Difference between revisions of "Apps-On-Physics/C2/Linear-Motion/English"

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{|border=1
 
{|border=1
−
|| '''Time'''
+
|| '''Visual Cue'''
 
|| '''Narration'''
 
|| '''Narration'''
 
|-
 
|-
  
−
|| '''Slide Number 1 '''
+
|| '''Slide Number 1'''
  
 
'''Title Slide'''
 
'''Title Slide'''
−
|| Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on '''Linear Motion.'''
+
|| Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on '''Linear Motion'''.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 2 '''
+
|| '''Slide Number 2'''
  
−
'''Learning objective '''
+
'''Learning objectives'''
−
|| In this tutorial we will demonstrate,  
+
|| In this tutorial we will,
 +
 
 +
Verify Newton's first law of motion using constant acceleration simulation.
 +
 
 +
Calculate position and velocity of a car using equations of motion.
 +
 
 +
Verify Newton's second law of motion using air track glider simulation.
  
−
* '''Motion with constant Acceleration''' and
 
−
* '''Newton's Second Law Experiment Apps'''
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 25: Line 27:
 
'''System Requirements'''
 
'''System Requirements'''
 
|| Here I am using,
 
|| Here I am using,
−
* '''Ubuntu Linux '''OS version '''16.04'''
+
* '''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version 16.04.
−
* '''Firefox Web Browser '''version '''62.0.3'''
+
* '''Firefox Web Browser''' version 62.0.3.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 36: Line 38:
 
|| To follow this tutorial,
 
|| To follow this tutorial,
  
−
learner should be familiar with Apps on Physics.
+
learner should be familiar with '''Apps on Physics'''.
 +
 
 +
For the pre-requisites tutorials please visit this site.
  
−
For the pre-requisites tutorial please visit this site.
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| '''Slide Number 5'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 5'''
  
−
'''Learning Goals'''
+
Link for '''Apps on physics'''
−
* Demonstrate motion of a car with constant acceleration.
+
−
*Explain the graphs of position, velocity and acceleration.
+
−
*Calculate position and velocity of a car using equation of motion.
+
  
 +
'''https://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/'''
  
−
|| Using these '''Apps''' we will,
+
|| Use the given link to download the ''' App'''.
  
−
* Demonstrate motion of a car with constant acceleration.
+
|-
−
* Explain position, velocity  and acceleration graphs.
+
|| Point to the file in the '''Downloads''' folder.
−
* Calculate the position and velocity of a car using equations of motion.
+
|| I have already downloaded '''Apps on Physics''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| '''Slide Number 6'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 6'''
 +
'''Apps on Physics'''
  
−
'''Learning Goals'''
+
||In this tutorial we will use,
−
* Demonstrate the setup of an air track glider.
+
−
* Verify the validity of Newton's second law of motion.
+
  
−
||
+
* '''Motion with constant Acceleration''' and
−
* Demonstrate the setup of an air track glider.
+
* '''Newton's Second Law Experiment Apps'''
−
* Verify the Newton's second law of motion.
+
  
−
|-
 
−
|| '''Slide Number 7'''
 
−
 
−
'''Link for Apps on physics
 
−
 
−
https://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/'''
 
−
 
−
|| Use the given link to download the ''' App'''.
 
−
 
−
|-
 
−
|| Point to the file in the '''Downloads''' folder.
 
−
|| I have already downloaded '''Apps on Physics ''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Click on the '''phen''' folder.
 
|| Click on the '''phen''' folder.
  
−
Press '''Ctrl ''' and '''F''' keys simultaneously.
+
Press '''Ctrl''' and '''F''' keys simultaneously.
−
||Double-click on the '''html5phen''' folder.
+
||Double-click on '''html5phen''' folder.
−
Double-click on the '''phen ''' folder.
+
Double-click on the '''phen''' folder.
  
−
To open '''Motion with Constant Acceleration,''' press '''Ctrl''' + '''F''' keys simultaneously.
+
To open '''Motion with Constant Acceleration''', press '''Ctrl''' + '''F''' keys simultaneously.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Type '''acceleration '''in the search bar.
+
|| Type '''acceleration''' in the search bar.
 
|| In the search bar type '''acceleration'''.
 
|| In the search bar type '''acceleration'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Right click on '''acceleration_en.htm''' file.
 
|| Right click on '''acceleration_en.htm''' file.
−
 
  
 
Select the option '''Open With Firefox web Browser'''option.
 
Select the option '''Open With Firefox web Browser'''option.
−
|| Right click on '''acceleration_en.htm ''' file.
+
|| Right click on '''acceleration_en.htm''' file.
−
 
+
  
 
Select the option '''Open With Firefox web Browser'''.
 
Select the option '''Open With Firefox web Browser'''.
Line 114: Line 99:
 
and '''Acceleration'''.
 
and '''Acceleration'''.
 
|| Green control panel contains text fields.
 
|| Green control panel contains text fields.
 +
 
Here we can edit
 
Here we can edit
  
Line 125: Line 111:
  
 
'''Show acceleration vector'''.
 
'''Show acceleration vector'''.
−
|| At the bottom of the green panel there are two radio buttons  
+
|| At the bottom of the green panel there are two radio buttons.
  
 
* '''Show velocity vector''' and  
 
* '''Show velocity vector''' and  
Line 134: Line 120:
 
|| Point to the three digital clocks.
 
|| Point to the three digital clocks.
 
|| On the yellow panel we have three digital clocks.
 
|| On the yellow panel we have three digital clocks.
−
 
  
 
They show the elapsed time.
 
They show the elapsed time.
Line 141: Line 126:
 
|| Here we can see a green and red colored barriers.
 
|| Here we can see a green and red colored barriers.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on '''Start '''button.
+
|| Click on '''Start''' button.
−
|| Click on '''Start '''button.
+
|| Click on '''Start''' button.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on ''' Slow motion ''' check-box.
+
|| Click on '''Slow motion''' check-box.
−
|| Click the '''Slow motion ''' check-box.  
+
|| Click the '''Slow motion''' check-box.  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the car.
 
|| Point to the car.
Line 170: Line 155:
 
This clock shows the instantaneous time of the moving car.
 
This clock shows the instantaneous time of the moving car.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| At the bottom point to ''' x''' and ''' v '''values.
+
|| At the bottom point to '''x''' and '''v''' values.
−
|| Observe that, the values of '''x ''' and '''v''' are changing continuously.
+
|| Observe that, the values of '''x''' and '''v''' are changing continuously.
  
 
It means that the car is in uniform motion.
 
It means that the car is in uniform motion.
Line 179: Line 164:
 
This is due to '''Newton's first law of motion'''.
 
This is due to '''Newton's first law of motion'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on the ''' Pause''' button and uncheck the '''Slow motion''' check-box.
+
|| Click on '''Pause''' button >> uncheck '''Slow motion''' check-box.
 
|| Click on the '''Pause''' button and uncheck the '''Slow motion''' check-box.
 
|| Click on the '''Pause''' button and uncheck the '''Slow motion''' check-box.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the '''Pause''' button.
 
|| Point to the '''Pause''' button.
−
 
−
 
−
 
 
|| Let’s assume that by clicking '''Pause''' button we have applied an external force on the car.
 
|| Let’s assume that by clicking '''Pause''' button we have applied an external force on the car.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the grey digital clock.
 
|| Point to the grey digital clock.
 
|| Notice that the grey digital clock has stopped.
 
|| Notice that the grey digital clock has stopped.
−
 
  
 
It means that car has stopped moving.
 
It means that car has stopped moving.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on the '''Reset''' button.
+
|| Click on '''Reset''' button.
 
|| Click on the '''Reset''' button.
 
|| Click on the '''Reset''' button.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Change the '''Initial position''' to 5 '''m''' and press '''Enter'''.
+
|| Change the '''Initial position''' to 5 '''m''' >> press '''Enter'''.
 
|| Let's change the '''Initial position''' to 5 '''m ''' and press '''Enter'''.  
 
|| Let's change the '''Initial position''' to 5 '''m ''' and press '''Enter'''.  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Change the '''Initial velocity '''to 5 '''m/s'''.
+
|| Change the '''Initial velocity''' to 5 '''m/s'''.
−
|| Change the '''Initial velocity '''to 5 '''m/s''' ('''meter per second''') and press '''Enter'''
+
|| Change the '''Initial velocity''' to 5 '''m/s''' ('''meter per second''') and press '''Enter'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Edit the value of''' Acceleration''' to 2 '''m/s<sup>2'''</sup>.
+
|| Edit the value of '''Acceleration''' to 2 '''m/s<sup>2'''</sup>.
 
|| And value of '''Acceleration''' to 2 '''m/s<sup>2'''</sup> ('''meter per second square)''' and press '''Enter'''.
 
|| And value of '''Acceleration''' to 2 '''m/s<sup>2'''</sup> ('''meter per second square)''' and press '''Enter'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Move the cursor to show the change in the  
+
|| Move the cursor to show the change in the '''Position''' from 0 to 5 '''m'''.
−
'''Position''' from 0 to 5 '''m'''.
+
 
|| Observe the '''Position v/s time''' and '''Velocity v/s time''' graphs.
 
|| Observe the '''Position v/s time''' and '''Velocity v/s time''' graphs.
 +
 
The red point in the '''Position v/s time''' graph has shifted from 0 '''m''' to 5 '''m'''.
 
The red point in the '''Position v/s time''' graph has shifted from 0 '''m''' to 5 '''m'''.
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Move the cursor to show the change in the  
 
|| Move the cursor to show the change in the  
 
'''Velocity''' from 0 to 5 '''m/s'''.
 
'''Velocity''' from 0 to 5 '''m/s'''.
−
|| The pink point in the '''Velocity v/s time''' graph has shifted from 0''' m/s''' to 5 '''m/s'''.
+
|| The pink point in the '''Velocity v/s time''' graph has shifted from 0 '''m/s''' to 5 '''m/s'''.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point the blue point in '''Acceleration v/s time''' graph.
 
|| Point the blue point in '''Acceleration v/s time''' graph.
−
|| Notice the shift in blue point in '''Acceleration v/s time '''graph.
+
|| Notice the shift in blue point in '''Acceleration v/s time''' graph.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Click on '''Start''' button.
 
|| Click on '''Start''' button.
−
|| Click on the ''' Start''' button.
+
|| Click on the '''Start''' button.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Click on '''Pause''' button when it reaches the red barrier.
 
|| Click on '''Pause''' button when it reaches the red barrier.
Line 237: Line 217:
 
Point to the time axis of acceleration.
 
Point to the time axis of acceleration.
 
|| Observe the '''Acceleration v/s time''' graph.
 
|| Observe the '''Acceleration v/s time''' graph.
 +
 
It shows a straight line parallel to the time axis.
 
It shows a straight line parallel to the time axis.
 +
 
As time changes acceleration remains constant.
 
As time changes acceleration remains constant.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to '''Velocity v/s time '''graph
+
|| Point to '''Velocity v/s time''' graph
 +
 
 
point to the pink line.
 
point to the pink line.
  
 
|| Observe the '''Velocity v/s time''' graph.
 
|| Observe the '''Velocity v/s time''' graph.
 +
 
Note that velocity increases linearly with time.
 
Note that velocity increases linearly with time.
  
Line 252: Line 236:
 
This graph is exponentially increasing, due to the change in '''position''' and '''velocity''' of the car.
 
This graph is exponentially increasing, due to the change in '''position''' and '''velocity''' of the car.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||  
+
|| Cursor on the interface.
 
|| Let us verify the values of '''position''' and '''velocity''' using equations of motion.  
 
|| Let us verify the values of '''position''' and '''velocity''' using equations of motion.  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 8'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 7'''
  
 
'''Equations of Motion'''
 
'''Equations of Motion'''
Line 270: Line 254:
 
'''v<sub>0 '''</sub>and '''v''' are the initial and final velocities.
 
'''v<sub>0 '''</sub>and '''v''' are the initial and final velocities.
  
−
'''x<sub>0'''</sub> and '''x''' are the intial and final positions.
+
'''x<sub>0'''</sub> and '''x''' are the initial and final positions.
  
 
|| Here are the '''Equations of motion'''.
 
|| Here are the '''Equations of motion'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 9'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 8'''
−
 
+
−
'''Tabular column (write the measured values)'''.
+
−
||
+
  
−
We will note the measured and calculated values in the table.
+
'''Tabular column'''.
 +
|| We will note the measured and calculated values in the table.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to red and green barrier.
 
|| Point to red and green barrier.
 
|| Next we will use both green and red barrier to measure position and velocity.
 
|| Next we will use both green and red barrier to measure position and velocity.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click and drag the green barrier to 15 '''m'''.
+
|| Click >> drag the green barrier to 15 '''m'''.
 
|| Click and drag the green barrier to 15 '''m'''.
 
|| Click and drag the green barrier to 15 '''m'''.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 290: Line 272:
 
|| Similarly drag the red barrier to 40 '''m'''.
 
|| Similarly drag the red barrier to 40 '''m'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on the''' Start''' button and then '''Pause''' when it touches the green barrier.
+
|| Click on the '''Start''' button >> '''Pause''' when it touches the green barrier.
 
|| Click on the '''Start''' button and then '''Pause''' when it touches the green barrier.
 
|| Click on the '''Start''' button and then '''Pause''' when it touches the green barrier.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| `Point to position and velocity values.
+
|| Point to position and velocity values.
 
|| Note that the '''App''' has measured the values of position and velocity.
 
|| Note that the '''App''' has measured the values of position and velocity.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||
+
|| '''Slide Number 9'''
−
|| Now we will calculate the values using equations of motion.
+
−
|-
+
−
|| '''Slide Number 10'''
+
  
 
'''Equations of Motion'''
 
'''Equations of Motion'''
  
−
'''v = v<sub>0</sub> + at '''
+
'''v = v<sub>0</sub> + at'''
  
 
'''<nowiki>= 5 + 2 * 1.531</nowiki>'''
 
'''<nowiki>= 5 + 2 * 1.531</nowiki>'''
Line 311: Line 290:
 
|| Let us calculate velocity using the first equation of motion.
 
|| Let us calculate velocity using the first equation of motion.
  
−
Substitute the values of acceleration, time and initial velocity shown in the '''App '''in the equation.
+
Substitute the values of acceleration, time and initial velocity shown in the '''App''' in the equation.
  
−
8.06''' m/s''' is the calculated value of velocity.
+
8.06 '''m/s''' is the calculated value of the velocity.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| '''x = x<sub>0</sub> + v<sub>0</sub> t + 1/2at<sup>2'''</sup>
 
|| '''x = x<sub>0</sub> + v<sub>0</sub> t + 1/2at<sup>2'''</sup>
Line 319: Line 298:
 
'''<nowiki>= 5 + 5 * 1.531 + 1/2 * 2 * (1.531)</nowiki><sup>2'''</sup>
 
'''<nowiki>= 5 + 5 * 1.531 + 1/2 * 2 * (1.531)</nowiki><sup>2'''</sup>
  
−
'''<nowiki>= </nowiki>14.99 m.'''
+
'''<nowiki>= </nowiki>14.99 m'''.
 
|| Let us calculate the '''position''' using the second equation of motion.
 
|| Let us calculate the '''position''' using the second equation of motion.
  
 
Similarly substitute the values shown in the '''App'''.
 
Similarly substitute the values shown in the '''App'''.
  
−
14.99 '''m '''is the calculated value of the position.
+
14.99 '''m''' is the calculated value of the position.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the value of position in the '''App.'''
+
|| Point to the value of position in the '''App'''.
 
|| Observe that the values of position and velocity are approximately equal to the measured values.
 
|| Observe that the values of position and velocity are approximately equal to the measured values.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 11'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 10'''
  
−
'''Tabular column (enter the calculated values)'''
+
'''Tabular column'''
−
||  
+
|| Note the calculated and measured values in the table.
−
 
+
−
Note the calculated and measured values in the table.
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 12'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 11'''
  
 
'''Assignment'''
 
'''Assignment'''
  
−
'''Measure the position and velocity when the car reaches the red barrier'''.
+
Measure the position and velocity when the car reaches the red barrier.
  
−
'''Calculate the values using Equations of motion'''.
+
Calculate the values using Equations of motion.
  
−
'''Complete the table and compare your answers'''.
+
Complete the table and compare your answers.
 
|| As an assignment  
 
|| As an assignment  
  
Line 351: Line 328:
 
* Complete the table and compare your answers with the ones shown in the '''App'''.
 
* Complete the table and compare your answers with the ones shown in the '''App'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||  
+
|| Cursor on the interface.
 
|| Now we will explore the next '''App'''.
 
|| Now we will explore the next '''App'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Open '''Newton's Second Law Experiment''' '''App'''.
+
|| Open '''Newton's Second Law Experiment App'''.
  
−
Right click on the '''newtonlaw2_en.htm''' and '''Open With Firefox Web Browser'''.
+
Right click on the '''newtonlaw2_en.htm''' file and '''Open With Firefox Web Browser'''.
−
|| To open '''Newton's Second Law Experiment''' '''App'''.
+
|| To open '''Newton's Second Law Experiment App'''.
  
−
Right click on the '''newtonlaw2_en.htm''' and '''Open With Firefox Web Browser'''.
+
Right click on the '''newtonlaw2_en.htm''' file and '''Open With Firefox Web Browser'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||  
+
|| Cursor on the interface.
 
|| Using this '''App''' we will verify the '''Newton's second law'''.
 
|| Using this '''App''' we will verify the '''Newton's second law'''.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to air track glider setup.
 
|| Point to air track glider setup.
−
|| The''' App '''opens with air track glider setup.
+
|| The '''App''' opens with air track glider setup.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to blue wagon.
 
|| Point to blue wagon.
Line 373: Line 350:
  
 
Point to '''LB '''.
 
Point to '''LB '''.
−
|| Here digital clock is used to record the time when wagon crosses the''' LB'''.
+
|| Here digital clock is used to record the time when wagon crosses the '''LB'''.
  
 
'''LB '''is the light barrier.
 
'''LB '''is the light barrier.
Line 383: Line 360:
  
  
−
'''Mass of the wagon '''
+
'''Mass of the wagon'''
  
−
'''Hanging mass '''and  
+
'''Hanging mass'''and  
  
−
'''Coefficient of friction '''.
+
'''Coefficient of friction'''.
 
|| In the green control panel we can vary  
 
|| In the green control panel we can vary  
  
Line 394: Line 371:
 
* '''Coefficient of friction'''.
 
* '''Coefficient of friction'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||  
+
|| Point to '''Mass of the wagon'''.
 
|| The default '''Mass of the wagon''' is 100 '''g'''.
 
|| The default '''Mass of the wagon''' is 100 '''g'''.
  
Line 406: Line 383:
 
By default, '''motion with constant acceleration''' is used in the '''App'''.
 
By default, '''motion with constant acceleration''' is used in the '''App'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on the '''Start/Record Data '''button.
+
|| Click on '''Start/Record Data''' button.
−
|| Click on the '''Start '''button.
+
|| Click on the '''Start''' button.
  
 
This button is a toggle for '''Start''' and '''Record data'''.
 
This button is a toggle for '''Start''' and '''Record data'''.
Line 413: Line 390:
 
|| Point to the hanging mass.
 
|| Point to the hanging mass.
  
−
Point to the value of '''Mass of the wagon '''and''' Hanging mass '''in the green panel.
+
Point to the value of '''Mass of the wagon''' and '''Hanging mass''' in the green panel.
 
|| Observe that the hanging mass pulls the wagon downwards.
 
|| Observe that the hanging mass pulls the wagon downwards.
  
−
Default value of the '''Hanging mass '''is 1 '''gram,''' it takes values from 1 '''gram''' to 100 '''grams'''.
+
Default value of the '''Hanging mass''' is 1 '''gram''', it takes values from 1 '''gram''' to 100 '''grams'''.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Move the cursor to show digital clock
 
|| Move the cursor to show digital clock
−
|| Here digital clock notes the time when the wagon crosses the '''LB.'''
+
|| Here digital clock notes the time when the wagon crosses the '''LB'''.
−
 
+
  
 
The distance from the start to '''LB''' is shown as 0.5 '''meter'''.
 
The distance from the start to '''LB''' is shown as 0.5 '''meter'''.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the formula of acceleration.
 
|| Point to the formula of acceleration.
−
|| The '''App''' has''' '''calculated the acceleration using the formula''' 2s/t<sup>2</sup>'''.
+
|| The '''App''' has calculated the acceleration using the formula '''2s/t<sup>2</sup>'''(2s upon t square).
  
−
 
+
The calculated value of acceleration is 0.097 '''m/s<sup>2</sup>'''.
−
The calculated value of acceleration is 0.097''' m/s<sup>2</sup>'''.
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Now click on the''' Reset''' button.
+
|| Click on '''Reset''' button.
−
|| Click on the''' Reset''' button.
+
|| Click on the '''Reset''' button.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click and drag the '''LB''' to the left on second black rectangle.  
+
|| Click >> drag the '''LB''' to the left on second black rectangle.  
 
|| Click and drag the '''LB '''to the left on second black rectangle.  
 
|| Click and drag the '''LB '''to the left on second black rectangle.  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on the '''Start''' button.
+
|| Click on '''Start''' button.
 
|| Click on the '''Start''' button.
 
|| Click on the '''Start''' button.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to show the value of acceleration.
 
|| Point to show the value of acceleration.
−
|| Notice that here also the value of acceleration is 0.097''' m/s<sup>2</sup>'''.
+
|| Notice that here also the value of acceleration is 0.097 '''m/s<sup>2</sup>'''.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Click on the '''Record''' button.
 
|| Click on the '''Record''' button.
  
 
At the bottom of green control panel point to '''Data''' box.
 
At the bottom of green control panel point to '''Data''' box.
−
|| Click on the '''Record''' '''data '''button.
+
|| Click on the '''Record data''' button.
  
 
The values are recorded in the '''Data''' box.
 
The values are recorded in the '''Data''' box.
Line 451: Line 426:
 
|| Point to show inactive '''Diagram''' button.
 
|| Point to show inactive '''Diagram''' button.
  
−
Move the cursor to '''Data.'''
+
Move the cursor to '''Data'''.
−
|| Observe that the '''Diagram '''button is inactive.
+
|| Observe that the '''Diagram''' button is inactive.
  
 
It becomes active when at least four values are recorded in the '''Data''' box.
 
It becomes active when at least four values are recorded in the '''Data''' box.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Again click and drag the '''LB ''' to second green rectangle.
+
|| Click >> drag the '''LB''' to second green rectangle.
−
|| Again click and drag the '''LB ''' to second green rectangle.
+
|| Again click and drag the '''LB''' to second green rectangle.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on the''' Start '''button and than click on '''Record''' '''data''' button.
+
|| Click on the '''Start''' button >> click on '''Record data''' button.
−
|| Click on the''' Start '''button and then click on '''Record''' '''data''' button.
+
|| Click on the '''Start''' button and then click on '''Record data''' button.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Take four more readings.(pause the video recording and take the readings).
+
|| Take four more readings.
−
|| Similarly take four more reading for distance and time and record in the '''Data''' box.
+
|| Similarly take four more readings for distance and time and record in the '''Data''' box.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Scroll down the '''Data''' to show the readings.
 
|| Scroll down the '''Data''' to show the readings.
Line 483: Line 458:
 
|| Point the acceleration and distances.
 
|| Point the acceleration and distances.
 
|| Notice that, acceleration remains same for all the distances.
 
|| Notice that, acceleration remains same for all the distances.
−
 
  
 
It means that change in distance does not change the acceleration.
 
It means that change in distance does not change the acceleration.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to wagon.
 
|| Point to wagon.
−
 
+
|| According to '''Newton's second law''' the '''acceleration''' depends on the mass of the wagon.
−
|| According to '''Newton's second law '''the '''acceleration''' depends on the mass of the wagon.
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on the '''Reset''' button.
+
|| Click on '''Reset''' button.
 
|| Click on the '''Reset''' button.
 
|| Click on the '''Reset''' button.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 505: Line 478:
 
The value of acceleration has changed to 0.033 '''m/s<sup>2'''</sup>.
 
The value of acceleration has changed to 0.033 '''m/s<sup>2'''</sup>.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Click on the '''Reset''' button.
+
||Click on '''Reset''' button.
 
||Click on the '''Reset''' button.
 
||Click on the '''Reset''' button.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 515: Line 488:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to show the value of acceleration.
 
|| Point to show the value of acceleration.
 +
 
Point to underlying formula.
 
Point to underlying formula.
−
 
 
|| Notice the change in the acceleration.
 
|| Notice the change in the acceleration.
−
The value of acceleration has changed to 0.129 '''m/s<sup>2'''</sup>.
+
The value of acceleration has changed to 0.129 '''m/s<sup>2</sup>'''.
  
 
Recall that acceleration depends on mass of the wagon and the hanging mass.
 
Recall that acceleration depends on mass of the wagon and the hanging mass.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 13 '''
+
|| '''Slide Number 12 '''
 +
 
 
'''Tabular Column'''
 
'''Tabular Column'''
 
|| Let us make a tabular column to note the values.
 
|| Let us make a tabular column to note the values.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 14'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 13'''
  
 
'''Assignment'''
 
'''Assignment'''
  
−
'''Change the values of mass of the wagon and note the changes in acceleration.'''
+
Change the values of mass of the wagon and note the changes in acceleration.
  
−
'''For each value of mass of the wagon change the value of Hanging mass.'''
+
For each value of mass of the wagon change the value of Hanging mass.
  
−
'''Observe the difference in the acceleration.'''
+
Observe the difference in the acceleration.
 
||As an assignment
 
||As an assignment
 
   
 
   
Line 544: Line 518:
 
Observe the difference in the acceleration.
 
Observe the difference in the acceleration.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 15'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 14'''
  
 
'''Tabular column'''
 
'''Tabular column'''
  
−
'''Show the gilmpse of the completed assignment.'''
+
Show the glimpse of the completed assignment.
 
|| Your completed assignment should look like this.
 
|| Your completed assignment should look like this.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
||  
 
||  
 
|| Let us summarize
 
|| Let us summarize
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 16'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 15'''
  
 
'''Summary'''
 
'''Summary'''
−
* Demonstrated motion of a car with constant acceleration.
 
−
* Explained '''position, velocity''' and '''acceleration''' graphs.
 
−
* Calculated '''position''' and '''velocity''' of a car using '''equation of motion'''.
 
  
 
|| Using these '''Apps''' we have,
 
|| Using these '''Apps''' we have,
  
−
* Demonstrated motion of a car with constant acceleration.
+
* Verified Newton's first law of motion using constant acceleration simulation.
−
* Explained '''position, velocity''' and '''acceleration''' graphs.
+
−
* Calculated '''position''' and '''velocity''' of a car using '''equation of motion'''.
+
  
−
|-
+
* Calculated position and velocity of a car using equations of motion.
−
|| '''Slide Number 17'''
+
  
−
'''Summary'''
+
* Verified Newton's second law of motion using air track glider simulation.
−
* Demonstrated the setup of an air track glider.
+
−
* Verified the '''Newton's second law of motion'''.
+
−
 
+
−
||
+
−
* Demonstrated the setup of an air track glider.
+
−
* Verified the '''Newton's second law of motion'''.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 18'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 16'''
  
 
'''Acknowledgement'''
 
'''Acknowledgement'''
  
−
These Apps were created by Walter-fendt and his team.
+
These '''Apps''' were created by Walter-fendt and his team.
  
−
|| These '''Apps '''were created by Walter-fendt and his team.
+
|| These '''Apps''' were created by Walter-fendt and his team.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 19'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 17'''
  
−
'''About the Spoken Tutorial project.'''
+
'''About the Spoken Tutorial project'''.
  
 
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
 
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
Line 596: Line 560:
 
Please download and watch it.
 
Please download and watch it.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 20'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 18'''
  
−
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops.'''
+
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''.
  
 
|| The&nbsp;'''Spoken Tutorial Project&nbsp;'''team,
 
|| The&nbsp;'''Spoken Tutorial Project&nbsp;'''team,
Line 606: Line 570:
 
For more details, please write to us.
 
For more details, please write to us.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 21'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 19'''
  
 
'''Forum for specific questions:'''
 
'''Forum for specific questions:'''
Line 614: Line 578:
 
Please visit this site
 
Please visit this site
  
−
Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly
+
Choose the minute and second where you have the question.  
 +
 
 +
Explain your question briefly
  
 
Someone from our team will answer them
 
Someone from our team will answer them
 
|| Please post your timed queries on this forum.
 
|| Please post your timed queries on this forum.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 22'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 20'''
  
 
'''Acknowledgement'''
 
'''Acknowledgement'''

Latest revision as of 11:44, 5 June 2020

Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1

Title Slide

Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Linear Motion.
Slide Number 2

Learning objectives

In this tutorial we will,

Verify Newton's first law of motion using constant acceleration simulation.

Calculate position and velocity of a car using equations of motion.

Verify Newton's second law of motion using air track glider simulation.


Slide Number 3

System Requirements

Here I am using,
  • Ubuntu Linux OS version 16.04.
  • Firefox Web Browser version 62.0.3.
Slide Number 4

Pre-requities

https://spoken-tutorial.org

To follow this tutorial,

learner should be familiar with Apps on Physics.

For the pre-requisites tutorials please visit this site.


Slide Number 5

Link for Apps on physics

https://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/

Use the given link to download the App.
Point to the file in the Downloads folder. I have already downloaded Apps on Physics to my Downloads folder.
Slide Number 6

Apps on Physics

In this tutorial we will use,
  • Motion with constant Acceleration and
  • Newton's Second Law Experiment Apps
Click on the phen folder.

Press Ctrl and F keys simultaneously.

Double-click on html5phen folder.

Double-click on the phen folder.

To open Motion with Constant Acceleration, press Ctrl + F keys simultaneously.

Type acceleration in the search bar. In the search bar type acceleration.
Right click on acceleration_en.htm file.

Select the option Open With Firefox web Browseroption.

Right click on acceleration_en.htm file.

Select the option Open With Firefox web Browser.

Cursor on the App. Motion with constant Acceleration App opens in the browser.
Point to the interface. Interface has two panels.
Point to the text fields in the green panel

Initial position

Initial velocity

and Acceleration.

Green control panel contains text fields.

Here we can edit

  • Initial position
  • Initial velocity and
  • Acceleration.
Point to the radio buttons.

Show velocity vector and

Show acceleration vector.

At the bottom of the green panel there are two radio buttons.
  • Show velocity vector and
  • Show acceleration vector.

By default Show velocity vector is selected.

Point to the three digital clocks. On the yellow panel we have three digital clocks.

They show the elapsed time.

Point to the barriers. Here we can see a green and red colored barriers.
Click on Start button. Click on Start button.
Click on Slow motion check-box. Click the Slow motion check-box.
Point to the car. Observe that a car starts to move with a constant acceleration.
Point to Acceleration. The default value for Acceleration is

1 m/s2 (meter per second square).

Point to the green barrier and clock. When the car crosses the green barrier with its front bumper, green digital clock stops.
Point to red digital clock. Similarly when the car crosses the red barrier, the red digital clock stops.
Move the cursor to show that car has moved out of screen. Notice that car has moved out of the screen, but it is still in motion.
Point to the grey digital clock. This is indicated by grey digital clock.

This clock shows the instantaneous time of the moving car.

At the bottom point to x and v values. Observe that, the values of x and v are changing continuously.

It means that the car is in uniform motion.

And it will continue to be in motion until an external force is applied.

This is due to Newton's first law of motion.

Click on Pause button >> uncheck Slow motion check-box. Click on the Pause button and uncheck the Slow motion check-box.
Point to the Pause button. Let’s assume that by clicking Pause button we have applied an external force on the car.
Point to the grey digital clock. Notice that the grey digital clock has stopped.

It means that car has stopped moving.

Click on Reset button. Click on the Reset button.
Change the Initial position to 5 m >> press Enter. Let's change the Initial position to 5 m and press Enter.
Change the Initial velocity to 5 m/s. Change the Initial velocity to 5 m/s (meter per second) and press Enter.
Edit the value of Acceleration to 2 m/s2. And value of Acceleration to 2 m/s2 (meter per second square) and press Enter.
Move the cursor to show the change in the Position from 0 to 5 m. Observe the Position v/s time and Velocity v/s time graphs.

The red point in the Position v/s time graph has shifted from 0 m to 5 m.

Move the cursor to show the change in the

Velocity from 0 to 5 m/s.

The pink point in the Velocity v/s time graph has shifted from 0 m/s to 5 m/s.
Point the blue point in Acceleration v/s time graph. Notice the shift in blue point in Acceleration v/s time graph.
Click on Start button. Click on the Start button.
Click on Pause button when it reaches the red barrier. And then click on the Pause button when car touches the red barrier.
Point to pink color vector. Observe that the pink colored vector shows the direction of velocity.
Point to each graph. Now let us study the variations in each graph.
Point to Acceleration v/s time graph.

Move the cursor to show the straight line.

Point to the time axis of acceleration.

Observe the Acceleration v/s time graph.

It shows a straight line parallel to the time axis.

As time changes acceleration remains constant.

Point to Velocity v/s time graph

point to the pink line.

Observe the Velocity v/s time graph.

Note that velocity increases linearly with time.

Point to Position v/s time graph. Look at the Position v/s time graph.

This graph is exponentially increasing, due to the change in position and velocity of the car.

Cursor on the interface. Let us verify the values of position and velocity using equations of motion.
Slide Number 7

Equations of Motion

v = v0 + at


x = x0 + v0 t + 1/2at2


v2 = v02 + 2 a (x − x0)


v0 and v are the initial and final velocities.

x0 and x are the initial and final positions.

Here are the Equations of motion.
Slide Number 8

Tabular column.

We will note the measured and calculated values in the table.
Point to red and green barrier. Next we will use both green and red barrier to measure position and velocity.
Click >> drag the green barrier to 15 m. Click and drag the green barrier to 15 m.
Drag the red barrier to 40 m. Similarly drag the red barrier to 40 m.
Click on the Start button >> Pause when it touches the green barrier. Click on the Start button and then Pause when it touches the green barrier.
Point to position and velocity values. Note that the App has measured the values of position and velocity.
Slide Number 9

Equations of Motion

v = v0 + at

= 5 + 2 * 1.531

=8.06 m/s

Let us calculate velocity using the first equation of motion.

Substitute the values of acceleration, time and initial velocity shown in the App in the equation.

8.06 m/s is the calculated value of the velocity.

x = x0 + v0 t + 1/2at2

= 5 + 5 * 1.531 + 1/2 * 2 * (1.531)2

= 14.99 m.

Let us calculate the position using the second equation of motion.

Similarly substitute the values shown in the App.

14.99 m is the calculated value of the position.

Point to the value of position in the App. Observe that the values of position and velocity are approximately equal to the measured values.
Slide Number 10

Tabular column

Note the calculated and measured values in the table.
Slide Number 11

Assignment

Measure the position and velocity when the car reaches the red barrier.

Calculate the values using Equations of motion.

Complete the table and compare your answers.

As an assignment
  • Measure the position and velocity when the car reaches the red barrier.
  • Calculate the values using Equations of motion.
  • Complete the table and compare your answers with the ones shown in the App.
Cursor on the interface. Now we will explore the next App.
Open Newton's Second Law Experiment App.

Right click on the newtonlaw2_en.htm file and Open With Firefox Web Browser.

To open Newton's Second Law Experiment App.

Right click on the newtonlaw2_en.htm file and Open With Firefox Web Browser.

Cursor on the interface. Using this App we will verify the Newton's second law.
Point to air track glider setup. The App opens with air track glider setup.
Point to blue wagon. The screen shows a wagon on the air track.
Point to show the digital clock.

Point to LB .

Here digital clock is used to record the time when wagon crosses the LB.

LB is the light barrier.

Point to graph. The graph records position v/s time data.
In green control panel we can vary


Mass of the wagon

Hanging massand

Coefficient of friction.

In the green control panel we can vary
  • Mass of the wagon
  • Hanging mass and
  • Coefficient of friction.
Point to Mass of the wagon. The default Mass of the wagon is 100 g.

It can take values from 1 g to 1000 g

Scroll down to show the Underlying formulas. Scroll down the screen.

Here we have the formula used in this experiment.

By default, motion with constant acceleration is used in the App.

Click on Start/Record Data button. Click on the Start button.

This button is a toggle for Start and Record data.

Point to the hanging mass.

Point to the value of Mass of the wagon and Hanging mass in the green panel.

Observe that the hanging mass pulls the wagon downwards.

Default value of the Hanging mass is 1 gram, it takes values from 1 gram to 100 grams.

Move the cursor to show digital clock Here digital clock notes the time when the wagon crosses the LB.

The distance from the start to LB is shown as 0.5 meter.

Point to the formula of acceleration. The App has calculated the acceleration using the formula 2s/t2(2s upon t square).

The calculated value of acceleration is 0.097 m/s2.

Click on Reset button. Click on the Reset button.
Click >> drag the LB to the left on second black rectangle. Click and drag the LB to the left on second black rectangle.
Click on Start button. Click on the Start button.
Point to show the value of acceleration. Notice that here also the value of acceleration is 0.097 m/s2.
Click on the Record button.

At the bottom of green control panel point to Data box.

Click on the Record data button.

The values are recorded in the Data box.

Point to show inactive Diagram button.

Move the cursor to Data.

Observe that the Diagram button is inactive.

It becomes active when at least four values are recorded in the Data box.

Click >> drag the LB to second green rectangle. Again click and drag the LB to second green rectangle.
Click on the Start button >> click on Record data button. Click on the Start button and then click on Record data button.
Take four more readings. Similarly take four more readings for distance and time and record in the Data box.
Scroll down the Data to show the readings. In the Data box, readings of six different distances have been recorded.
Point to show the plotted points in the graph. Observe the plotted points for position and time in the graph.
Point to the Diagram button.

Click on the Diagram button.

Diagram button is now active.

Click on the Diagram button to plot the graph.

Point to show the line. An exponential graph appears on the screen.
Point the acceleration and distances. Notice that, acceleration remains same for all the distances.

It means that change in distance does not change the acceleration.

Point to wagon. According to Newton's second law the acceleration depends on the mass of the wagon.
Click on Reset button. Click on the Reset button.
Change the Mass of the wagon to 300 g. Now change the Mass of the wagon to 300 g.
Click on Start button. Click on Start button.
Point to show the value of acceleration. Notice the change in the acceleration.

The value of acceleration has changed to 0.033 m/s2.

Click on Reset button. Click on the Reset button.
Change the value of Hanging mass to 4 g. Now let us change the value of Hanging mass to 4 g.
Click on Start button. Click on Start button.
Point to show the value of acceleration.

Point to underlying formula.

Notice the change in the acceleration.

The value of acceleration has changed to 0.129 m/s2.

Recall that acceleration depends on mass of the wagon and the hanging mass.

Slide Number 12

Tabular Column

Let us make a tabular column to note the values.
Slide Number 13

Assignment

Change the values of mass of the wagon and note the changes in acceleration.

For each value of mass of the wagon change the value of Hanging mass.

Observe the difference in the acceleration.

As an assignment

Change the values of mass of the wagon and note the changes in acceleration.

For each value of mass of the wagon change the value of the Hanging mass.

Observe the difference in the acceleration.

Slide Number 14

Tabular column

Show the glimpse of the completed assignment.

Your completed assignment should look like this.
Let us summarize
Slide Number 15

Summary

Using these Apps we have,
  • Verified Newton's first law of motion using constant acceleration simulation.
  • Calculated position and velocity of a car using equations of motion.
  • Verified Newton's second law of motion using air track glider simulation.
Slide Number 16

Acknowledgement

These Apps were created by Walter-fendt and his team.

These Apps were created by Walter-fendt and his team.
Slide Number 17

About the Spoken Tutorial project.

The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

Slide Number 18

Spoken Tutorial workshops.

The Spoken Tutorial Project team,

conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.

Slide Number 19

Forum for specific questions:

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly

Someone from our team will answer them

Please post your timed queries on this forum.
Slide Number 20

Acknowledgement

Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by, MHRD, Government of India.
This is Himanshi Karwanje from IIT-Bombay.

Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Karwanjehimanshi95, Madhurig, Nancyvarkey

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