Difference between revisions of "PhET/C2/States-of-Matter/English"

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(Created page with "{|border=1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||'''Narration''' |- || '''Slide Number 1''' '''Title Slide''' || Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''States of Matter''' Simulation. |- |...")
 
 
(3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 7: Line 7:
  
 
'''Title Slide'''
 
'''Title Slide'''
−
||  Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''States of Matter''' Simulation.  
+
||  Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''States of Matter Simulation'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 16: Line 16:
 
||  In this tutorial we will learn about-
 
||  In this tutorial we will learn about-
  
−
'''States of Matter''', an interactive PhET simulation.
+
'''States of Matter''', an interactive '''PhET simulation'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 43: Line 43:
  
 
'''Learning Goals'''
 
'''Learning Goals'''
−
|| Using this Simulation, Students will be able to,
+
|| Using this '''Simulation''', students will be able to,
  
 +
1. Describe the characteristics of states of matter.
  
−
Describe the characteristics of '''states of matter'''.
+
2. Predict how change in temperature or pressure changes the behavior of particles.
  
−
 
+
3. Study melting, freezing and boiling points of different substances.
−
Predict how change in temperature or pressure changes the behavior of particles.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
Study Melting, Freezing and Boiling points of different substances.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 59: Line 56:
 
'''Learning Goals '''
 
'''Learning Goals '''
  
−
|| Compare particles in three different phases.
+
||4. Compare particles in three different phases.
  
 +
5. Compare interactions between particles in solids, liquids and gases.
  
−
Compare interactions between particles in solids, liquids and gases.
+
6. Study the relation between temperature and kinetic energy of molecules.
−
 
+
−
Study the relation between temperature and Kinetic Energy of molecules.
+
−
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| '''Slide Number 7'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 7'''
  
 
'''States-of-Matter'''
 
'''States-of-Matter'''
−
||  Matter around us exists in 3 states Solid, Liquid and Gas.
+
||  Matter around us exists in 3 states,  
  
 +
solid, liquid and gas.
  
 
These states arise due to intermolecular forces between the particles.
 
These states arise due to intermolecular forces between the particles.
−
 
  
 
Change of state occurs, on the application of heat and pressure.
 
Change of state occurs, on the application of heat and pressure.
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||  
 
||  
−
|| Now let us begin the simulation.
+
||Now let us begin the simulation.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 86: Line 80:
  
 
'''Link for PhET simulation'''
 
'''Link for PhET simulation'''
−
 
  
 
'''[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]'''
 
'''[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]'''
−
||  Use the given link to download the simulation.
+
||  Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''.
−
 
+
  
 
'''[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]'''
 
'''[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]'''
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the file in '''Downloads''' folder.
 
|| Point to the file in '''Downloads''' folder.
−
|| I have already downloa''ded '''States of Matter''' simulation to my '''Downloads''' folder.
+
|| I have already downloaded '''States of Matter simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Right click on '''States-of-Matter''' html file.
 
|| Right click on '''States-of-Matter''' html file.
−
 
  
 
Select '''Open with Firefox Web Browser''' option.
 
Select '''Open with Firefox Web Browser''' option.
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|-
 
|-
 
|| Click on '''States''' screen.
 
|| Click on '''States''' screen.
−
 
  
 
Point to the screen.
 
Point to the screen.
 
||  Click on '''States''' screen.
 
||  Click on '''States''' screen.
  
−
 
+
Screen has a container filled with Neon atoms by default.
−
Screen has a container filled with '''Neon''' atoms by default.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the thermometer.
 
|| Point to the thermometer.
−
 
  
 
Point to the '''Kelvin scale'''.
 
Point to the '''Kelvin scale'''.
−
 
  
 
Click on the black arrow.
 
Click on the black arrow.
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||  The container is also fitted with a thermometer.  
 
||  The container is also fitted with a thermometer.  
  
 +
It shows the temperature in Kelvin scale.
  
−
It shows the temperature in '''Kelvin scale'''.
+
Click on the black arrow to see the temperature in Celsius scale.
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
Click on the black arrow to see the temperature in '''Celsius scale'''.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the heat regulator.
 
|| Point to the heat regulator.
−
 
  
 
Drag the slider up and then down.
 
Drag the slider up and then down.
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|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the list.
 
|| Point to the list.
−
 
  
 
Point to the buttons.
 
Point to the buttons.
 
||  On the right-side of the screen, there is a list of '''Atoms & Molecules'''.
 
||  On the right-side of the screen, there is a list of '''Atoms & Molecules'''.
−
 
  
 
Below this list there are buttons for '''Solid''', '''Liquid''' and '''Gas'''.
 
Below this list there are buttons for '''Solid''', '''Liquid''' and '''Gas'''.
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|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the buttons.
 
|| Point to the buttons.
−
 
  
 
Point to the pause and play button.
 
Point to the pause and play button.
−
 
  
 
Point to small button.
 
Point to small button.
−
 
  
 
Cursor on the '''Reset''' button.
 
Cursor on the '''Reset''' button.
 
||  There are two buttons at the bottom-left corner of the simulation.
 
||  There are two buttons at the bottom-left corner of the simulation.
−
 
  
 
Bigger button to pause and play the simulation.
 
Bigger button to pause and play the simulation.
−
 
  
 
The smaller one to play the simulation step-wise.
 
The smaller one to play the simulation step-wise.
−
 
  
 
'''Reset''' button is at the bottom-right corner.
 
'''Reset''' button is at the bottom-right corner.
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|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the atoms in container.
 
|| Point to the atoms in container.
−
 
  
 
Click on '''Solid''' button.
 
Click on '''Solid''' button.
 
||  Container has '''Neon''' atoms.
 
||  Container has '''Neon''' atoms.
−
 
  
 
Click on '''Solid''' button.
 
Click on '''Solid''' button.
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|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the atoms.
 
|| Point to the atoms.
−
 
  
 
Cursor on the atoms.
 
Cursor on the atoms.
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||  Observe the screen.
 
||  Observe the screen.
  
−
 
+
In Solid, Neon particles are tightly packed.
−
In '''Solid Neon''', particles are tightly packed.
+
−
 
+
  
 
The movement of atoms is restricted.  
 
The movement of atoms is restricted.  
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Move the slider up on the heat regulator.
 
Move the slider up on the heat regulator.
−
 
  
 
Point to the atoms.
 
Point to the atoms.
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we can see movement in the atoms.
 
we can see movement in the atoms.
  
−
 
+
It indicates that Neon is in liquid state.
−
It indicates that '''Neon''' is in Liquid state.
+
  
 
Increase the temperature further.
 
Increase the temperature further.
  
−
''
 
 
The atoms are moving freely in the container.
 
The atoms are moving freely in the container.
  
−
 
+
Neon is in Gas phase.
−
'''Neon''' is in Gas phase.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the atoms in the container.
 
|| Point to the atoms in the container.
−
||  In the Gas phase, atoms move randomly with high speed.
+
||  In the gas phase, atoms move randomly with high speed.
−
 
+
  
 
Due to this random motion, atoms hit each other and walls of the container.  
 
Due to this random motion, atoms hit each other and walls of the container.  
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Click on '''Solid''' buttons.
 
Click on '''Solid''' buttons.
−
 
  
 
Point to thermometer.
 
Point to thermometer.
  
 
Point to the container.
 
Point to the container.
−
 
  
 
Click on '''Liquid''' button.
 
Click on '''Liquid''' button.
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Click on '''Gas''' button  
 
Click on '''Gas''' button  
−
 
  
 
Click on Reset button.
 
Click on Reset button.
 
||  Select '''Water''' molecules from the list.
 
||  Select '''Water''' molecules from the list.
−
 
  
 
Click on '''Solid''' button.
 
Click on '''Solid''' button.
−
 
  
 
Observe the temperature and movement of molecules in the container.
 
Observe the temperature and movement of molecules in the container.
−
 
  
 
Again click on '''Liquid''' button and observe molecules in the container.
 
Again click on '''Liquid''' button and observe molecules in the container.
−
 
  
 
Similarly click on '''Gas''' button.
 
Similarly click on '''Gas''' button.
  
−
 
+
Click on '''Reset''' button to reset the '''simulation'''.
−
Click on '''Reset''' button to reset the simulation.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the pressure gauge.
 
|| Point to the pressure gauge.
−
 
  
 
Point to the pump.
 
Point to the pump.
 
||  In this screen the container is fitted with a pressure gauge.
 
||  In this screen the container is fitted with a pressure gauge.
−
 
  
 
It is also fitted with a pump to pump in gas atoms or molecules.  
 
It is also fitted with a pump to pump in gas atoms or molecules.  
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|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the '''Interaction Potential curve'''.
 
|| Point to the '''Interaction Potential curve'''.
−
 
  
 
Point to the '''Phase Diagram curve'''.
 
Point to the '''Phase Diagram curve'''.
 
||  On the right-side of the screen we can see,  
 
||  On the right-side of the screen we can see,  
−
 
  
 
1. The '''Interaction Potential curve''' or the '''Lennard-Jones potential curve'''.  
 
1. The '''Interaction Potential curve''' or the '''Lennard-Jones potential curve'''.  
−
 
  
 
2. and '''Phase Diagram curve'''.
 
2. and '''Phase Diagram curve'''.
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|-
 
|-
 
|| Note the pressure and temperature.
 
|| Note the pressure and temperature.
−
 
  
 
Point to '''Phase Diagram'''.
 
Point to '''Phase Diagram'''.
 
||  Before you begin the experiment, note the initial pressure on the pressure gauge.
 
||  Before you begin the experiment, note the initial pressure on the pressure gauge.
−
 
  
 
Note the temperature on the thermometer.
 
Note the temperature on the thermometer.
  
−
 
+
Neon is in solid state, as denoted by a red dot on the '''Phase Diagram'''.
−
'''Neon''' is in solid state, as denoted by a red dot on the '''Phase Diagram'''.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
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Point to the '''Phase Diagram'''.
 
Point to the '''Phase Diagram'''.
−
||  Add more '''Neon''' atoms to the container by pushing the pump.
+
||  Add more Neon atoms to the container by pushing the pump.
  
 
As the collisions between particles increases, temperature and pressure increases.
 
As the collisions between particles increases, temperature and pressure increases.
  
−
 
+
Observe the '''Phase Diagram''', Neon is now in gas phase.  
−
Observe the '''Phase Diagram,''' '''Neon''' is now in Gas phase.  
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Press the lid downwards.
 
|| Press the lid downwards.
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Click on yellow '''Return Lid''' button.  
 
Click on yellow '''Return Lid''' button.  
−
||  At this point if you increase the pressure the lid blows off,
+
||  At this point if you increase the pressure the lid blows off.
  
 
This allows some of the atoms to escape out of the container.
 
This allows some of the atoms to escape out of the container.
Line 385: Line 333:
 
The temperature of the container now decreases.
 
The temperature of the container now decreases.
  
−
'''Neon''' is now in Liquid state.  
+
Neon is now in liquid state.  
  
 
Observe the pressure gauge, pressure also decreases.
 
Observe the pressure gauge, pressure also decreases.
Line 415: Line 363:
  
 
we can show the relation between, bonding distance and stability.
 
we can show the relation between, bonding distance and stability.
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Click and drag the atom to separate.
 
|| Click and drag the atom to separate.
−
 
  
 
Point to the '''Potential Energy''' curve.
 
Point to the '''Potential Energy''' curve.
 
||  Click and drag the atoms to separate them.
 
||  Click and drag the atoms to separate them.
−
 
  
 
Drag the movable atom away from pinned atom.
 
Drag the movable atom away from pinned atom.
−
 
  
 
Observe the '''Potential Energy''' curve as the atoms come closer.
 
Observe the '''Potential Energy''' curve as the atoms come closer.
−
 
  
 
Potential energy varies, when attractive and repulsive forces change between atoms.
 
Potential energy varies, when attractive and repulsive forces change between atoms.
Line 458: Line 401:
 
||  In this tutorial we have learnt,
 
||  In this tutorial we have learnt,
  
−
How to use '''States of Matter''' interactive PhET simulation.
+
How to use '''States of Matter''' interactive '''PhET simulation'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 464: Line 407:
  
 
'''Summary'''
 
'''Summary'''
−
|| Using this simulation we have learnt about,
+
|| Using this '''simulation''' we have learnt about,
  
 +
1. Characteristics of '''States of matter'''.
  
−
Characteristics of '''states of matter'''.
+
2. How variation in temperature or pressure changes the behavior of particles.
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
How variation in temperature or pressure changes the behavior of particles.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 479: Line 420:
  
 
Please download and watch it.
 
Please download and watch it.
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| '''Slide Number 14'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 14'''
  
 
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
 
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
−
||  The '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''team:
+
||  The Spoken Tutorial Project team:
  
 
conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
 
conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
Line 529: Line 469:
 
||  This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha Kaliappan and Meenal Ghoderao.
 
||  This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha Kaliappan and Meenal Ghoderao.
  
 +
Thank you for joining.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 18:10, 7 August 2018

Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1

Title Slide

Welcome to this spoken tutorial on States of Matter Simulation.
Slide Number 2

Learning Objectives

In this tutorial we will learn about-

States of Matter, an interactive PhET simulation.

Slide Number 3

Pre-requisites

To follow this tutorial

Learners should be familiar with topics in high school science.

Slide Number 4

System Requirement

Here I am using-

Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04

Java version 1.7.0

Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2

Slide Number 5

Learning Goals

Using this Simulation, students will be able to,

1. Describe the characteristics of states of matter.

2. Predict how change in temperature or pressure changes the behavior of particles.

3. Study melting, freezing and boiling points of different substances.

Slide Number 6

Learning Goals

4. Compare particles in three different phases.

5. Compare interactions between particles in solids, liquids and gases.

6. Study the relation between temperature and kinetic energy of molecules.

Slide Number 7

States-of-Matter

Matter around us exists in 3 states,

solid, liquid and gas.

These states arise due to intermolecular forces between the particles.

Change of state occurs, on the application of heat and pressure.

Now let us begin the simulation.
Slide Number 8

Link for PhET simulation

http://phet.colorado.edu

Use the given link to download the simulation.

http://phet.colorado.edu

Point to the file in Downloads folder. I have already downloaded States of Matter simulation to my Downloads folder.
Right click on States-of-Matter html file.

Select Open with Firefox Web Browser option.

Point to the browser address.

To open the simulation, right click on States-of-Matter html file.

Select Open with Firefox Web Browser option.

File opens in the browser.

Point to the screens. The simulation opens with 3 screens.

States, Phase changes and Interaction.

Click on States screen.

Point to the screen.

Click on States screen.

Screen has a container filled with Neon atoms by default.

Point to the thermometer.

Point to the Kelvin scale.

Click on the black arrow.

Point to the Celsius scale.

The container is also fitted with a thermometer.

It shows the temperature in Kelvin scale.

Click on the black arrow to see the temperature in Celsius scale.

Point to the heat regulator.

Drag the slider up and then down.

Below the container there is a heat regulator, to Heat or Cool the system.

Drag and hold the slider up to heat the container.

Drag and hold the slider down to cool the container.

Point to the list.

Point to the buttons.

On the right-side of the screen, there is a list of Atoms & Molecules.

Below this list there are buttons for Solid, Liquid and Gas.

Point to the buttons.

Point to the pause and play button.

Point to small button.

Cursor on the Reset button.

There are two buttons at the bottom-left corner of the simulation.

Bigger button to pause and play the simulation.

The smaller one to play the simulation step-wise.

Reset button is at the bottom-right corner.

Cursor on the screen. Here, we can heat or cool the atoms or molecules to see the phase change.
Point to the atoms in container.

Click on Solid button.

Container has Neon atoms.

Click on Solid button.

Point to the atoms.

Cursor on the atoms.

Observe the screen.

In Solid, Neon particles are tightly packed.

The movement of atoms is restricted.

The vibrations are minimum.

Cursor on the heat regulator. Increase the temperature by moving the slider up on the heat regulator.
Move the slider up on the heat regulator.

Point to the thermometer.

Move the slider up on the heat regulator.

Point to the atoms.

Increase the temperature up to 27 K.

we can see movement in the atoms.

It indicates that Neon is in liquid state.

Increase the temperature further.

The atoms are moving freely in the container.

Neon is in Gas phase.

Point to the atoms in the container. In the gas phase, atoms move randomly with high speed.

Due to this random motion, atoms hit each other and walls of the container.

Click on the Reset button. Click on Reset button to reset the simulation.
Select Water molecules from the list.

Click on Solid buttons.

Point to thermometer.

Point to the container.

Click on Liquid button.

Point to the molecules in the container.

Click on Gas button

Click on Reset button.

Select Water molecules from the list.

Click on Solid button.

Observe the temperature and movement of molecules in the container.

Again click on Liquid button and observe molecules in the container.

Similarly click on Gas button.

Click on Reset button to reset the simulation.

Click on Phase Changes screen. Next, click on Phase Changes screen at the bottom of the interface.
Cursor on the screen. Using this screen we can explore how the atoms or molecules behave,

when the system is heated, cooled, compressed or when more atoms are added.

Point to the pressure gauge.

Point to the pump.

In this screen the container is fitted with a pressure gauge.

It is also fitted with a pump to pump in gas atoms or molecules.

Point to the Interaction Potential curve.

Point to the Phase Diagram curve.

On the right-side of the screen we can see,

1. The Interaction Potential curve or the Lennard-Jones potential curve.

2. and Phase Diagram curve.

Note the pressure and temperature.

Point to Phase Diagram.

Before you begin the experiment, note the initial pressure on the pressure gauge.

Note the temperature on the thermometer.

Neon is in solid state, as denoted by a red dot on the Phase Diagram.

Click on finger, hold the mouse and drag down. Increase the pressure, by pushing the finger down slowly.

Click on finger, hold the mouse and drag down slowly.

Point to the temperature and pressure gauge. Observe the temperature and pressure as the lid touches the molecules.
Point the red dot on the phase diagram. As pressure increases, kinetic energy of molecules increases.

Observe the red dot on the Phase Diagram.

Place the mouse on the pump handle and drag up and down.

Point to the temperature and pressure gauge.

Point to the Phase Diagram.

Add more Neon atoms to the container by pushing the pump.

As the collisions between particles increases, temperature and pressure increases.

Observe the Phase Diagram, Neon is now in gas phase.

Press the lid downwards.

Point to the atoms.

Click on yellow Return Lid button.

At this point if you increase the pressure the lid blows off.

This allows some of the atoms to escape out of the container.

To replace the lid click on yellow Return Lid button.

Drag the temperature regulator down.

Point to thermometer, pressure gauge and phase diagram.

Drag the temperature regulator down to cooling position.

The temperature of the container now decreases.

Neon is now in liquid state.

Observe the pressure gauge, pressure also decreases.

Move the slider down on the heat regulator.


Point to the Phase Diagram.

Cool the container until the phase changes to solid.

Keep track of the red dot on the Phase Diagram.

Click on Argon, Oxygen, Water. Similarly observe the phase change for other Atoms and Molecules in the list.
Click on the Interaction screen at the bottom of the interface . Click on the Interaction screen at the bottom of the interface.
Point to the graph. This screen shows a plot of Potential Energy versus Distance Between Atoms.
Cursor on the screen. Using this screen,

we can show the relation between, bonding distance and stability.

Click and drag the atom to separate.

Point to the Potential Energy curve.

Click and drag the atoms to separate them.

Drag the movable atom away from pinned atom.

Observe the Potential Energy curve as the atoms come closer.

Potential energy varies, when attractive and repulsive forces change between atoms.

Slide Number 9

Assignment

As an assignment.

In Phase Changes screen, Select Adjustable Attraction from Atoms & Molecules list.

Use the slider to change Interaction Strength from weak to strong.

And study the effect of temperature and pressure on these molecules.

Slide Number 10

Assignment

Using Phase Changes screen,

Determine which substance has strongest inter atomic or molecular forces.

Slide Number 11

Summary

In this tutorial we have learnt,

How to use States of Matter interactive PhET simulation.

Slide Number 12

Summary

Using this simulation we have learnt about,

1. Characteristics of States of matter.

2. How variation in temperature or pressure changes the behavior of particles.

Slide Number 13

About Spoken Tutorial project

The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

Slide Number 14

Spoken Tutorial workshops

The Spoken Tutorial Project team:

conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

Slide Number 15

Forum for specific questions:

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly

Someone from our team will answer them.


Please post your timed queries in this forum.
Slide Number 16

Acknowledgements

This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.
Slide Number 17

Acknowledgement

Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.

This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha Kaliappan and Meenal Ghoderao.

Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Meenalghoderao

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