Difference between revisions of "PhET/C2/States-of-Matter/English-timed"
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|00:01 | |00:01 | ||
− | | Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''States of Matter Simulation'''. | + | | Welcome to this '''spoken tutorial''' on '''States of Matter Simulation'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|00:06 | |00:06 | ||
− | | In this tutorial we will learn about | + | | In this tutorial, we will learn about '''States of Matter''', an interactive '''PhET simulation'''. |
− | + | ||
− | '''States of Matter''', an interactive '''PhET simulation'''. | + | |
|- | |- | ||
|00:13 | |00:13 | ||
− | | To follow this tutorial | + | | To follow this tutorial, learners should be familiar with topics in high school science. |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
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| Here I am using- | | Here I am using- | ||
− | Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04 | + | '''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version 14.04 |
− | Java version 1.7.0 | + | '''Java''' version 1.7.0 |
− | Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2 | + | '''Firefox Web Browser''' version 53.02.2 |
|- | |- | ||
|00:37 | |00:37 | ||
− | | Using this '''Simulation''', students will be able to | + | | Using this '''Simulation''', students will be able to: |
1. Describe the characteristics of states of matter. | 1. Describe the characteristics of states of matter. | ||
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|01:09 | |01:09 | ||
− | |6. Study the relation between temperature and kinetic energy of molecules. | + | |6. Study the relation between temperature and '''kinetic energy''' of molecules. |
|- | |- | ||
|01:15 | |01:15 | ||
− | | Matter around us exists in 3 states | + | | Matter around us exists in 3 states- solid, liquid and gas. |
|- | |- | ||
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| These states arise due to intermolecular forces between the particles. | | These states arise due to intermolecular forces between the particles. | ||
− | Change of state occurs | + | Change of state occurs on the application of heat and pressure. |
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|01:37 | |01:37 | ||
− | | Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''. | + | | Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''. |
+ | '''http://phet.colorado.edu''' | ||
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|01:49 | |01:49 | ||
| To open the simulation, right click on '''States-of-Matter''' html file. | | To open the simulation, right click on '''States-of-Matter''' html file. | ||
− | |||
Select '''Open with Firefox Web Browser''' option. | Select '''Open with Firefox Web Browser''' option. | ||
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|02:03 | |02:03 | ||
− | | The simulation opens with 3 screens | + | | The simulation opens with 3 screens- |
− | + | ||
'''States''', '''Phase changes''' and '''Interaction'''. | '''States''', '''Phase changes''' and '''Interaction'''. | ||
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|02:16 | |02:16 | ||
− | | Screen has a container filled with Neon atoms by default. | + | | '''Screen''' has a container filled with Neon atoms, by default. |
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|02:36 | |02:36 | ||
− | | Below the container there is a heat regulator | + | | Below the container, there is a heat regulator to Heat or Cool the system. |
|- | |- | ||
|02:43 | |02:43 | ||
− | | Drag and hold the slider up to heat the container. | + | | Drag and hold the '''slider''' up to heat the container. |
Drag and hold the slider down to cool the container. | Drag and hold the slider down to cool the container. | ||
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|02:59 | |02:59 | ||
− | | Below this list there are buttons for '''Solid''', '''Liquid''' and '''Gas'''. | + | | Below this list, there are buttons for '''Solid''', '''Liquid''' and '''Gas'''. |
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|There are two buttons at the bottom-left corner of the simulation. | |There are two buttons at the bottom-left corner of the simulation. | ||
− | Bigger button to pause and play the simulation. | + | Bigger button to '''pause''' and '''play''' the simulation. |
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|03:25 | |03:25 | ||
− | |Here, we can heat or cool the atoms or molecules to see the phase change. | + | |Here, we can heat or cool the atoms or molecules to see the '''phase''' change. |
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|03:38 | |03:38 | ||
− | |Observe the screen. In solid, Neon particles are tightly packed. | + | |Observe the '''screen'''. In solid, Neon particles are tightly packed. |
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|05:08 | |05:08 | ||
− | |Using this screen we can explore how the atoms or molecules behave, when the system is heated, cooled, compressed or when more atoms are added. | + | |Using this screen, we can explore how the atoms or molecules behave, when the system is heated, cooled, compressed or when more atoms are added. |
|- | |- | ||
|05:20 | |05:20 | ||
− | |In this screen the container is fitted with a pressure gauge. | + | |In this screen, the container is fitted with a '''pressure gauge'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|05:25 | |05:25 | ||
− | | It is also fitted with a pump to pump in gas atoms or molecules. | + | | It is also fitted with a pump, to pump in gas atoms or molecules. |
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|05:32 | |05:32 | ||
− | | On the right-side of the screen we can see | + | | On the right-side of the screen we can see- |
− | 1. The '''Interaction Potential curve''' or the '''Lennard-Jones potential curve''' | + | 1. The '''Interaction Potential curve''' or the '''Lennard-Jones potential curve''' and |
− | 2. | + | 2. '''Phase Diagram curve'''. |
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| Note the temperature on the thermometer. | | Note the temperature on the thermometer. | ||
− | Neon | + | Neon is in solid state, as denoted by a red dot on the '''Phase Diagram'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|06:02 | |06:02 | ||
− | | Increase the pressure | + | | Increase the pressure by pushing the finger down slowly. |
− | Click on finger, hold the mouse and drag down slowly. | + | Click on finger, hold the '''mouse''' and drag down slowly. |
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|06:19 | |06:19 | ||
− | |As pressure increases, kinetic energy of molecules increases. | + | |As pressure increases, '''kinetic energy''' of molecules increases. |
Observe the red dot on the '''Phase Diagram'''. | Observe the red dot on the '''Phase Diagram'''. | ||
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|06:55 | |06:55 | ||
− | |At this point if you increase the pressure the lid blows off. | + | |At this point, if you increase the pressure the lid blows off. |
This allows some of the atoms to escape out of the container. | This allows some of the atoms to escape out of the container. | ||
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|07:06 | |07:06 | ||
− | | To replace the lid click on yellow '''Return Lid''' button. | + | | To replace the lid, click on yellow '''Return Lid''' button. |
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|07:39 | |07:39 | ||
− | |Similarly observe the phase change for other '''Atoms''' and '''Molecules''' in the list. | + | |Similarly observe the '''phase''' change for other '''Atoms''' and '''Molecules''' in the list. |
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|08:01 | |08:01 | ||
− | |Using this screen, we can show the relation between | + | |Using this screen, we can show the relation between bonding distance and stability. |
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|Observe the '''Potential Energy''' curve as the atoms come closer. | |Observe the '''Potential Energy''' curve as the atoms come closer. | ||
− | Potential energy varies | + | Potential energy varies when attractive and repulsive forces change between atoms. |
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|08:29 | |08:29 | ||
− | |As an assignment | + | |As an assignment: |
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|Use the slider to change '''Interaction Strength''' from '''weak''' to '''strong'''. | |Use the slider to change '''Interaction Strength''' from '''weak''' to '''strong'''. | ||
− | And study the effect of temperature and pressure on these molecules. | + | And, study the effect of temperature and pressure on these molecules. |
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|08:50 | |08:50 | ||
− | | Using '''Phase Changes''' screen, | + | | Using '''Phase Changes''' screen, determine which substance has strongest inter atomic or molecular forces. |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
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|08:59 | |08:59 | ||
− | |In this tutorial we have learnt | + | |In this tutorial, we have learnt: how to use '''States of Matter''' interactive '''PhET simulation'''. |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|09:07 | |09:07 | ||
− | | | + | | Using this simulation, we have learnt about- |
1.Characteristics of '''States of matter'''. | 1.Characteristics of '''States of matter'''. | ||
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|09:21 | |09:21 | ||
− | | The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. Please download and watch it. | + | | The video at the following link summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial''' project. Please download and watch it. |
|- | |- | ||
|09:30 | |09:30 | ||
− | |The Spoken Tutorial Project team | + | |The '''Spoken Tutorial''' Project team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests. |
− | + | ||
− | conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests. | + | |
− | + | ||
For more details, please write to us. | For more details, please write to us. | ||
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|10:00 | |10:00 | ||
− | |Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. | + | |Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by '''NMEICT, MHRD,''' Government of India. |
More information on this mission is available at this link. | More information on this mission is available at this link. |
Latest revision as of 16:26, 10 August 2018
Time | Narration |
00:01 | Welcome to this spoken tutorial on States of Matter Simulation. |
00:06 | In this tutorial, we will learn about States of Matter, an interactive PhET simulation. |
00:13 | To follow this tutorial, learners should be familiar with topics in high school science. |
00:20 | Here I am using-
Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04 Java version 1.7.0 Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2 |
00:37 | Using this Simulation, students will be able to:
1. Describe the characteristics of states of matter. 2. Predict how change in temperature or pressure changes the behavior of particles. 3. Study melting, freezing and boiling points of different substances. |
00:58 | 4. Compare particles in three different phases. |
01:02 | 5. Compare interactions between particles in solids, liquids and gases. |
01:09 | 6. Study the relation between temperature and kinetic energy of molecules. |
01:15 | Matter around us exists in 3 states- solid, liquid and gas. |
01:22 | These states arise due to intermolecular forces between the particles.
Change of state occurs on the application of heat and pressure. |
01:34 | Now let us begin the simulation. |
01:37 | Use the given link to download the simulation. |
01:42 | I have already downloaded States of Matter simulation to my Downloads folder. |
01:49 | To open the simulation, right click on States-of-Matter html file.
Select Open with Firefox Web Browser option. |
02:00 | File opens in the browser. |
02:03 | The simulation opens with 3 screens-
States, Phase changes and Interaction. |
02:13 | Click on States screen. |
02:16 | Screen has a container filled with Neon atoms, by default. |
02:22 | The container is also fitted with a thermometer.
It shows the temperature in Kelvin scale. Click on the black arrow to see the temperature in Celsius scale. |
02:36 | Below the container, there is a heat regulator to Heat or Cool the system. |
02:43 | Drag and hold the slider up to heat the container.
Drag and hold the slider down to cool the container. |
02:53 | On the right-side of the screen, there is a list of Atoms & Molecules. |
02:59 | Below this list, there are buttons for Solid, Liquid and Gas. |
03:07 | There are two buttons at the bottom-left corner of the simulation.
Bigger button to pause and play the simulation. |
03:16 | The smaller one to play the simulation step-wise.
Reset button is at the bottom-right corner. |
03:25 | Here, we can heat or cool the atoms or molecules to see the phase change. |
03:32 | Container has Neon atoms. Click on Solid button. |
03:38 | Observe the screen. In solid, Neon particles are tightly packed. |
03:43 | The movement of atoms is restricted. The vibrations are minimum. |
03:50 | Increase the temperature by moving the slider up on the heat regulator. |
03:56 | Increase the temperature up to 27 K. we can see movement in the atoms. |
04:04 | It indicates that Neon is in liquid state.
Increase the temperature further. The atoms are moving freely in the container. |
04:15 | Neon is in gas phase. |
04:18 | In the gas phase, atoms move randomly with high speed. |
04:24 | Due to this random motion, atoms hit each other and walls of the container. |
04:30 | Click on Reset button to reset the simulation. |
04:35 | Select Water molecules from the list.
Click on Solid button. |
04:41 | Observe the temperature and movement of molecules in the container.
Again click on Liquid button and observe molecules in the container. |
04:53 | Similarly click on Gas button.
Click on Reset button to reset the simulation. |
05:01 | Next, click on Phase Changes screen at the bottom of the interface. |
05:08 | Using this screen, we can explore how the atoms or molecules behave, when the system is heated, cooled, compressed or when more atoms are added. |
05:20 | In this screen, the container is fitted with a pressure gauge. |
05:25 | It is also fitted with a pump, to pump in gas atoms or molecules. |
05:32 | On the right-side of the screen we can see-
1. The Interaction Potential curve or the Lennard-Jones potential curve and 2. Phase Diagram curve. |
05:44 | Before you begin the experiment, note the initial pressure on the pressure gauge. |
05:51 | Note the temperature on the thermometer.
Neon is in solid state, as denoted by a red dot on the Phase Diagram. |
06:02 | Increase the pressure by pushing the finger down slowly.
Click on finger, hold the mouse and drag down slowly. |
06:13 | Observe the temperature and pressure as the lid touches the molecules. |
06:19 | As pressure increases, kinetic energy of molecules increases.
Observe the red dot on the Phase Diagram. |
06:28 | Add more Neon atoms to the container by pushing the pump. |
06:43 | As the collisions between particles increases, temperature and pressure increases.
Observe the Phase Diagram, Neon is now in gas phase. |
06:55 | At this point, if you increase the pressure the lid blows off.
This allows some of the atoms to escape out of the container. |
07:06 | To replace the lid, click on yellow Return Lid button. |
07:11 | Drag the temperature regulator down to cooling position. |
07:16 | The temperature of the container now decreases.
Neon is now in liquid state. Observe the pressure gauge, pressure also decreases. |
07:28 | Cool the container until the phase changes to solid.
Keep track of the red dot on the Phase Diagram. |
07:39 | Similarly observe the phase change for other Atoms and Molecules in the list. |
07:49 | Click on the Interaction screen at the bottom of the interface. |
07:54 | This screen shows a plot of Potential Energy versus Distance Between Atoms. |
08:01 | Using this screen, we can show the relation between bonding distance and stability. |
08:08 | Click and drag the atoms to separate them.
Drag the movable atom away from pinned atom. |
08:17 | Observe the Potential Energy curve as the atoms come closer.
Potential energy varies when attractive and repulsive forces change between atoms. |
08:29 | As an assignment: |
08:31 | In Phase Changes screen, select Adjustable Attraction from Atoms & Molecules list. |
08:38 | Use the slider to change Interaction Strength from weak to strong.
And, study the effect of temperature and pressure on these molecules. |
08:50 | Using Phase Changes screen, determine which substance has strongest inter atomic or molecular forces. |
08:59 | In this tutorial, we have learnt: how to use States of Matter interactive PhET simulation. |
09:07 | Using this simulation, we have learnt about-
1.Characteristics of States of matter. |
09:14 | 2. How variation in temperature or pressure changes the behavior of particles. |
09:21 | The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. Please download and watch it. |
09:30 | The Spoken Tutorial Project team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests.
For more details, please write to us. |
09:45 | Please post your timed queries in this forum. |
09:51 | This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching. |
10:00 | Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
More information on this mission is available at this link. |
10:14 | This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha Kaliappan and Meenal Ghoderao. Thank you for joining. |