoNgspice'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Double-click on '''AstableMultivibrator.'''
+
||   Double-click on '''AstableMultivibrator.'''
  
  
Click on''' Convert kicad to ngspice convertor.'''
+
Click on''' Convert Kicad to Ngspice convertor.'''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Kicad to Ngspice Converter:'''
+
||   '''Kicad to Ngspice Converter:'''
  
 
'''Analysis Tab'''
 
'''Analysis Tab'''
Line 393: Line 363:
  
  
<div style="color:#3c4043;">Highlight the values entered.</div>
+
Highlight the values entered.
  
 
'''Start Time 0'''
 
'''Start Time 0'''
  
'''Step Time''' '''10 milliseconds'''
+
'''Step Time 10 milliseconds'''
  
 
'''Stop Time 12'''
 
'''Stop Time 12'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Type the values for '''transient''' parameters as shown.
+
||   Type the values for '''transient parameters''' as shown.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Kicad to ngspice convertor '''
+
||   '''Kicad to ngspice convertor '''window: '''Click on '''source details''' tab
 
+
||   Click on the '''Source details''' tab.
'''Window: '''Click on '''source details''' tab
+
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on '''source details''' tab.
+
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Kicad to ngspice convertor '''
+
||   '''Kicad to ngspice convertor '''
  
 
'''Window:'''
 
'''Window:'''
  
 
'''Source Details Tab'''
 
'''Source Details Tab'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Type the value of '''DC source''' as '''9'''.
+
||   Type the value of '''DC source''' as '''9'''.
  
  
You should enter only numeric values of voltages.
+
You should enter only numeric values of '''voltages'''.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Kicad to Ngspice Converter:'''
+
||   '''Kicad to Ngspice Converter:'''
  
 
'''Device Modeling''' tab:
 
'''Device Modeling''' tab:
Line 423: Line 391:
  
 
Click on '''Add''' >> Double click on '''Diode''' folder >> select '''LED.lib '''>> click on '''Open'''
 
Click on '''Add''' >> Double click on '''Diode''' folder >> select '''LED.lib '''>> click on '''Open'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on '''Device Modeling '''tab'''.'''
+
||   Click on '''Device Modeling '''tab.
  
  
Click on the '''Add''' button under '''d1:esim_led.'''
+
Click on the '''Add''' button under '''d1:esim underscore led.'''
  
  
Double-click on '''Diode''' folder, select '''LED.lib''' file and click on the '''Open''' Button.
+
Double-click on '''Diode''' folder, select '''LED.lib''' file and click on the '''Open''' button.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Similarly add the '''library files''' for '''d2:esim_led'''
+
||   Similarly add the '''library files''' for '''d2:esim underscore led'''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Kicad to Ngspice Converter:'''
+
||   '''Kicad to Ngspice Converter:'''
  
 
'''Device Modeling tab:'''
 
'''Device Modeling tab:'''
  
 
Click on '''Add''' >> Double click on '''Transistor''' folder >> select '''BC547B.lib''' >> click on '''Open'''
 
Click on '''Add''' >> Double click on '''Transistor''' folder >> select '''BC547B.lib''' >> click on '''Open'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on the '''Add''' button under '''q1:esim_npn.'''
+
||   Click on the '''Add''' button under '''q1:esim underscore npn.'''
  
  
 
Double-click on '''Transistor''' folder, select '''BC547B.lib''' and click on the '''Open''' button.
 
Double-click on '''Transistor''' folder, select '''BC547B.lib''' and click on the '''Open''' button.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Similarly add the library files for '''q2:esim_npn'''
+
||   Similarly add the '''library files''' for '''q2:esim_npn'''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Kicad to Ngspice Converter:'''
+
||   '''Kicad to Ngspice Converter:'''
  
 
'''Device Modeling '''tab:
 
'''Device Modeling '''tab:
  
 
Click on '''Convert '''>> Click''' OK'''
 
Click on '''Convert '''>> Click''' OK'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now press the '''Convert '''button to convert''' '''the''' KiCad netlist '''to''' Ngspice netlist.'''
+
||   Now press the '''Convert '''button to convert the''' KiCad netlist '''to''' Ngspice netlist.'''
  
  
 
A confirmation dialog box appears, click on '''OK.'''
 
A confirmation dialog box appears, click on '''OK.'''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''eSim Main Window:'''
+
||   '''eSim Main Window:'''
  
 
Click on '''Simulation.'''
 
Click on '''Simulation.'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on '''simulation '''on the '''eSim '''toolbar to simulate the '''example.'''
+
||   Click on '''Simulation '''button on the '''eSim '''toolbar to simulate the example.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Ngspice Terminal:'''
+
||   '''Ngspice Terminal:'''
  
  
 
Highlight the '''LED1''' node and its voltage value.
 
Highlight the '''LED1''' node and its voltage value.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Ngspice terminal '''and '''plot '''windows open along with a '''python plot''' window.
+
||   '''Ngspice terminal '''and '''plot '''windows open along with a '''Python plot''' window.
  
  
'''Ngspice terminal''' shows the values of the voltages at the '''nodes'''.
+
'''Ngspice terminal''' shows the values of the '''voltages''' at the '''nodes'''.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
 
+
 
+
 
+
  
  
 
Type '''plot v(LED1)+v(LED2)''' >> press '''Enter'''.
 
Type '''plot v(LED1)+v(LED2)''' >> press '''Enter'''.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Ngspice commands''' can be entered to see plots in this '''terminal'''.
+
||   '''Ngspice commands''' can be entered to see plots in this '''terminal'''.
  
  
Type the following text in the '''ngspice terminal''' as shown and press the '''Enter''' key.
+
Type the following text in the '''Ngspice terminal''' and press the '''Enter''' key.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Hover the mouse over '''LED1+LED2 '''voltage plots.
+
||   Hover the mouse over '''LED1+LED2 '''voltage plots.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We can see the voltage at '''nodes LED1 '''and''' LED2 '''combined in a single plot'''.'''
+
||   We can see the '''voltage''' at '''nodes LED1 '''and''' LED2 '''combined in a single plot.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Any error will be displayed on the''' terminal''' or the value will be replaced with a question mark.
+
||   Any error will be displayed on the''' Ngspice terminal''' or the value will be replaced with a question mark.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | I will switch to Python Plot window now.
+
||   I will switch to '''Python Plot''' window.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Python Plot Window:'''
+
|| '''Python Plot Window:'''
  
 
Click on '''LED1, LED2 '''and''' IN.'''
 
Click on '''LED1, LED2 '''and''' IN.'''
  
 
'''>>'''Click on '''plot.'''
 
'''>>'''Click on '''plot.'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on''' LED1, LED2 '''and''' IN '''checkboxes in the '''python plot''' window.
+
|| Click on''' LED1, LED2 '''and''' IN '''check-boxes in the '''Python plot''' window.
  
  
Scroll down and click on '''plot''' button.
+
Scroll down and click on the '''Plot''' button.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | If '''analysis time''' parameters are not set properly, '''Python Plotting''' error will be generated.
+
|| If '''analysis time parameters''' are not set properly, '''Python Plotting''' error will be generated.
  
  
For this particular '''circuit, step''' time is in milliseconds.
+
For this particular '''circuit, step time''' is in '''milliseconds'''.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''eSim Main Window:'''
+
||   '''eSim Main Window:'''
  
  
 
Right click on '''AstableMultivibrator'''>> select the '''refresh''' option>>Double-click on '''AstableMultivibrator.cir '''
 
Right click on '''AstableMultivibrator'''>> select the '''refresh''' option>>Double-click on '''AstableMultivibrator.cir '''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Right click on '''AstableMultivibrator''' and select the '''refresh''' option
+
||   Right-click on '''AstableMultivibrator''' and select the '''Refresh''' option.
  
  
The '''.cir''' file shows the '''netist '''file of the '''schematic'''.  
+
The '''dot cir''' file shows the '''netist '''file of the '''schematic'''.  
  
  
It contains the information about the '''node''' connection and values of '''components'''.
+
It contains the information about the '''node''' connections and values of '''components'''.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''eSim Main Window:'''
+
|| '''eSim Main Window:'''
  
 
Double click on '''AstableMultivibrator.cir.out'''  
 
Double click on '''AstableMultivibrator.cir.out'''  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
Highlight the '''.tran 10e-03 12e-00 0e-00''' text
 
Highlight the '''.tran 10e-03 12e-00 0e-00''' text
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The '''cir.out''' file is passed to '''ngspice''' for running '''simulations'''.
+
|| The '''cir dot out''' file is passed to '''ngspice''' for running '''simulations'''.
  
  
It contains information about the '''device and subcircuit models''' used in the''' KiCad to Ngspice '''conversion tool.  
+
It contains information about the '''device''' and '''subcircuit models''' used in the''' KiCad to Ngspice '''conversion tool.  
  
  
It also contains the '''analysis time''' parameters.
+
It also contains the '''analysis time parameters'''.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Let us summarize.
+
|| Let us summarize.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Show Slide: '''
+
|| '''Show Slide: '''
  
 
Summary
 
Summary
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In this tutorial, we learnt to-* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create and '''simulate''' an '''Astable Multivibrator.'''</div>
+
||In this tutorial, we learnt to-
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Understand '''.cir '''and .'''cir dot out''' files.</div>
+
* Create and '''simulate''' an '''Astable Multivibrator.'''
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Observe and understand the '''Ngspice terminal'''.</div>
+
* Understand '''dot cir '''and '''dot cir dot out''' files.
 +
* Observe and understand the '''Ngspice terminal'''.
  
 
+
|-
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
+
||'''Show Slide:'''
|| '''Show Slide:'''
+
  
 
'''Forum'''
 
'''Forum'''
 
|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.  
 
|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.  
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
+
|-  
 
|| '''Show Slide:'''
 
|| '''Show Slide:'''
  
 
'''FOSSEE Forum'''
 
'''FOSSEE Forum'''
 
|| Please post your general queries on '''eSim''' in this forum.
 
|| Please post your general queries on '''eSim''' in this forum.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
+
|-  
 
|| '''Show Slide:'''
 
|| '''Show Slide:'''
  
 
'''Lab Migration'''
 
'''Lab Migration'''
 
|| '''FOSSEE''' team coordinates the '''Lab Migration''' project.
 
|| '''FOSSEE''' team coordinates the '''Lab Migration''' project.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
+
|-  
 
|| '''Show Slide:'''
 
|| '''Show Slide:'''
  
 
'''Circuit Simulation Project'''
 
'''Circuit Simulation Project'''
|| '''FOSSEE''' team coordinates the '''Circuit Simulation Project'''.
+
||'''FOSSEE''' team coordinates the '''Circuit Simulation''' project.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Show Slide:'''
+
||'''Show Slide:'''
  
 
Acknowledgment
 
Acknowledgment
Line 578: Line 538:
  
 
https://spoken-tutorial.org
 
https://spoken-tutorial.org
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India.
+
||Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India.
  
  
 
For more details, visit this website.
 
For more details, visit this website.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
  
 
Previous slide
 
Previous slide
 
+
||This is Saurabh from IIT Bombay, signing off.
 
+
 
+
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | This is Saurabh from IIT Bombay, signing off.
+
  
 
Thank you.
 
Thank you.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 15:14, 12 September 2019

Simulating Astable Multivibrator

Author: Saurabh Bansode

Keywords: video tutorial, eSim, EDA, schematic, simulation, Design, Spice models, ngspice, kicad, analysis, transient


Visual cue Narration
Show Slide:

Opening Slide

Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Simulating Astable Multivibrator in eSim.
Show Slide:

Learning Objectives

In this tutorial, we will -
  • Create and simulate an Astable Multivibrator.
  • Understand dot cir and dot cir dot out files.
  • Observe and understand the Ngspice terminal.
Show Slide:

Systems Requirements

To record this tutorial, we will use-
  • Ubuntu Linux OS 16.04
  • eSim version 1.1.2
Show Slide:

Prerequisites

To practice this tutorial, basic knowledge of electronics is required.
Show Slide:

Circuit Diagram

Earlier, we learnt how to create a schematic for an RC circuit.


Now I am going to reinforce the idea with an Astable Multivibrator circuit.


The Astable Multivibrator circuit is as shown.


Watch me for the next one minute as I create this circuit in eSim.

<<FAST-FORWARD>> A considerable part of this activity has been fast forwarded.
During the demo.... I am placing a few components and making a few connections.


It is expected that you know how to create a schematic in eSim.


In case you do not know, please watch the prerequisite eSim tutorials.

Show Slide:

Download Code File

The partially made circuit schematic is available in the Code files link.


Pause the video to download and extract the code files on your Desktop.


We will use the downloaded code file to practice the rest of the tutorial.

eSim Main Window: Launch eSim on your machine.


I have already opened eSim.

Click on Open Project >>Browse To Desktop >>click on AstableMultivibrator>>click on Open Click on Open Project button on the left toolbar.


Browse to the Desktop location and click on AstableMultivibrator.


Then click on the Open button.

eSim Main Window:

Click on Open Schematic

Click on the Open Schematic button on the left toolbar.
Schematic Editor Window:

Press F1 to zoom in.

Press the F1 key to zoom into the schematic.


If you have zoomed in or zoomed out too much, fit the schematic back to default.

Press Esc key >> click on View >> select Fit on Screen


To do this, press the Esc key, and click on the View option on the top toolbar.


Select the Fit on Screen option.


It will fit the schematic back to its default resolution.

I will zoom in again.

Point to the connections Several connections are already made.
eSim Schematic window:

Hover the mouse over the end points of eSim_LED and eSim_R present on the right hand side of the schematic.

The wires should be connected end-to-end for components, and not external outlines.
I will demonstrate a common mistake now.
eSim Schematic Editor:

Select the Place Wire tool from right toolbar.


Click on unconnected resistor, on the right side of the schematic.


Drag cursor till the horizontal line of the eSim_LED

Select the Place Wire tool.


I have clicked on one end of eSim underscore R.


I will drag it to the exterior outline of the eSim underscore LED and double-click.

eSim Schematic Editor:

Zoom and point to the empty square block.


Press Ctrl+Z

The empty green box shows that the connection is not proper.


Press Ctrl and Z keys simultaneously to undo the changes just made.

Let us properly connect the eSim_LED present on the right side of the schematic.
Schematic Editor Window:

Click on Place Wire:

Click on Place Wire tool on the right toolbar.
Click on unconnected node of the resistor

>>

Drag cursor till the Node 1 of eSim_LED>>

Click on the unconnected node of the resistor.

Then drag the cursor till node 1 of eSim underscore LED

Click once on the eSim_R node

Press Esc key

Click once on the eSim underscore LED node to place the wire.

Press Esc key.

Schematic Editor Window:

Click on Place Wire:

>>Click on Node 2 of eSim_LED

>> Drag the cursor till the wire connecting adjacent transistor and capacitor>>Click once on the existing wire >> press the Esc key

Select the Place Wire tool and click on the node 2 of eSim underscore LED.

Drag the cursor till the wire connecting the adjacent transistor and capacitor.


Click once on the existing wire.

Now press the Esc key.

Schematic Editor:

Zoom into the junction and hover the mouse over it.

If the wires are placed properly, you will see a green dot where the wires intersect.

This is called a junction.

Schematic Editor:

Right click on plot_v1

>>Select Copy Component >>Click once on the editor.

Right-click on plot underscore v1 and select the Copy component option.

plot underscore v1 will be tied to the cursor.

Drag the cursor near the LED on the right side>>click once to Place it next to the LED Drag the cursor near the LED on the right side.

Place it next to the LED by clicking once on the editor.

Schematic Editor:

Select Place Global Label option from the right toolbar >>click once on editor>>

Enter LED2>>Click OK>>

Click on Place Global Label on the right toolbar, to place a global label.

Click once on the editor screen.

Type the text LED2 and click on OK.

LED2 global label will be tied to the cursor.

Click once near the LED. Place the LED2 global label near the LED on the right side, by clicking once on the editor once.

Rotate the global label if required.

Schematic Editor:

Right click on eSim_CP1>>

Choose Edit Component>>

choose Value >>

erase eSim_CP1 and type 22u

>>Click on OK

Right-click on eSim_CP1.


Choose the Edit Component option, and select Value.


Erase the value eSim underscore CP1 using Backspace key and type 22u.


Click on OK.


Note that we are using polarised capacitor.

Schematic Editor:

Place cursor on eSim_R>>

Press the key V >> erase eSim_R and type 1k

>>

Click on OK

Right-click on eSim underscore R.


Place the cursor on Edit Component, and select the Value option.


Erase the value eSim underscore R using Backspace key and type 1k.


Click on OK.

Schematic Editor:

Hover mouse over DC source

We will assign a value to the DC source later.
Schematic Editor:

Select Place wire tool>> Click on plot_v1, drag till junction>>click once>>click once on LED2>>drag till junction and click once

Connect plot_v1 and LED2 global label to the junction as shown.
Press Ctrl and S keys simultaneously Press Ctrl and S keys simultaneously to save the work.
Schematic Editor:

Click on Annotate Schematic>>

Click on Annotate >> Click OK>> Press Ctrl and S keys simultaneously

Click on Annotate Schematic tool on the top toolbar.


Click on Annotate option, and then on OK.

Press Ctrl and S keys simultaneously to save the work.

Schematic Editor:

Click on Perform electrical Rules check >>Click on Run

Click on Perform electrical rules check on the top toolbar.


Click on Run.

ERC Window:

Click Delete markers>>

Click Close

We can see three warnings regarding global label, which can be ignored.


Click on Delete Markers and then click on Close.


More information on ERC errors is given in the Additional Reading Material of this tutorial.

Schematic Editor WIndow:

Click Generate netlist >>

Click on Generate Netlist on the top toolbar.
Generate Netlist WIndow:

spice tab >> check Default >> click on Generate >> Click Save.

Click on Spice tab, and check the Default Format option.


Then click on Generate option, and click on Save.

Now I will switch back to eSim main window.
eSim Main window:

Double click on AstableMultivibrator>>

Click on KicadtoNgspice

Double-click on AstableMultivibrator.


Click on Convert Kicad to Ngspice convertor.

Kicad to Ngspice Converter:

Analysis Tab

Show:


Highlight the values entered.

Start Time 0

Step Time 10 milliseconds

Stop Time 12

Type the values for transient parameters as shown.
Kicad to ngspice convertor window: Click on source details tab Click on the Source details tab.
Kicad to ngspice convertor

Window:

Source Details Tab

Type the value of DC source as 9.


You should enter only numeric values of voltages.

Kicad to Ngspice Converter:

Device Modeling tab:


Click on Add >> Double click on Diode folder >> select LED.lib >> click on Open

Click on Device Modeling tab.


Click on the Add button under d1:esim underscore led.


Double-click on Diode folder, select LED.lib file and click on the Open button.

Similarly add the library files for d2:esim underscore led
Kicad to Ngspice Converter:

Device Modeling tab:

Click on Add >> Double click on Transistor folder >> select BC547B.lib >> click on Open

Click on the Add button under q1:esim underscore npn.


Double-click on Transistor folder, select BC547B.lib and click on the Open button.

Similarly add the library files for q2:esim_npn
Kicad to Ngspice Converter:

Device Modeling tab:

Click on Convert >> Click OK

Now press the Convert button to convert the KiCad netlist to Ngspice netlist.


A confirmation dialog box appears, click on OK.

eSim Main Window:

Click on Simulation.

Click on Simulation button on the eSim toolbar to simulate the example.
Ngspice Terminal:


Highlight the LED1 node and its voltage value.

Ngspice terminal and plot windows open along with a Python plot window.


Ngspice terminal shows the values of the voltages at the nodes.


Type plot v(LED1)+v(LED2) >> press Enter.

Ngspice commands can be entered to see plots in this terminal.


Type the following text in the Ngspice terminal and press the Enter key.

Hover the mouse over LED1+LED2 voltage plots. We can see the voltage at nodes LED1 and LED2 combined in a single plot.
Any error will be displayed on the Ngspice terminal or the value will be replaced with a question mark.
I will switch to Python Plot window.
Python Plot Window:

Click on LED1, LED2 and IN.

>>Click on plot.

Click on LED1, LED2 and IN check-boxes in the Python plot window.


Scroll down and click on the Plot button.

If analysis time parameters are not set properly, Python Plotting error will be generated.


For this particular circuit, step time is in milliseconds.

eSim Main Window:


Right click on AstableMultivibrator>> select the refresh option>>Double-click on AstableMultivibrator.cir

Right-click on AstableMultivibrator and select the Refresh option.


The dot cir file shows the netist file of the schematic.


It contains the information about the node connections and values of components.

eSim Main Window:

Double click on AstableMultivibrator.cir.out


Highlight the .tran 10e-03 12e-00 0e-00 text

The cir dot out file is passed to ngspice for running simulations.


It contains information about the device and subcircuit models used in the KiCad to Ngspice conversion tool.


It also contains the analysis time parameters.

Let us summarize.
Show Slide:

Summary

In this tutorial, we learnt to-
  • Create and simulate an Astable Multivibrator.
  • Understand dot cir and dot cir dot out files.
  • Observe and understand the Ngspice terminal.
Show Slide:

Forum

Please post your timed queries in this forum.
Show Slide:

FOSSEE Forum

Please post your general queries on eSim in this forum.
Show Slide:

Lab Migration

FOSSEE team coordinates the Lab Migration project.
Show Slide:

Circuit Simulation Project

FOSSEE team coordinates the Circuit Simulation project.
Show Slide:

Acknowledgment


https://spoken-tutorial.org

Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India.


For more details, visit this website.

Previous slide

This is Saurabh from IIT Bombay, signing off.

Thank you.

Contributors and Content Editors

Nancyvarkey, Saurabhbansode