Difference between revisions of "PhET/C2/Color-Vision/English"

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(Created page with " {|border=1 | | '''Visual Cue''' | | '''Narration''' |- | | '''Slide Number 1''' '''Title Slide''' | | Welcome to this tutorial on''' Color Vision, '''an '''interactive PhET...")
 
 
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−
 
 
{|border=1
 
{|border=1
−
| | '''Visual Cue'''
+
|| '''Visual Cue'''
−
| | '''Narration'''
+
|| '''Narration'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 1'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 1'''
  
 
'''Title Slide'''
 
'''Title Slide'''
−
| | Welcome to this tutorial on''' Color Vision, '''an '''interactive PhET simulation'''.
+
|| Welcome to this tutorial on''' Color Vision, '''an '''interactive PhET simulation'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 2'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 2'''
  
 
'''Learning Objectives'''
 
'''Learning Objectives'''
Line 17: Line 16:
  
 
'''Color Vision PhET simulation'''
 
'''Color Vision PhET simulation'''
−
| | In this '''tutorial''', we will demonstrate, '''Color Vision, '''an interactive '''PhET simulation'''.
+
|| In this '''tutorial''', we will demonstrate, '''Color Vision, '''an interactive '''PhET simulation'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 3'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 3'''
  
 
'''System Requirements'''
 
'''System Requirements'''
Line 28: Line 27:
  
 
Firefox Web Browser version 60.0.2
 
Firefox Web Browser version 60.0.2
−
| | Here I am using,
+
|| Here I am using,
  
−
Ubuntu Linux''' '''OS version 16.04
+
Ubuntu Linux OS version 16.04
  
 
Java version 1.8.0
 
Java version 1.8.0
Line 36: Line 35:
 
Firefox Web Browser version 60.0.2
 
Firefox Web Browser version 60.0.2
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 4'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 4'''
  
 
'''Pre-requisites'''
 
'''Pre-requisites'''
−
| | Learners should be familiar with high school biology and physics.
+
|| Learners should be familiar with high school physics and biology.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 5'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 5'''
  
 
'''Learning Goals'''
 
'''Learning Goals'''
Line 47: Line 46:
 
White light
 
White light
  
−
Colours from visible '''spectrum'''
+
Colours from visible spectrum
  
−
Light and filters of different colours of visible '''spectrum'''
+
Light and filters of different colours of visible spectrum
  
 
Red, green and blue light, separately or in combination
 
Red, green and blue light, separately or in combination
−
| | Using this simulation, we will look at colour vision when the human eye sees:
+
|| Using this simulation, we will look at colour vision when the human eye sees:
  
 
White light
 
White light
  
−
Light of different colours from the visible '''spectrum'''
+
Light of different colours from the visible spectrum
  
−
Light and filters of different colours of the visible '''spectrum'''
+
Light and filters of different colours of the visible spectrum
  
 
Red, green and blue light, separately or in combination
 
Red, green and blue light, separately or in combination
 
|-
 
|-
−
| |
+
||
−
| | Please refer to the '''additional material''' provided with this '''tutorial'''.
+
|| Please refer to the '''additional material''' provided with this tutorial.
  
 
Let us begin.
 
Let us begin.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 6'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 6'''
  
 
'''Visible Light'''
 
'''Visible Light'''
Line 73: Line 72:
 
[[Image:]]
 
[[Image:]]
  
−
Electromagnetic '''spectrum''', 380 -760 nm, visible light.
+
Electromagnetic spectrum, 380 -760 nm, visible light.
  
 
'''VIBGYOR'''
 
'''VIBGYOR'''
Line 82: Line 81:
  
 
All colours --> white light
 
All colours --> white light
−
| |'''Visible Light'''
+
||Visible Light
  
−
A portion of the electromagnetic '''spectrum''' is detected by human eye as visible light.
+
A portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is detected by human eye as visible light.
  
−
This portion extends from 380 to 760 '''nanometers'''.
+
This portion extends from 380 to 760 ''nanometers'''.
  
−
The colours of the visible '''spectrum''' can be remembered as '''VIBGYOR'''.
+
The colours of the visible spectrum can be remembered as '''VIBGYOR'''.
  
 
Violet-indigo-blue-green-yellow-orange-red
 
Violet-indigo-blue-green-yellow-orange-red
Line 98: Line 97:
 
Combining all the colours gives white light.
 
Combining all the colours gives white light.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| |
+
|| '''Slide Number 7'''
−
| |
+
−
|-
+
−
| | '''Slide Number 7'''
+
  
 
'''Link for PhET simulation'''
 
'''Link for PhET simulation'''
  
 
[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]
 
[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]
−
| | Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''.
+
|| Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''.
  
−
[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colourado.edu]
+
[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colourado.edu]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Point to the '''file''' in '''Downloads folder'''.
+
|| Point to the '''file''' in '''Downloads folder'''.
−
| | I have already downloaded the '''Color Vision simulation''' to my '''Downloads folder'''.
+
|| I have already downloaded the '''Color Vision simulation''' to my '''Downloads folder'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Right click on '''color-vision_en.html''' file.
+
|| Right click on '''color-vision_en.html''' file.
  
 
Select Open With Firefox Web Browser option.
 
Select Open With Firefox Web Browser option.
  
 
Point to the browser address.
 
Point to the browser address.
−
| | To open the simulation, right click on the '''color-vision_en.html''' file.
+
|| To open the simulation, right click on the '''color-vision_en.html''' file.
  
 
Select the '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' option.
 
Select the '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' option.
Line 124: Line 120:
 
The file opens in the browser.
 
The file opens in the browser.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Cursor on the '''interface'''.
+
|| Cursor on the '''interface'''.
−
| | This is the '''interface''' for the '''Color Vision simulation'''.
+
|| This is the '''interface''' for the '''Color Vision simulation'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| |
+
||
−
| | Now we will explore the '''interface'''.
+
|| Now we will explore the '''interface'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Point to two '''screens''' in the '''interface'''.
+
|| Point to two screens in the '''interface'''.
−
| | The '''interface''' has two '''screens'''
+
|| The '''interface''' has two screens
  
 
'''Single Bulb'''
 
'''Single Bulb'''
Line 137: Line 133:
 
'''RGB Bulbs'''
 
'''RGB Bulbs'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Click on '''Single Bulb screen'''.
+
|| Click on '''Single Bulb''' screen.
−
| | Click on '''Single Bulb screen'''.
+
|| Click on '''Single Bulb''' screen.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | In the '''Single Bulb screen''', point to the person facing the right.
+
|| In the '''Single Bulb''' screen, point to the person facing the right.
  
 
Point to two small images below the neck.
 
Point to two small images below the neck.
−
| | In the '''Single Bulb screen''', you can see a person facing the right.
+
|| In the '''Single Bulb''' screen, you can see a person facing the right.
  
 
Just below the neck are two small images.
 
Just below the neck are two small images.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Point to the first highlighted image.
+
|| Point to the first highlighted image.
  
 
Point to the person’s face.
 
Point to the person’s face.
−
| | The first one is highlighted.
+
|| The first one is highlighted.
  
 
It allows you to see the person’s face.
 
It allows you to see the person’s face.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Click on the second image.
+
|| Click on the second image.
  
 
Point to the highlighted image and the cross-section of the person’s brain.
 
Point to the highlighted image and the cross-section of the person’s brain.
  
 
Show the '''optic''' nerves extending from the eyes into different parts of the brain.
 
Show the '''optic''' nerves extending from the eyes into different parts of the brain.
−
| | Click on the second image.
+
|| Click on the second image.
  
 
On being highlighted, it shows the cross-section of the person’s brain.
 
On being highlighted, it shows the cross-section of the person’s brain.
Line 165: Line 161:
 
Observe the '''optic''' nerves extending from the eyes into different parts of the brain.
 
Observe the '''optic''' nerves extending from the eyes into different parts of the brain.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 8'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 8'''
  
 
'''Color Vision'''
 
'''Color Vision'''
Line 171: Line 167:
 
[[Image:]]
 
[[Image:]]
  
−
'''Cone '''receptors of '''retina'''
+
'''Cone''' receptors of '''retina'''
  
 
'''Trichromatic''' colour vision ('''S ~B, M~G, L~R''')
 
'''Trichromatic''' colour vision ('''S ~B, M~G, L~R''')
−
| |
+
||Color Vision,
 
'''Cone''' cells are photoreceptors in the '''retina''' that are sensitive to a range of wavelengths.
 
'''Cone''' cells are photoreceptors in the '''retina''' that are sensitive to a range of wavelengths.
  
Line 183: Line 179:
 
Here, it activates the '''M''' or '''gamma''' type '''cones'''.
 
Here, it activates the '''M''' or '''gamma''' type '''cones'''.
  
−
This visual information is sent from '''cones''' to retinal ganglia via the '''optic''' nerve.
+
The visual information is sent from '''cones''' to retinal ganglia via the '''optic''' nerve.
  
 
The two '''optic''' nerves meet and cross over each other at the '''optic chiasma'''.
 
The two '''optic''' nerves meet and cross over each other at the '''optic chiasma'''.
Line 191: Line 187:
 
They then continue to the '''primary visual cortex''' in the '''occipital lobe''' in the back of the brain.
 
They then continue to the '''primary visual cortex''' in the '''occipital lobe''' in the back of the brain.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| |
+
||
−
| | Let us return to the '''simulation'''.
+
|| Let us return to the '''simulation'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Point to the ellipses above the person’s head.
+
|| Point to the ellipses above the person’s head.
−
| | Observe the ellipses above the person’s head.
+
|| Observe the ellipses above the person’s head.
  
 
They will be filled with the colour that the person sees.
 
They will be filled with the colour that the person sees.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Point to the '''Play/Pause button''' at the bottom and the '''Step button''' next to it.
+
|| Point to the '''Play/Pause button''' at the bottom and the '''Step button''' next to it.
  
−
Point to the '''Reset button'''.
+
Point to the '''Reset''' button.
−
| | Note the '''Play/Pause button''' at the bottom and the '''Step button''' next to it.
+
|| Note the '''Play/Pause''' button at the bottom and the '''Step''' button next to it.
  
−
The '''Reset button''' will take us back to the start.
+
The '''Reset''' button will take us back to the start.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Point to the torch or flashlight in front of the person’s eyes.
+
|| Point to the torch or flashlight in front of the person’s eyes.
  
−
Point to the red '''button''' on the flashlight.
+
Point to the red button on the flashlight.
−
| | Observe the torch or flashlight in front of the person’s eyes.
+
|| Observe the torch or flashlight in front of the person’s eyes.
  
−
The red '''button''' on the flashlight will switch it off and on.
+
The red button on the flashlight will switch it off and on.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Click on the first bulb above the flashlight.
+
|| Click on the first bulb above the flashlight.
  
 
Show white light.
 
Show white light.
  
−
Click on the red '''button''' of the flashlight.
+
Click on the red button of the flashlight.
−
| | Click on the first bulb above the flashlight.
+
|| Click on the first bulb above the flashlight.
  
 
This is white light.
 
This is white light.
  
−
Click on the red '''button''' of the flashlight.
+
Click on the red button of the flashlight.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Point to the first highlighted image below the flashlight.
+
|| Point to the first highlighted image below the flashlight.
  
 
Point to the beam of light.
 
Point to the beam of light.
−
| | The first image below the flashlight is highlighted by default
+
|| The first image below the flashlight is highlighted by default.
  
 
This will show the light as a beam.
 
This will show the light as a beam.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Click on the second image below the flashlight.
+
|| Click on the second image below the flashlight.
  
 
Show the '''photons'''.
 
Show the '''photons'''.
−
| | Click on the second image below the flashlight.
+
|| Click on the second image below the flashlight.
  
 
This will show the light in the form of '''photons'''.
 
This will show the light in the form of '''photons'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Click on the '''Pause button'''.
+
|| Click on the '''Pause''' button.
  
−
Point to the '''Step button''' that is now active.
+
Point to the '''Step''' button that is now active.
−
| | Click on the '''Pause button'''.
+
|| Click on the '''Pause''' button.
  
−
Observe that the '''Step button''' becomes active.
+
Observe that the '''Step''' button is active.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Click on the '''Step button'''.
+
|| Click on the '''Step''' button.
−
| | Click on the '''Step button '''to see the''' photons '''move in a stepwise manner.
+
|| Click on the '''Step''' button to see the '''photons''' move in a stepwise manner.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Click on the first beam image below the flashlight.
+
|| Click on the first beam image below the flashlight.
−
| | Click on the first image to return to the beam from the flashlight.
+
|| Click on the first image to return to the beam from the flashlight.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Point to the white ellipses above the person’s head.
+
|| Point to the white ellipses above the person’s head.
−
| | Observe the white ellipses above the person’s head.
+
|| Observe the white ellipses above the person’s head.
  
 
This means that the person sees white light coming out of the flashlight.
 
This means that the person sees white light coming out of the flashlight.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Click on the second bulb above the flashlight.
+
|| Click on the second bulb above the flashlight.
  
 
Point to the '''slider Bulb Color'''.
 
Point to the '''slider Bulb Color'''.
−
| | Click on the second bulb above the flashlight.
+
|| Click on the second bulb above the flashlight.
  
−
Observe the '''slider Bulb Color '''containing all colours of the visible '''spectrum'''.
+
Observe the '''slider Bulb Color''' containing all colours of the visible spectrum.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' from end to end.
+
|| Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' from end to end.
  
 
Point to the colour on which the handle is placed and the colour of the light from the flashlight.
 
Point to the colour on which the handle is placed and the colour of the light from the flashlight.
Line 270: Line 266:
  
 
Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' to red at the right end.
 
Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' to red at the right end.
−
| | Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' from end to end.
+
|| Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' from end to end.
  
 
The colour on which the handle is placed indicates the colour of the light from the flashlight.
 
The colour on which the handle is placed indicates the colour of the light from the flashlight.
Line 280: Line 276:
 
Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' to red at the right end.
 
Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' to red at the right end.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Point to the '''toggle switch''' in front of the person.
+
|| Point to the '''toggle switch''' in front of the person.
  
 
Point to the connection between the '''toggle switch''' and the '''Filter Color slider'''.
 
Point to the connection between the '''toggle switch''' and the '''Filter Color slider'''.
  
 
Point to the '''Filter Color slider'''.
 
Point to the '''Filter Color slider'''.
−
| | Note that there is a '''toggle switch''' in front of the person.
+
|| Note that there is a '''toggle switch''' in front of the person.
  
 
It is connected to the '''Filter Color slider'''.
 
It is connected to the '''Filter Color slider'''.
  
−
Observe that the '''Filter Color slider''' also contains the colours of the visible '''spectrum'''.
+
Observe that the '''Filter Color slider''' also contains the colours of the visible spectrum.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Click on the '''toggle switch'''.
+
|| Click on the '''toggle switch'''.
  
 
Point to the '''filter''' in the path of the beam from the flashlight.
 
Point to the '''filter''' in the path of the beam from the flashlight.
−
| | Click on the '''toggle switch'''.
+
|| Click on the '''toggle switch'''.
  
 
Observe that a '''filter''' appears in the path of the beam from the flashlight.
 
Observe that a '''filter''' appears in the path of the beam from the flashlight.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Drag the '''Filter Color slider''' from end to end.
+
|| Drag the '''Filter Color slider''' from end to end.
  
 
Point to the colour on which the handle is placed and the '''filter'''.
 
Point to the colour on which the handle is placed and the '''filter'''.
  
 
Drag '''Filter Color slider''' to red at the right end.
 
Drag '''Filter Color slider''' to red at the right end.
−
| | Drag the '''Filter Color slider''' from end to end.
+
|| Drag the '''Filter Color slider''' from end to end.
  
 
The colour on which the handle is placed indicates the colour of the '''filter'''.
 
The colour on which the handle is placed indicates the colour of the '''filter'''.
  
−
Drag '''Filter Color slider''' to red at the right end.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Point to the red '''filter''' and the red beam.
+
|| Point to the red '''filter''' and the red beam.
  
 
Point to the red ellipses above the person’s head.
 
Point to the red ellipses above the person’s head.
−
| | The '''filter''' becomes red and transmits a red beam.
+
|| Note  the '''filter''' is red and transmits a red beam.
  
 
The person also sees red light.
 
The person also sees red light.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' to violet.
+
|| Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' to violet.
  
 
Point to the violet light beam from the flashlight.
 
Point to the violet light beam from the flashlight.
Line 323: Line 318:
  
 
Point to the empty ellipses above the person’s head.
 
Point to the empty ellipses above the person’s head.
−
| | Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' to violet.
+
|| Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' to violet.
  
 
Violet light comes out from the flashlight.
 
Violet light comes out from the flashlight.
Line 331: Line 326:
 
The person does not see any light.
 
The person does not see any light.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Drag the '''Filter Color slider''' to violet at the left end.
+
|| Drag the '''Filter Color slider''' to violet at the left end.
  
 
Point to the violet '''filter''' and violet light transmitted to the person.
 
Point to the violet '''filter''' and violet light transmitted to the person.
  
 
Point to the violet ellipses above the person’s head.
 
Point to the violet ellipses above the person’s head.
−
| | Drag the '''Filter Color slider''' to violet at the left end.
+
|| Drag the '''Filter Color slider''' to violet at the left end.
  
 
Note the '''filter''' becomes violet and violet light is transmitted to the person.
 
Note the '''filter''' becomes violet and violet light is transmitted to the person.
Line 342: Line 337:
 
The person now sees violet light.
 
The person now sees violet light.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' to red at the right end.
+
|| Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' to red at the right end.
  
 
Point to the violet '''filter''' and the red light beam.
 
Point to the violet '''filter''' and the red light beam.
Line 349: Line 344:
  
 
Point to the empty ellipses above the person’s head.
 
Point to the empty ellipses above the person’s head.
−
| | Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' to red at the right end.
+
|| Drag the '''Bulb Color slider''' to red at the right end.
  
 
Observe how the '''filter''' remains violet but the light beam is now red.
 
Observe how the '''filter''' remains violet but the light beam is now red.
Line 357: Line 352:
 
The person sees no light.
 
The person sees no light.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Drag both '''sliders''' to different colours to see whether light is transmitted to the person.
+
|| Drag both '''sliders''' to different colours to see whether light is transmitted to the person.
−
| | Drag both '''sliders''' to different colours to see whether light is transmitted to the person.
+
|| Drag both '''sliders''' to different colours to see whether light is transmitted to the person.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Point to both '''sliders'''.
+
|| Point to both '''sliders'''.
−
| | Observe how light is only transmitted when both '''sliders''' are set at the same or nearly same colour.
+
|| Observe how light is only transmitted when both '''sliders''' are set at the same or nearly same colour.
  
 
The '''filter''' subtracts all wavelengths and only transmits the wavelength of its own colour.
 
The '''filter''' subtracts all wavelengths and only transmits the wavelength of its own colour.
Line 367: Line 362:
 
Transmission is weaker for wavelengths very close to and maximum for the filter’s colour.
 
Transmission is weaker for wavelengths very close to and maximum for the filter’s colour.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 9'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 9'''
  
 
'''Assignment'''
 
'''Assignment'''
Line 374: Line 369:
  
 
Observe light transmission from filter
 
Observe light transmission from filter
−
| | As an assignment,
+
|| As an assignment,
  
 
Choose white light to come from the flashlight and observe the transmission of light from the filter.
 
Choose white light to come from the flashlight and observe the transmission of light from the filter.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Click on the '''RGB Bulbs screen''' at the bottom of the '''interface'''.
+
|| Click on the '''RGB Bulbs screen''' at the bottom of the '''interface'''.
−
| | Now, let us click on the '''RGB Bulbs screen''' at the bottom of the '''interface'''.
+
|| Now, let us click on the '''RGB Bulbs''' screen at the bottom of the '''interface'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Show the person facing the right.
+
|| Show the person facing the right.
  
 
Click on the second image which allows you to see the cross-section of the person’s brain.
 
Click on the second image which allows you to see the cross-section of the person’s brain.
−
| | Here, too, you can see the person facing the right.
+
|| Here, too, you can see the person facing the right.
  
 
Click on the second image which allows you to see the cross-section of the person’s brain.
 
Click on the second image which allows you to see the cross-section of the person’s brain.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Point to the '''Play/Pause, Step and Reset buttons''' at the bottom of the '''interface'''.
+
|| Point to the '''Play/Pause''', '''Step''' and '''Reset buttons''' at the bottom of the '''interface'''.
−
| | The '''Play/Pause, Step and Reset buttons''' are all seen at the bottom of the '''interface'''.
+
|| The '''Play/Pause''', '''Step''' and '''Reset''' buttons are all seen at the bottom of the '''interface'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Show 3 '''sliders''' and three flashlights on the '''screen'''.
+
|| Show 3 '''sliders''' and three flashlights on the '''screen'''.
  
 
All '''sliders''' are set at the minimum levels.
 
All '''sliders''' are set at the minimum levels.
  
 
Point to the red '''slider''', then the green one and then the blue '''slider'''.
 
Point to the red '''slider''', then the green one and then the blue '''slider'''.
−
| | Three '''sliders''' and three flashlights are seen on the '''screen'''.
+
|| Three '''sliders''' and three flashlights are seen on the screen.
  
 
All '''sliders''' are set at the minimum levels.
 
All '''sliders''' are set at the minimum levels.
Line 402: Line 397:
 
The uppermost one is a red '''slider''', the second green and the lowermost one is a blue '''slider'''.
 
The uppermost one is a red '''slider''', the second green and the lowermost one is a blue '''slider'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Drag the red '''slider''' to the maximum level.
+
|| Drag the red '''slider''' to the maximum level.
  
 
Show red '''photons''' coming out of the flashlight next to the red '''slider'''.
 
Show red '''photons''' coming out of the flashlight next to the red '''slider'''.
Line 409: Line 404:
  
 
Point to the red ellipses above the person’s head.
 
Point to the red ellipses above the person’s head.
−
| | Drag the red '''slider''' to the maximum level.
+
|| Drag the red '''slider''' to the maximum level.
  
 
Note how red '''photons''' come out of the flashlight next to the red '''slider'''.
 
Note how red '''photons''' come out of the flashlight next to the red '''slider'''.
Line 415: Line 410:
 
The '''photons''' reach the person’s eye and the person sees red light.
 
The '''photons''' reach the person’s eye and the person sees red light.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Drag the green '''slider''' to the maximum level.
+
|| Drag the green '''slider''' to the maximum level.
  
 
Show red and green '''photons''' coming out of the flashlights next to the red and green '''sliders'''.
 
Show red and green '''photons''' coming out of the flashlights next to the red and green '''sliders'''.
  
 
Point to the yellow ellipses above the person’s head.
 
Point to the yellow ellipses above the person’s head.
−
| | Drag the green '''slider''' to the maximum level.
+
|| Drag the green '''slider''' to the maximum level.
  
 
Note how red and green '''photons''' come out of the flashlights next to the red and green '''sliders'''.
 
Note how red and green '''photons''' come out of the flashlights next to the red and green '''sliders'''.
Line 428: Line 423:
 
The '''cones''' sensitive to red and green light are activated so that the person sees yellow.
 
The '''cones''' sensitive to red and green light are activated so that the person sees yellow.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Click the '''Pause button'''.
+
|| Click the '''Pause''' button.
−
| | Click the '''Pause button'''.
+
|| Click the '''Pause''' button.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Drag the blue '''slider''' to the maximum level.
+
|| Drag the blue '''slider''' to the maximum level.
−
| | Drag the blue '''slider''' to the maximum level.
+
|| Drag the blue '''slider''' to the maximum level.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | Click on '''Play button'''.
+
|| Click on '''Play''' button.
  
 
Point to the three beams and the white ellipses above the person’s head.
 
Point to the three beams and the white ellipses above the person’s head.
−
| | Click on '''Play button'''.
+
|| Click on '''Play''' button.
  
 
Observe how all three colours mix so that the person sees white.
 
Observe how all three colours mix so that the person sees white.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| |
+
||
−
| | Let us summarize.
+
|| Let us summarize.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 10'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 10'''
  
 
'''Summary'''
 
'''Summary'''
Line 451: Line 446:
  
 
'''Color Vision PhET simulation'''
 
'''Color Vision PhET simulation'''
−
| | In this '''tutorial''', we have demonstrated how to use the '''Color Vision PhET simulation'''.
+
|| In this '''tutorial''', we have demonstrated how to use the '''Color Vision PhET simulation'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 11'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 11'''
  
 
'''Summary'''
 
'''Summary'''
Line 459: Line 454:
 
White light
 
White light
  
−
Light of different colours from visible '''spectrum'''
+
Light of different colours from visible spectrum
  
−
 
+
Light and filters for different colours of visible spectrum
−
Light and filters for different colours of visible '''spectrum'''
+
  
 
Red, green and blue light, separately or in combination
 
Red, green and blue light, separately or in combination
−
| | Using this '''simulation''', we looked at colour vision when the human eye sees:
+
|| Using this '''simulation''', we looked at colour vision when the human eye sees:
  
 
White light
 
White light
  
−
Light of different colours from the visible '''spectrum'''
+
Light of different colours from the visible spectrum
  
−
Light and filters for different colours of the visible '''spectrum'''
+
Light and filters for different colours of the visible spectrum
  
 
Red, green and blue light, separately or in combination
 
Red, green and blue light, separately or in combination
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 12'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 12'''
  
 
'''Assignment'''
 
'''Assignment'''
Line 486: Line 480:
  
 
Colors for schemes: '''complementary, analogous, triadic, rectangle'''
 
Colors for schemes: '''complementary, analogous, triadic, rectangle'''
−
| | As an '''assignment''',
+
|| As an '''assignment''',
  
 
Adjust the red, blue and green '''sliders''' to get these 6 colours.
 
Adjust the red, blue and green '''sliders''' to get these 6 colours.
Line 496: Line 490:
 
Pick colour combinations for the following schemes.
 
Pick colour combinations for the following schemes.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| |
+
 
−
| | Remember to look at the '''Additional material''' provided with this '''tutorial'''.
+
|| '''Slide Number 13'''
−
|-
+
−
| | '''Slide Number 13'''
+
  
 
'''About the Spoken Tutorial Project'''
 
'''About the Spoken Tutorial Project'''
Line 508: Line 500:
  
 
If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
 
If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
−
| | The video at the following link summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial project'''.
+
|| The video at the following link summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial project'''.
−
 
+
−
Please download and watch it
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 +
Please download and watch it.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 14'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 14'''
  
 
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
 
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
−
| | The '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''team conducts workshops using '''spoken tutorials''' and gives certificates on passing online tests.
+
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project''' team conducts workshops using '''spoken tutorials''' and gives certificates on passing online tests.
  
 
For more details, please write to us.
 
For more details, please write to us.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 15'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 15'''
  
 
'''Forum for specific questions:'''
 
'''Forum for specific questions:'''
Line 535: Line 524:
  
 
Someone from our team will answer them
 
Someone from our team will answer them
−
| | Please post your timed queries in this forum.
+
|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 16'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 16'''
  
 
'''Acknowledgement'''
 
'''Acknowledgement'''
−
| | This project is partially funded by '''Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching'''.
+
|| This project is partially funded by '''Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| | '''Slide Number 17'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 17'''
  
−
'''Acknowledgemen'''t
+
'''Acknowledgement'''
−
| | '''Spoken Tutorial Project''' is funded by '''NMEICT, MHRD''', Government of India.
+
|| '''Spoken Tutorial Project''' is funded by '''NMEICT, MHRD''', Government of India.
  
 
More information on this mission is available at this link.
 
More information on this mission is available at this link.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| |
+
||
−
| | This is '''Vidhya Iyer''' from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off.
+
|| This is '''Vidhya Iyer''' from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off.
  
 
Thank you for joining.
 
Thank you for joining.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 17:10, 11 October 2018

Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1

Title Slide

Welcome to this tutorial on Color Vision, an interactive PhET simulation.
Slide Number 2

Learning Objectives

We will demonstrate,

Color Vision PhET simulation

In this tutorial, we will demonstrate, Color Vision, an interactive PhET simulation.
Slide Number 3

System Requirements

Ubuntu Linux OS version 16.04

Java version 1.8.0

Firefox Web Browser version 60.0.2

Here I am using,

Ubuntu Linux OS version 16.04

Java version 1.8.0

Firefox Web Browser version 60.0.2

Slide Number 4

Pre-requisites

Learners should be familiar with high school physics and biology.
Slide Number 5

Learning Goals

White light

Colours from visible spectrum

Light and filters of different colours of visible spectrum

Red, green and blue light, separately or in combination

Using this simulation, we will look at colour vision when the human eye sees:

White light

Light of different colours from the visible spectrum

Light and filters of different colours of the visible spectrum

Red, green and blue light, separately or in combination

Please refer to the additional material provided with this tutorial.

Let us begin.

Slide Number 6

Visible Light

[[Image:]]

Electromagnetic spectrum, 380 -760 nm, visible light.

VIBGYOR

Lowest wavelength (highest frequency) appears violet

Highest wavelength (lowest frequency) appears red

All colours --> white light

Visible Light

A portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is detected by human eye as visible light.

This portion extends from 380 to 760 nanometers'.

The colours of the visible spectrum can be remembered as VIBGYOR.

Violet-indigo-blue-green-yellow-orange-red

The lowest wavelength (highest frequency) appears violet.

The highest wavelength (lowest frequency) appears red.

Combining all the colours gives white light.

Slide Number 7

Link for PhET simulation

http://phet.colorado.edu

Use the given link to download the simulation.

http://phet.colourado.edu

Point to the file in Downloads folder. I have already downloaded the Color Vision simulation to my Downloads folder.
Right click on color-vision_en.html file.

Select Open With Firefox Web Browser option.

Point to the browser address.

To open the simulation, right click on the color-vision_en.html file.

Select the Open With Firefox Web Browser option.

The file opens in the browser.

Cursor on the interface. This is the interface for the Color Vision simulation.
Now we will explore the interface.
Point to two screens in the interface. The interface has two screens

Single Bulb

RGB Bulbs

Click on Single Bulb screen. Click on Single Bulb screen.
In the Single Bulb screen, point to the person facing the right.

Point to two small images below the neck.

In the Single Bulb screen, you can see a person facing the right.

Just below the neck are two small images.

Point to the first highlighted image.

Point to the person’s face.

The first one is highlighted.

It allows you to see the person’s face.

Click on the second image.

Point to the highlighted image and the cross-section of the person’s brain.

Show the optic nerves extending from the eyes into different parts of the brain.

Click on the second image.

On being highlighted, it shows the cross-section of the person’s brain.

Observe the optic nerves extending from the eyes into different parts of the brain.

Slide Number 8

Color Vision

[[Image:]]

Cone receptors of retina

Trichromatic colour vision (S ~B, M~G, L~R)

Color Vision,

Cone cells are photoreceptors in the retina that are sensitive to a range of wavelengths.

The leaf absorbs all wavelengths of visible light except green light.

Green light of 520 nanometers wavelength is reflected and reaches the eye.

Here, it activates the M or gamma type cones.

The visual information is sent from cones to retinal ganglia via the optic nerve.

The two optic nerves meet and cross over each other at the optic chiasma.

Now called optic tracts, they enter and synapse in the thalamus.

They then continue to the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe in the back of the brain.

Let us return to the simulation.
Point to the ellipses above the person’s head. Observe the ellipses above the person’s head.

They will be filled with the colour that the person sees.

Point to the Play/Pause button at the bottom and the Step button next to it.

Point to the Reset button.

Note the Play/Pause button at the bottom and the Step button next to it.

The Reset button will take us back to the start.

Point to the torch or flashlight in front of the person’s eyes.

Point to the red button on the flashlight.

Observe the torch or flashlight in front of the person’s eyes.

The red button on the flashlight will switch it off and on.

Click on the first bulb above the flashlight.

Show white light.

Click on the red button of the flashlight.

Click on the first bulb above the flashlight.

This is white light.

Click on the red button of the flashlight.

Point to the first highlighted image below the flashlight.

Point to the beam of light.

The first image below the flashlight is highlighted by default.

This will show the light as a beam.

Click on the second image below the flashlight.

Show the photons.

Click on the second image below the flashlight.

This will show the light in the form of photons.

Click on the Pause button.

Point to the Step button that is now active.

Click on the Pause button.

Observe that the Step button is active.

Click on the Step button. Click on the Step button to see the photons move in a stepwise manner.
Click on the first beam image below the flashlight. Click on the first image to return to the beam from the flashlight.
Point to the white ellipses above the person’s head. Observe the white ellipses above the person’s head.

This means that the person sees white light coming out of the flashlight.

Click on the second bulb above the flashlight.

Point to the slider Bulb Color.

Click on the second bulb above the flashlight.

Observe the slider Bulb Color containing all colours of the visible spectrum.

Drag the Bulb Color slider from end to end.

Point to the colour on which the handle is placed and the colour of the light from the flashlight.

Point to the ellipses above the person’s head.

Drag the Bulb Color slider to red at the right end.

Drag the Bulb Color slider from end to end.

The colour on which the handle is placed indicates the colour of the light from the flashlight.

Observe that the ellipses above the person’s head fill with the same colour.

You can change the colour that the person sees by dragging the Bulb Color slider.

Drag the Bulb Color slider to red at the right end.

Point to the toggle switch in front of the person.

Point to the connection between the toggle switch and the Filter Color slider.

Point to the Filter Color slider.

Note that there is a toggle switch in front of the person.

It is connected to the Filter Color slider.

Observe that the Filter Color slider also contains the colours of the visible spectrum.

Click on the toggle switch.

Point to the filter in the path of the beam from the flashlight.

Click on the toggle switch.

Observe that a filter appears in the path of the beam from the flashlight.

Drag the Filter Color slider from end to end.

Point to the colour on which the handle is placed and the filter.

Drag Filter Color slider to red at the right end.

Drag the Filter Color slider from end to end.

The colour on which the handle is placed indicates the colour of the filter.

Point to the red filter and the red beam.

Point to the red ellipses above the person’s head.

Note the filter is red and transmits a red beam.

The person also sees red light.

Drag the Bulb Color slider to violet.

Point to the violet light beam from the flashlight.

Point to the absence of any beam from the filter to the person’s eyes.

Point to the empty ellipses above the person’s head.

Drag the Bulb Color slider to violet.

Violet light comes out from the flashlight.

But with red as the Filter Color, no light is transmitted to the person.

The person does not see any light.

Drag the Filter Color slider to violet at the left end.

Point to the violet filter and violet light transmitted to the person.

Point to the violet ellipses above the person’s head.

Drag the Filter Color slider to violet at the left end.

Note the filter becomes violet and violet light is transmitted to the person.

The person now sees violet light.

Drag the Bulb Color slider to red at the right end.

Point to the violet filter and the red light beam.

Point to the violet filter and the absence of the red light from the filter.

Point to the empty ellipses above the person’s head.

Drag the Bulb Color slider to red at the right end.

Observe how the filter remains violet but the light beam is now red.

But the violet filter does not transmit the red light.

The person sees no light.

Drag both sliders to different colours to see whether light is transmitted to the person. Drag both sliders to different colours to see whether light is transmitted to the person.
Point to both sliders. Observe how light is only transmitted when both sliders are set at the same or nearly same colour.

The filter subtracts all wavelengths and only transmits the wavelength of its own colour.

Transmission is weaker for wavelengths very close to and maximum for the filter’s colour.

Slide Number 9

Assignment

White light from flashlight

Observe light transmission from filter

As an assignment,

Choose white light to come from the flashlight and observe the transmission of light from the filter.

Click on the RGB Bulbs screen at the bottom of the interface. Now, let us click on the RGB Bulbs screen at the bottom of the interface.
Show the person facing the right.

Click on the second image which allows you to see the cross-section of the person’s brain.

Here, too, you can see the person facing the right.

Click on the second image which allows you to see the cross-section of the person’s brain.

Point to the Play/Pause, Step and Reset buttons at the bottom of the interface. The Play/Pause, Step and Reset buttons are all seen at the bottom of the interface.
Show 3 sliders and three flashlights on the screen.

All sliders are set at the minimum levels.

Point to the red slider, then the green one and then the blue slider.

Three sliders and three flashlights are seen on the screen.

All sliders are set at the minimum levels.

The uppermost one is a red slider, the second green and the lowermost one is a blue slider.

Drag the red slider to the maximum level.

Show red photons coming out of the flashlight next to the red slider.

Show the photons reaching the person’s eye.

Point to the red ellipses above the person’s head.

Drag the red slider to the maximum level.

Note how red photons come out of the flashlight next to the red slider.

The photons reach the person’s eye and the person sees red light.

Drag the green slider to the maximum level.

Show red and green photons coming out of the flashlights next to the red and green sliders.

Point to the yellow ellipses above the person’s head.

Drag the green slider to the maximum level.

Note how red and green photons come out of the flashlights next to the red and green sliders.

Red and green add to give yellow.

The cones sensitive to red and green light are activated so that the person sees yellow.

Click the Pause button. Click the Pause button.
Drag the blue slider to the maximum level. Drag the blue slider to the maximum level.
Click on Play button.

Point to the three beams and the white ellipses above the person’s head.

Click on Play button.

Observe how all three colours mix so that the person sees white.

Let us summarize.
Slide Number 10

Summary

We have demonstrated,

Color Vision PhET simulation

In this tutorial, we have demonstrated how to use the Color Vision PhET simulation.
Slide Number 11

Summary

White light

Light of different colours from visible spectrum

Light and filters for different colours of visible spectrum

Red, green and blue light, separately or in combination

Using this simulation, we looked at colour vision when the human eye sees:

White light

Light of different colours from the visible spectrum

Light and filters for different colours of the visible spectrum

Red, green and blue light, separately or in combination

Slide Number 12

Assignment

[[Image:]]

RGB?

Color wheel

Colors for schemes: complementary, analogous, triadic, rectangle

As an assignment,

Adjust the red, blue and green sliders to get these 6 colours.

Which RGB combination would you pick to design these schemes?

Look for an image of the colour wheel on the Internet.

Pick colour combinations for the following schemes.

Slide Number 13

About the Spoken Tutorial Project

Watch the video available at http://spoken-tutorial.org/ What_is_a_Spoken_Tutorial

It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

Slide Number 14

Spoken Tutorial workshops

The Spoken Tutorial Project team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

Slide Number 15

Forum for specific questions:

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site

Choose the minute and second where you have the question

Explain your question briefly

Someone from our team will answer them

Please post your timed queries in this forum.
Slide Number 16

Acknowledgement

This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.
Slide Number 17

Acknowledgement

Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.

This is Vidhya Iyer from IIT Bombay, signing off.

Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Madhurig, Snehalathak, Vidhya

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