Difference between revisions of "KTurtle/C2/Grammar-of-TurtleScript/English"

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Title of the tutorial: Grammar-of-TurtleScript
 +
 +
Author: ITfC Bangaluru
 +
 +
Key words: Grammar of Turtle script, if-else condition, Comments, Commands, Numbers, Strings, Variables, Boolean values, strings and video tutorial.
 +
 
{|border =1
 
{|border =1
 
!Visual Cue
 
!Visual Cue
Line 13: Line 19:
  
 
'''Learning Objectives'''  
 
'''Learning Objectives'''  
−
||In this tutorial, we will learn  
+
||In this tutorial, we will learn about
  
 
* Grammar of Turtle script  and
 
* Grammar of Turtle script  and
Line 55: Line 61:
  
 
>>type kTurtle >>press enter to open
 
>>type kTurtle >>press enter to open
−
||We  can also open  KTurtle Application from the '''Terminal.'''
+
||We  can also open  KTurtle using '''Terminal.'''
  
 
Press '''CTRL+ALT+T''' simultaneously to open the '''Terminal'''.
 
Press '''CTRL+ALT+T''' simultaneously to open the '''Terminal'''.
 
   
 
   
−
Type '''KTurtle'''  and press enter '''KTurtle'''. Application opens
+
Type '''KTurtle'''  and press enter   to open the '''KTurtle''' Application.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Slide Number 5
 
||Slide Number 5
  
 
Turtle Script
 
Turtle Script
−
||First I will explain about '''TurtleScript'''
+
||Let's first look at '''TurtleScript'''
  
 
* '''TurtleScript''' is a programming language  
 
* '''TurtleScript''' is a programming language  
Line 75: Line 81:
  
 
'''Grammar of TurtleScript'''
 
'''Grammar of TurtleScript'''
−
||'''Grammar of TurtleScript''' in''' KTurtle''' includes-  
+
||'''Grammar of TurtleScript''' in ''' KTurtle''' includes-  
  
 
* Comments
 
* Comments
Line 108: Line 114:
 
||First  let's look at variables.  
 
||First  let's look at variables.  
  
−
Variables are words that start with a ‘$’, for example $a.
+
Variables are words that start with ‘$’ sign, for example $a.
  
−
In the editor they are highlighted with '''purple'''.  
+
In the editor they are highlighted in '''purple''' color.  
  
 
Using the assignment, equal to (=), a variable is given its content.  
 
Using the assignment, equal to (=), a variable is given its content.  
Line 118: Line 124:
 
strings '''$a=hello''' or  
 
strings '''$a=hello''' or  
  
−
boolean values that is true or false '''$a=true'''
+
boolean values that is true or false '''$a=true'''
  
−
Variable keeps the content until program finishes execution or until it is reassigned to something else.  
+
Variable keeps the content until program finishes execution or until it is reassigned to something else.  
  
−
You can use variables, once assigned, just as if they are their content.
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
−
||For example, consider the code typed in the editor.
+
||For example, consider the code.
  
 
'''$a = 2004'''  
 
'''$a = 2004'''  
Line 138: Line 143:
 
Variable 'b' is assigned a value '''25'''  
 
Variable 'b' is assigned a value '''25'''  
  
−
'''print''' command commands Turtle to write something on the canvas.  
+
'''print''' command, commands Turtle to write something on the canvas.  
  
−
'''print'''  command takes numbers and strings as input.  
+
'''print'''  command, takes numbers and strings as input.  
  
 
'''print $a + $b'''  commands '''Turtle''' to add two values and display them on the canvas.
 
'''print $a + $b'''  commands '''Turtle''' to add two values and display them on the canvas.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Run the code
 
||Run the code
−
||Let's Run the code '''slow''' speed.
+
||Let's Run the code in '''slow''' speed.
  
 
Value '''2029''' is displayed on the canvas
 
Value '''2029''' is displayed on the canvas
Line 163: Line 168:
  
 
* '''/''' (Division)
 
* '''/''' (Division)
 +
|-
 +
||Clear code
 +
|| I will clear the current code from editor and type '''clear''' command and '''RUN''' to clean the canvas
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
 
||I already have a program in a text editor.  
 
||I already have a program in a text editor.  
 +
|-
 +
||
 +
||I will Explain the code now
 +
|-
 +
||Highlight''' reset'''
 +
||'''“reset”''' command sets Turtle to its '''default''' position
 +
|-
 +
||Highlight '''canvassize 200,200'''
 +
 +
||'''canvassize 200,200''' fixes the width and height of the canvas to 200 pixels each.
 +
|-
 +
||Highlight '''$add = 1 + 1'''
 +
|| value '''1+1''' is assigned to the variable''' $add,'''
 +
|-
 +
||Highlight''' $subtract = 20 – 5'''
 +
||Value '''20-5''' is assigned to variable '''$subtract''',
 +
|-
 +
||Highlight''' $multiply = 15 * 2'''
 +
||value '''15 * 2''' is be assigned to the variable '''$multiply.'''
 +
|-
 +
||Highlight $divide = 30 /30
 +
||'''30/30''' is assigned to the variable '''$divide.'''
 +
|-
 +
||Highlight '''go 10,10'''
 +
||'''go 10,10''' commands to '''Turtle''' to go 10 pixels left of canvas and 10 pixels from top of canvas
 +
|-
 +
||Highlight '''print''' commands
 +
||'''print''' command displays the varible on the canvas
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
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Resume the tutorial after typing the program
 
Resume the tutorial after typing the program
−
|-
 
−
||
 
−
||I will Explain the code now
 
−
|-
 
−
||Highlight''' reset'''
 
−
||'''“reset”''' command sets Turtle to its '''default''' position
 
−
|-
 
−
||Highlight '''canvassize 200,200'''
 
−
 
−
||'''canvassize 200,200''' fix the width and height of the canvas to 200 pixels each.
 
−
|-
 
−
||Highlight '''$add = 1 + 1'''
 
−
|| value '''1+1''' is assigned to the variable''' $add,'''
 
−
|-
 
−
||Highlight''' $subtract = 20 – 5'''
 
−
||Value '''20-5''' is assigned to variable '''$subtract''',
 
−
|-
 
−
||Highlight''' $multiply = 15 * 2'''
 
−
||value '''15 * 2''' is be assigned to the variable '''$multiply.'''
 
−
|-
 
−
||Highlight $divide = 30 /30
 
−
||'''30/30''' is assigned to the variable '''$divide.'''
 
−
|-
 
−
||Highlight '''go 10,10'''
 
−
||'''go 10,10''' commands to '''Turtle''' to go 10 pixels left of canvas and 10 pixels from top of canvas
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Run code
 
||Run code
  
 
Point to the values
 
Point to the values
−
||Let us now run this code in slow speed
+
||Let us click on '''Run''' button to run the program
  
−
Command which is getting executed is highlighted in the editor.
+
Command which is getting executed is highlighted on the editor.
  
 
'''Turtle''' displays the values on the canvas at the specified positions.  
 
'''Turtle''' displays the values on the canvas at the specified positions.  
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
−
||Let us consider a simple example for using the '''comparison operator''' .
+
||Let us consider a simple example for using '''comparison operator''' .
  
 
Type the commands being shown on the screen.
 
Type the commands being shown on the screen.
 +
|-
 +
||Clear code
 +
|| I will clear the current code from editor and type '''clear''' command and '''RUN''' to clean the canvas
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| zoom  text
 
|| zoom  text
−
||I will  zoom the text to have clear view
+
||I will  zoom the progrm text to have clear view
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Switch to Kturtle Window
 
||Switch to Kturtle Window
−
||'''$answer = 10 > 3'''
+
||Let's type
 +
 
 +
'''$answer = 10 > 3'''
  
 
'''print $answer'''
 
'''print $answer'''
Line 254: Line 270:
 
The result of this comparison, the '''boolean value true''' is stored in the  
 
The result of this comparison, the '''boolean value true''' is stored in the  
  
−
variable '''$answer''' and the value '''true''' is displayed.
+
variable '''$answer''' and the value '''true''' is displayed on the canvas.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Run the code
 
||Run the code
−
||Let's run this code  
+
||Let's run the code now
  
−
'''Turtle''' has displayed '''Boolean value true''' on the canvas.
+
'''Turtle''' displays '''Boolean value true''' on the canvas.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||'''Slide Number 9'''
 
||'''Slide Number 9'''
Line 272: Line 288:
 
* Strings are highlighted in red color  
 
* Strings are highlighted in red color  
  
−
*KTurtle identifies a line in double quote as a string
+
*KTurtle identifies a line in double quotes as a string
 
|-
 
|-
 
||clear code
 
||clear code
−
||I will clear the current code from editor.
+
||I will clear the current code from editor.type '''clear''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas
−
|-
+
−
||Example of string
+
−
||For example:I am typing the print command followed by a string,
+
−
 
+
−
'''“Hello”'''.
+
−
 
+
−
We See that the string is highlighted in '''Red color'''.
+
−
|-
+
−
||Run code
+
−
||When I run this piece of code, the turtle displays the string on the canvas.
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Boolean Values  
 
||Boolean Values  
−
||Next I will explain about Boolean values.
+
||Now I will explain about Boolean values.
  
 
There are only two '''boolean''' values: '''true''' and '''false.'''  
 
There are only two '''boolean''' values: '''true''' and '''false.'''  
Line 294: Line 300:
 
||
 
||
 
||For example  Let's type the code  
 
||For example  Let's type the code  
−
 
−
'''`if-else' Condition'''
 
  
 
'''$answer = 7<5'''
 
'''$answer = 7<5'''
Line 301: Line 305:
 
'''print $answer'''  
 
'''print $answer'''  
  
−
'''Boolean''' value '''false''' is displayed on the canvas.
+
'''Boolean value false''' is assigned to variable''' $answer''' because 7 is greater than 5
 +
|-
 +
||Run code
 +
||Let's Run the code now
  
−
'''Boolean value false''' is assigned to variable''' $answer''' because 7 is larger than 5
+
'''Turtle''' diplays '''Boolean''' value '''false''' on the canvas.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||“if-else” conditon.
 
||“if-else” conditon.
Line 312: Line 319:
 
‘else’ condition is executed only if the ‘if’  
 
‘else’ condition is executed only if the ‘if’  
 
condition is ‘false’ .
 
condition is ‘false’ .
 +
|-
 +
||clear code
 +
||I will clear the current code from editor.type '''clear''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
−
||I already have a program in a text editor.  
+
||I already have a code in a text file.
 +
|-
 +
||Highlight the code
 +
||This code compares  numbers 4 , 5 and 6 and  displays the results accordingly on the canvas.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||'''reset'''
 
||'''reset'''
Line 337: Line 350:
  
 
'''go 0,0'''
 
'''go 0,0'''
−
|| I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle''' editor.
+
||I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle''' editor.
  
 
Pause the tutorial and type the program into '''KTurtle''' editor.
 
Pause the tutorial and type the program into '''KTurtle''' editor.
Line 343: Line 356:
 
Resume the tutorial after typing the program
 
Resume the tutorial after typing the program
 
|-
 
|-
−
||
+
 
−
||This code compares  numbers 4 , 5 and 6 and  displays the results accordingly.
+
−
|-
+
 
||Run code
 
||Run code
−
||Let me now run this code.
+
||Let's Run the code now
  
−
'''Turtle''' has compared the variables 4 and 5.
+
the '''Turtle''' has compared the values 4 and 5.
  
−
and displayed the  result 4 is smaller than 6 on the canvas .  
+
and has displayed the  result 4 is smaller than 6 on the canvas .  
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
Line 360: Line 371:
 
||'''Slide Number 10'''
 
||'''Slide Number 10'''
 
'''Summary'''
 
'''Summary'''
−
||In this tutorial, we have learnt about  
+
||In this tutorial, we have learnt about  
  
 
* Grammar of Turtle script  and
 
* Grammar of Turtle script  and
Line 371: Line 382:
 
||Now to the assignment part.
 
||Now to the assignment part.
  
−
'''Solve an equation using
+
'''Solve an equation using'''
−
'''
+
 
 
* if - else condition
 
* if - else condition
  
Line 385: Line 396:
 
To solve the assignment
 
To solve the assignment
  
−
*Choose any four random numbers
+
* Choose any four random numbers
  
−
*Multiply two sets of random numbers
+
* Multiply two sets of random numbers
  
−
*Compare the results using the comparison operators
+
* Compare the results using the comparison operators
  
−
*Display the results  
+
* Display the results  
  
−
*Display greater result at center of the canvas  
+
* Display greater result at center of the canvas  
  
−
*You can choose any equation which you like.  
+
* You can choose any equation which you like.  
 
|-
 
|-
 
||'''Slide number 13'''  
 
||'''Slide number 13'''  
Line 429: Line 440:
 
'''http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ]'''  
 
'''http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ]'''  
  
−
Script is contributed by ITfC Bangaluru.
+
The Script is contributed by '''ITfC Bangaluru.'''
  
−
This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay  signing off Thank you for joining.
+
This is Madhuri Ganpathi from '''IIT Bombay''' signing off Thank you for joining.
 
|-
 
|-

Latest revision as of 15:38, 18 December 2013

Title of the tutorial: Grammar-of-TurtleScript

Author: ITfC Bangaluru

Key words: Grammar of Turtle script, if-else condition, Comments, Commands, Numbers, Strings, Variables, Boolean values, strings and video tutorial.

Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1

Title slide

Hello everybody.

Welcome to this tutorial on Grammar of TurtleScript in KTurtle.

Slide Number 2

Learning Objectives

In this tutorial, we will learn about
  • Grammar of Turtle script and
  • 'if'-'else' condition
Slide Number 3

System Requirement

To record this tutorial I am using,

Ubuntu Linux OS version. 12.04.

KTurtle version. 0.8.1 beta.

Slide Number 4

Pre-requisites

We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle

If not,

for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.

http://spoken-tutorial.org

Switch to KTurtle Application

Dash home >>In the Search bar

type KTurtle click on the KTurtle icon.

Let's open a new KTurtle Application.

Click on Dash home.

In the Search bar, type KTurtle.

Click on the KTurtle icon.

Press CTRL+ALT+T >> open the Terminal

>>type kTurtle >>press enter to open

We can also open KTurtle using Terminal.

Press CTRL+ALT+T simultaneously to open the Terminal.

Type KTurtle and press enter to open the KTurtle Application.

Slide Number 5

Turtle Script

Let's first look at TurtleScript
  • TurtleScript is a programming language
  • It has different types of words and symbols used for various purposes
  • It instructs Turtle what to do
Slide Number 6

Grammar of TurtleScript

Grammar of TurtleScript in KTurtle includes-
  • Comments
  • Commands
  • Numbers
  • Strings
  • Variables and
  • Boolean values
Slide Number 7

Numbers

Now we will see where to store numbers

Numbers can be stored in

  • Mathematical operators
  • Comparison operators and
  • Variables
Zoom text I will zoom the program text for clear view.
Switch to KTurtle window First let's look at variables.

Variables are words that start with ‘$’ sign, for example $a.

In the editor they are highlighted in purple color.

Using the assignment, equal to (=), a variable is given its content.

Variables can contain numbers $a=100.

strings $a=hello or

boolean values that is true or false $a=true

Variable keeps the content until program finishes execution or until it is reassigned to something else.

For example, consider the code.

$a = 2004

$b = 25

print $a + $b

Variable 'a' is assigned a value 2004.

Variable 'b' is assigned a value 25

print command, commands Turtle to write something on the canvas.

print command, takes numbers and strings as input.

print $a + $b commands Turtle to add two values and display them on the canvas.

Run the code Let's Run the code in slow speed.

Value 2029 is displayed on the canvas

Slide Number 8

Mathematical operators

Let us next see the Mathematical Operators.

Mathematical operators include,

  • + (Addition)
  • - (Subtraction)
  • * (Multiplcation)
  • / (Division)
Clear code I will clear the current code from editor and type clear command and RUN to clean the canvas
I already have a program in a text editor.
I will Explain the code now
Highlight reset “reset” command sets Turtle to its default position
Highlight canvassize 200,200 canvassize 200,200 fixes the width and height of the canvas to 200 pixels each.
Highlight $add = 1 + 1 value 1+1 is assigned to the variable $add,
Highlight $subtract = 20 – 5 Value 20-5 is assigned to variable $subtract,
Highlight $multiply = 15 * 2 value 15 * 2 is be assigned to the variable $multiply.
Highlight $divide = 30 /30 30/30 is assigned to the variable $divide.
Highlight go 10,10 go 10,10 commands to Turtle to go 10 pixels left of canvas and 10 pixels from top of canvas
Highlight print commands print command displays the varible on the canvas

reset

canvassize 200,200

$add = 1 + 1

$subtract = 20 – 5

$multiply = 15 * 2

$divide = 30 /30

go 10,10

print $add

go 50,50

print $subtract

go 100,100 print $multiply

go 175,175

print $divide

go 0,0

I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle editor.

Pause the tutorial and type the program into KTurtle editor.

Resume the tutorial after typing the program

Run code

Point to the values

Let us click on Run button to run the program

Command which is getting executed is highlighted on the editor.

Turtle displays the values on the canvas at the specified positions.

Let us consider a simple example for using comparison operator .

Type the commands being shown on the screen.

Clear code I will clear the current code from editor and type clear command and RUN to clean the canvas
zoom text I will zoom the progrm text to have clear view
Switch to Kturtle Window Let's type

$answer = 10 > 3

print $answer

Here 10 is compared to 3 with the ’greater than’ operator.

The result of this comparison, the boolean value true is stored in the

variable $answer and the value true is displayed on the canvas.

Run the code Let's run the code now

Turtle displays Boolean value true on the canvas.

Slide Number 9

Strings

Now lets see how Strings work in this application –
  • Strings can be put in variables like numbers
  • Strings cannot be used in mathematical or comparison operators
  • Strings are highlighted in red color
  • KTurtle identifies a line in double quotes as a string
clear code I will clear the current code from editor.type clear command and Run to clean the canvas
Boolean Values Now I will explain about Boolean values.

There are only two boolean values: true and false.

For example Let's type the code

$answer = 7<5

print $answer

Boolean value false is assigned to variable $answer because 7 is greater than 5

Run code Let's Run the code now

Turtle diplays Boolean value false on the canvas.

“if-else” conditon. Let's next learn about “if-else” conditon.

‘if’ condition is executed only if the boolean value evaluates ‘true’

‘else’ condition is executed only if the ‘if’ condition is ‘false’ .

clear code I will clear the current code from editor.type clear command and Run to clean the canvas
I already have a code in a text file.
Highlight the code This code compares numbers 4 , 5 and 6 and displays the results accordingly on the canvas.
reset

$x=4

if $x>5 {

print $x

print “is greater than five”

}

else {

print $x

print “is smaller than six”

}

go 0,0

I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle editor.

Pause the tutorial and type the program into KTurtle editor.

Resume the tutorial after typing the program

Run code Let's Run the code now

the Turtle has compared the values 4 and 5.

and has displayed the result 4 is smaller than 6 on the canvas .

With this we come to the end of this tutorial.

Let's summarize.

Slide Number 10

Summary

In this tutorial, we have learnt about
  • Grammar of Turtle script and
  • ‘if-else’ condition
Slide Number 11

Assignment

Now to the assignment part.

Solve an equation using

  • if - else condition
  • Mathematical and comparision operators
  • Display the results using “print” and “go” commands.
Slide Number 12

Assignment

To solve the assignment

  • Choose any four random numbers
  • Multiply two sets of random numbers
  • Compare the results using the comparison operators
  • Display the results
  • Display greater result at center of the canvas
  • You can choose any equation which you like.
Slide number 13

Acknowledgement

Watch the video available at this URL

http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial

It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

Slide Number 14 The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :

Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

Gives certificates to those who pass an online test

For more details, please write to

contact@spoken-tutorial.org

Slide number 15 Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project

It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India

More information on this Mission is available at this link

http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ]

The Script is contributed by ITfC Bangaluru.

This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay signing off Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Madhurig

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