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− | '''Title of script: Introduction to Xcos'''
| + | {| border=1 |
| + | ! <center>Visual Cue </center> |
| + | ! <center>Narration</center> |
| | | |
− | '''Author: Shalini S''' | + | |- |
| + | |Introduction Slide |
| + | |Welcome to the spoken tutorial on''' Xcos: Scilab Connected Object Simulator.''' |
| | | |
− | '''Keywords: '''
| |
| | | |
| + | '''Xcos''' is a '''Scilab package''' for modeling and simulation of dynamical systems. |
| | | |
| | | |
− | {| style="border-spacing:0;"
| + | It includes both '''continuous''' and '''discrete''' systems. |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0139in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Visual Cue''' | + | |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>
| + | |- |
| + | |Slide |
| + | |In this tutorial you will learn |
| + | |
| + | * What is '''XCOS'''. |
| + | * What is '''palette'''. |
| + | * Build block diagrams in '''Xcos''' |
| + | * Setup the parameters of blocks. |
| + | * Setup the simulation parameters. |
| + | * Simulate the constructed block diagram. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Introduction Slide''' | + | | Slide |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Xcos (Scilab Connected Object Simulator). ''' | + | | To practice this tutorial, Scilab should be installed on your system. |
| | | |
− | '''Xcos is a Scilab package for modeling and simulation of dynamical systems. '''
| |
| | | |
− | '''It includes both continuous and discrete systems.'''
| + | I am using Ubuntu Linux 12.04 and Scilab version 5.3.3 for demonstration. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Slide''' | + | | Open Scilab |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Objective:'''
| + | | Open the '''Scilab console''' window on your computer. |
| | | |
− | '''What is XCOS.'''
| |
| | | |
− | '''What is palette.''' | + | Go to applications and select '''Xcos''' |
| | | |
− | '''To collect the blocks from the palette and connect them to construct the block diagram.'''
| + | OR |
| | | |
− | '''Set the parameters of different blocks.''' | + | Type “xcos” in your '''Scilab console''' window and press '''Enter''' |
| | | |
− | '''To setup the simulation parameters.'''
| + | |- |
| + | |Palette |
| + | |By doing this, two windows will open. |
| | | |
− | '''Simulate the constructed block diagram.''' | + | |
| + | The two windows are |
| + | # '''Palette browser''' and |
| + | # '''Untitled-Xcos''' window |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | In '''Palette browser''', you will find different types of blocks |
| + | * '''Commonly Used Blocks''' |
| + | * '''Continuous time system blocks''' |
| + | * '''Discrete time systems blocks''' |
| + | * and many more. |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | The other window, '''Untitled-Xcos''' is blank, with grids. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Slide''' | + | |Collecting the blocks from different Pallete |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''To practice this tutorial, Scilab 5.x version should be installed on your system. '''
| + | |We will now simulate a '''first order system''' with a''' step input'''. |
− | '''I am using Mac OS/X and Scilab 5.2.2 version for demonstration''' | + | |
| + | |
| + | To begin, I will select a '''transfer function block''' from the '''Continuous time systems palette'''. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Open Scilab''' | + | |As per narration |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"|
| + | |Drag this block to the '''Untitled-Xcos''' window. |
− | '''Open the scilab console window, ''' | + | |
| | | |
− | '''type “xcos” in console and press enter ''' | + | |- |
| + | |As per narration |
| + | |Select the required source in the '''Sources palette'''. |
| | | |
− | '''or go to the applications and select Xcos.''' | + | |
| + | I will scroll down and use the '''STEP FUNCTION block'''. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Palette''' | + | |As per narration |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''By doing this, two windows will open up'''
| + | |I will drag and place it before the '''transfer function block.''' |
| | | |
− | '''1 Palette browser''' | + | |- |
| + | |As per narration |
| + | |Similarly, the output is displayed using the '''CSCOPE block''', which is available in '''Sinks palette.''' |
| | | |
− | '''2 Untitled-Xcos'''
| |
| | | |
− | '''In palette browser you will find different types of blocks ''' | + | The '''CSCOPE block''' is placed after the '''transfer function block.''' |
| | | |
− | * '''Commonly Used Blocks'''
| + | |- |
− | * '''Continuous time systems'''
| + | |Point to the red input port. |
− | * '''Discrete time systems'''<br/> '''And many more.'''
| + | |The red input port in '''CSCOPE''' denotes that this block is an '''“event driven” block.''' |
| | | |
− | '''The other window: Untitled-Xcos is blank with grids''' | + | |- |
| + | |As per narration |
| + | |It needs an '''event''' input for execution. |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | An '''event generator block''' is available in the '''Event handling palette.''' |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | The name of this block is '''Clock underscore c'''. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Xcos window''' | + | |As per narration |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Let us start with simulating a first-order system with step input. ''' | + | |Drag and place this block above the CSCOPE block. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Collecting the blocks from different Pallete''' | + | | |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''We will now study a first order system and its step response.'''
| + | |We have collected all the required blocks to do the simulation. |
| | | |
− | '''To begin I will select a transfer function block from the Continuous time systems palette.'''
| + | |- |
| + | |Connect as per narration |
| + | |Let us now connect the blocks together. |
| | | |
− | '''Now drag the block to the Untitled-Xcos window. '''
| |
| | | |
− | '''Select the 'Input' available in the Sources palette.''' | + | Select the '''output port''' of '''step function block''' and connect it to the '''input port''' of the '''transfer function block.''' |
| | | |
− | '''Drag and place it before the transfer function block. ''' | + | |- |
| + | |Point to the green input port. |
| + | |Notice that the selected '''input port''' gets highlighted in green colour. |
| | | |
− | '''Similarly, the output is taken into the csope which is available in Sinks palette. '''
| + | |- |
| + | |As per narration |
| + | |Similarly, connect the remaining blocks as shown. |
| | | |
− | '''The CSCOPE is placed after the transfer function block. '''
| + | |- |
| + | |Changing the parameter of step block |
| + | |Now we will set the parameters of each block. |
| | | |
− | '''The red input port in csope denotes that this block is a so-called “event driven” block. ''' | + | |- |
| + | |Double-click on step block |
| + | |First, go to the '''step block''' and double-click on it. |
| | | |
− | '''It needs an event input for execution. ''' | + | |- |
| + | |Point the options in the Pop-up window |
| + | |A pop up window appears, asking for the value of '''Step Time, Initial Value''' and '''Final Value'''. |
| | | |
− | '''Therefore, clock is needed which is available in event handling palette. ''' | + | |- |
| + | |Point to Step Time |
| + | |'''Step Time''' is the time at which the '''step change''' will occur. |
| | | |
− | '''Drag and place the clock above the CSCOPE block. '''
| |
| | | |
− | '''Select the output port of one block and connect it to the input of the next block. '''
| + | We will keep it as 1, which is the default value. |
| | | |
− | '''Notice that the selected input port gets highlighted in green colour. ''' | + | |- |
| + | | |
| + | |'''Initial Value''' is the initial output value of the '''step function'''. |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | We will keep it as 0, which is the default value. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Changing the parameter of step block''' | + | | |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Now to set parameters of each block. '''
| + | |'''Final Value''' is the output of the '''step function''', after the '''Step Time''' is lapsed. |
| | | |
− | '''Firstly, go to the step block and double click on it. '''
| + | We will change it to 2. |
| | | |
− | '''A pop up window appears asking for the following.''' | + | Click on '''OK'''. |
| | | |
− | '''Step time:- the time at which step will start (default 1)'''
| + | |- |
| + | |Changing the parameter of Transfer function block |
| + | |Follow the similar procedure to configure any other block. |
| | | |
− | '''Initial value:- the initial value of the step function (default 0)''' | + | |- |
| + | |As per narration |
| + | |For '''transfer function block,''' the following configuration is required. |
| | | |
− | '''Final value:- the final amplitude of the step function (I am going to change it as 20).'''
| |
| | | |
− | '''Click on OK.''' | + | '''Numerator''' value in''' laplace domain''' has to be entered. |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | We will keep it as 1, which is the default value. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Changing the parameter of Transfer function block''' | + | |As per narration |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Follow the similar procedure to configure any other configurable block.'''
| + | |'''Denominator''' value in '''laplace domain''' has to entered. |
| | | |
− | '''For transfer function block, the following configuration is required.''' | + | We will change it to '''2 asteric s plus 1'''. |
| | | |
− | '''1. numerator:- numerator of the transfer function (default is 1)''' | + | Click on '''OK'''. |
| | | |
− | '''2. denominator:- denominator of the transfer function (default is : 1+s)''' | + | |- |
| + | |Changing the parameter of scope |
| + | |Double click on '''CSCOPE block,''' to configure the following parameters. |
| | | |
− | '''Give some values according to your need For eg: I am going to change some values as shown.'''
| + | |- |
| + | | |
| | | |
− | '''Click on OK.''' | + | Set Ymin to 0. |
| + | |The value of''' Ymin''' and '''Ymax''' should be set, depending on the range of the value, of the variable to be plotted. |
| + | |
| + | Set the value of '''Ymin''' to 0. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Changing the parameter of scope''' | + | | |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Double click on CSCOPE to configure for the following parameters'''
| + | |
| | | |
− | '''y min : min value of y axis'''
| |
| | | |
− | '''y max: max value of y axis''' | + | Set Ymax to 3. |
| + | |Since I have given '''step input''' as 2, to display the output on graph, I should change the '''Ymax''' to any higher value. |
| | | |
− | '''Since I have given step amplitude as 20, to display it on graph I should change the y max to any higher value, for example, 25.'''
| + | We will change it to 3. |
| | | |
− | '''Keep the other parameters unchanged.''' | + | |- |
| + | | |
| + | |Make a mental note of the default value of the '''refresh period'''. |
| | | |
− | '''Click on OK'''
| + | |
| + | The default value is 30. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Changing the set up parameters''' | + | | |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Now go to simulation in menu bar and click on setup. '''
| + | |We will keep the other parameters unchanged. |
| | | |
− | '''A pop up window appears.'''
| |
| | | |
− | '''Make the following changes. ''' | + | Click on '''OK'''. |
| | | |
− | '''final integration time:- up-to what time your simulation will run (default is 1.0E05) which means 1 times 10^5, i.e. 1,00,000 amount of time the simulation will run. '''
| + | |- |
| + | |Changing the set up parameters |
| + | |Now go to the '''Simulation''' in menu bar and click on '''Setup'''. |
| | | |
− | '''Now I am going to change it to 30.''' | + | |- |
| + | |Pop up window. |
| + | |A pop up window appears. |
| + | |
| + | |- |
| + | |Point to Final integration time |
| + | |We will change the value of '''Final integration time'''. |
| | | |
− | '''Keep the other parameters unchanged.'''
| |
| | | |
− | '''Click on OK.''' | + | '''Final integration time''' decides how long the simulation will run. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''saving the Xcos file''' | + | | |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Now press Ctrl+s to save the file. '''
| + | |Recall the value of '''refresh period''' of the''' CSCOPE block.''' |
| | | |
− | '''Give a suitable name . ''' | + | I will keep the value of '''Final integration time''' equal to the value of '''refresh period''' of '''CSCOPE block''' |
| | | |
− | '''For example, 1storder.xcos and click on Save.'''
| + | So, I will change it to 30. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''simulation''' | + | | |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''To start the simulation, click on the Simulation tab of the Xcos window menu bar on the top. ''' | + | |Keep the other parameters unchanged. |
| | | |
− | '''A Graphic window will open showing the step response of the first order system. ''' | + | Click on '''OK'''. |
| | | |
− | '''To save the graph click on “Export to” option in the file menu.''' | + | |- |
| + | |saving the Xcos file |
| + | |Now press '''Control S''' to save the file, with a suitable file name. |
| | | |
− | '''Give some suitable name and choose an image format. '''
| |
| | | |
− | '''For example, stepres.jpg''' | + | I will save it as '''firstorder.xcos''' |
| | | |
− | '''This will save the graph as a JPEG-image on your computer.''' | + | |- |
| + | |simulation |
| + | |To start the simulation, click on the '''Start''' button, available on the menu bar of '''Xcos''' window. |
| | | |
− | '''There are certain parameters we chose to keep as the default value.''' | + | |- |
| + | | |
| + | |A Graphic window will open, showing the '''step response''' of the first order '''transfer function.''' |
| | | |
− | '''These can be changed. For example '''
| + | |- |
| + | | |
| | | |
− | '''In the Clock block : period which means the sampling period and initial time.''' | + | Click on File >> Export to. |
| + | |We can save this plot as an image file. |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | To save the graph, go to the '''File''' menu and click on '''“Export to”''' option. |
| | | |
− | '''In the CSCOPE block:Output window- number, position, size,Refresh Period, buffer size , graph colour etc...'''
| |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Slide''' | + | |Name it firstorder.png |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Pause the video here and solve the exercise given with the video.''' | + | |I will name it as firstorder.png and click on '''OK''' |
| | | |
| + | |- |
| + | | |
| + | |There are certain parameters which we chose to keep as the default value. |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | These can be changed. |
| + | |
| + | For example |
| + | |
| + | In the''' Clock underscore c block''', the '''period''', which means the '''sampling period''' and '''initial time''' can be set. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Slide''' | + | | |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Exercise:'''
| + | |In the '''CSCOPE block,''' the '''output window number, position, size, buffer size , graph color''' etc can also be set. |
| | | |
− | ''' 1) Simulate a second order transfer function with damping ratio (zeta) of 0.5 and angular frequency (Wn) equal to 1. '''
| + | |- |
− | ''' Try changing the color of output graph. (hint: See the block parameters of CSCOPE)'''
| + | |Slide |
| + | |Pause the video here and solve the exercise given with the video. |
| | | |
− | ''' 2) Using the first exercise, plot the Step input and the output (step response) in a single plot window.''' | + | |- |
− | ''' (hint: Use CMSCOPE block)''' | + | |Slide |
| + | | |
| + | #Simulate a '''second order transfer function''' with '''damping ratio''' of 0.5 and '''angular frequency''' equal to 1. |
| + | #Try changing the color of output graph. |
| + | #Using the first exercise, plot the '''Step input''' and the '''output''' in a single plot window. |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Slide''' | + | |Slide |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.0007in solid #000000;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''In this tutorial we have learnt :''' | + | |Now let us summarize. |
| | | |
− | '''Xcos is a scilab package to model and simulate dynamic systems.'''
| + | In this tutorial we have learnt to: |
| | | |
− | '''A palette browser lists all Xcos standard blocks grouped by categories.''' | + | *Create '''Xcos simulation''' diagrams using the '''palette browser''' |
| + | *Configure each block as per the simulation requirements |
| + | *Setup the simulation parameters |
| + | *Save the output plot. |
| | | |
− | '''The parameter of each block is set by double click on the particular block.'''
| + | |- |
| + | | Show slide |
| + | | |
| + | *Watch the video available at the following link |
| + | * It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project |
| + | * If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it |
| | | |
− | '''The setup for simulation is changed by set up option in simulation available in menu bar of Xcos.'''
| + | |- |
| + | | Show slide |
| + | | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team |
| + | * Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials |
| + | * Gives certificates for those who pass an online test |
| | | |
− | '''The output of simulation can be graphically viewed.'''
| + | For more details, please write to contact at spoken hyphen tutorial dot org |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0007in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''Slide''' | + | | Show slide |
− | | style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #000000;border-left:0.0139in solid #000000;border-right:0.0139in solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0375in;padding-right:0.0375in;"| '''This brings us to the end of the spoken tutorial on Introduction to XCOS. ''' | + | | Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project |
| | | |
− | * '''This spoken tutorial has been created by the Free and Open Source Software in Science and Engineering Education(FOSSEE). ''' | + | * It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India |
| + | * More information on this Mission is available at spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen Intro |
| + | |
| + | |- |
| + | | |
| + | | Hope you found this tutorial useful. |
| | | |
− | * '''More information on the FOSSEE project could beobtained from [http://fossee.in/ http://fossee.in] or [http://scilab.in/ http://scilab.in] '''
| + | This is Rupak Rokade from IIT Bombay signing off. |
− | * '''Supported by the National Mission on Eduction through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. '''
| + | |
− | * '''For more information, visit: [http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro] '''
| + | |
| | | |
− | '''This is Anuradha Amrutkar from IIT Bombay signing off.'''
| |
| | | |
− | '''Thank you for joining. Goodbye. '''
| + | Thank You. |
| | | |
| |} | | |} |
Visual Cue
|
Narration
|
Introduction Slide
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Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Xcos: Scilab Connected Object Simulator.
Xcos is a Scilab package for modeling and simulation of dynamical systems.
It includes both continuous and discrete systems.
|
Slide
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In this tutorial you will learn
- What is XCOS.
- What is palette.
- Build block diagrams in Xcos
- Setup the parameters of blocks.
- Setup the simulation parameters.
- Simulate the constructed block diagram.
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Slide
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To practice this tutorial, Scilab should be installed on your system.
I am using Ubuntu Linux 12.04 and Scilab version 5.3.3 for demonstration.
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Open Scilab
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Open the Scilab console window on your computer.
Go to applications and select Xcos
OR
Type “xcos” in your Scilab console window and press Enter
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Palette
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By doing this, two windows will open.
The two windows are
- Palette browser and
- Untitled-Xcos window
In Palette browser, you will find different types of blocks
- Commonly Used Blocks
- Continuous time system blocks
- Discrete time systems blocks
- and many more.
The other window, Untitled-Xcos is blank, with grids.
|
Collecting the blocks from different Pallete
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We will now simulate a first order system with a step input.
To begin, I will select a transfer function block from the Continuous time systems palette.
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As per narration
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Drag this block to the Untitled-Xcos window.
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As per narration
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Select the required source in the Sources palette.
I will scroll down and use the STEP FUNCTION block.
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As per narration
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I will drag and place it before the transfer function block.
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As per narration
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Similarly, the output is displayed using the CSCOPE block, which is available in Sinks palette.
The CSCOPE block is placed after the transfer function block.
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Point to the red input port.
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The red input port in CSCOPE denotes that this block is an “event driven” block.
|
As per narration
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It needs an event input for execution.
An event generator block is available in the Event handling palette.
The name of this block is Clock underscore c.
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As per narration
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Drag and place this block above the CSCOPE block.
|
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We have collected all the required blocks to do the simulation.
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Connect as per narration
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Let us now connect the blocks together.
Select the output port of step function block and connect it to the input port of the transfer function block.
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Point to the green input port.
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Notice that the selected input port gets highlighted in green colour.
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As per narration
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Similarly, connect the remaining blocks as shown.
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Changing the parameter of step block
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Now we will set the parameters of each block.
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Double-click on step block
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First, go to the step block and double-click on it.
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Point the options in the Pop-up window
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A pop up window appears, asking for the value of Step Time, Initial Value and Final Value.
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Point to Step Time
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Step Time is the time at which the step change will occur.
We will keep it as 1, which is the default value.
|
|
Initial Value is the initial output value of the step function.
We will keep it as 0, which is the default value.
|
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Final Value is the output of the step function, after the Step Time is lapsed.
We will change it to 2.
Click on OK.
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Changing the parameter of Transfer function block
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Follow the similar procedure to configure any other block.
|
As per narration
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For transfer function block, the following configuration is required.
Numerator value in laplace domain has to be entered.
We will keep it as 1, which is the default value.
|
As per narration
|
Denominator value in laplace domain has to entered.
We will change it to 2 asteric s plus 1.
Click on OK.
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Changing the parameter of scope
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Double click on CSCOPE block, to configure the following parameters.
|
Set Ymin to 0.
|
The value of Ymin and Ymax should be set, depending on the range of the value, of the variable to be plotted.
Set the value of Ymin to 0.
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Set Ymax to 3.
|
Since I have given step input as 2, to display the output on graph, I should change the Ymax to any higher value.
We will change it to 3.
|
|
Make a mental note of the default value of the refresh period.
The default value is 30.
|
|
We will keep the other parameters unchanged.
Click on OK.
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Changing the set up parameters
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Now go to the Simulation in menu bar and click on Setup.
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Pop up window.
|
A pop up window appears.
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Point to Final integration time
|
We will change the value of Final integration time.
Final integration time decides how long the simulation will run.
|
|
Recall the value of refresh period of the CSCOPE block.
I will keep the value of Final integration time equal to the value of refresh period of CSCOPE block
So, I will change it to 30.
|
|
Keep the other parameters unchanged.
Click on OK.
|
saving the Xcos file
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Now press Control S to save the file, with a suitable file name.
I will save it as firstorder.xcos
|
simulation
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To start the simulation, click on the Start button, available on the menu bar of Xcos window.
|
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A Graphic window will open, showing the step response of the first order transfer function.
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Click on File >> Export to.
|
We can save this plot as an image file.
To save the graph, go to the File menu and click on “Export to” option.
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Name it firstorder.png
|
I will name it as firstorder.png and click on OK
|
|
There are certain parameters which we chose to keep as the default value.
These can be changed.
For example
In the Clock underscore c block, the period, which means the sampling period and initial time can be set.
|
|
In the CSCOPE block, the output window number, position, size, buffer size , graph color etc can also be set.
|
Slide
|
Pause the video here and solve the exercise given with the video.
|
Slide
|
- Simulate a second order transfer function with damping ratio of 0.5 and angular frequency equal to 1.
- Try changing the color of output graph.
- Using the first exercise, plot the Step input and the output in a single plot window.
|
Slide
|
Now let us summarize.
In this tutorial we have learnt to:
- Create Xcos simulation diagrams using the palette browser
- Configure each block as per the simulation requirements
- Setup the simulation parameters
- Save the output plot.
|
Show slide
|
- Watch the video available at the following link
- It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project
- If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
|
Show slide
|
The Spoken Tutorial Project Team
- Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
- Gives certificates for those who pass an online test
For more details, please write to contact at spoken hyphen tutorial dot org
|
Show slide
|
Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
- It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
- More information on this Mission is available at spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen Intro
|
|
Hope you found this tutorial useful.
This is Rupak Rokade from IIT Bombay signing off.
Thank You.
|