Difference between revisions of "ExpEYES/C3/Diode-Rectifier-Transistor/English-timed"

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Line 10: Line 10:
 
|00:08
 
|00:08
 
|In this tutorial, we will study:
 
|In this tutorial, we will study:
 +
Working of '''PN Junction diode'''
  
−
* Working of '''PN Junction diode'''
+
'''Diode''' as '''rectifier'''
  
−
* '''Diode''' as '''rectifier'''
+
'''Diode IV''' characteristics
  
−
* Diode IV characteristics
+
'''Light emitting diode (LED) IV''' characteristics
  
−
* '''Light emitting diode'''(LED) IV characteristics
+
'''Out of Phase inverting amplifier''' and
  
−
* Out of Phase '''inverting amplifier''' and
+
'''Transistor CE'''.
−
 
+
−
* '''Transistor CE'''.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|00:26
 
|00:26
 
|Here, I am using:
 
|Here, I am using:
−
 
+
'''ExpEYES''' version 3.1.0
−
* ExpEYES version '''3.1.0'''
+
'''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version 14.04.
−
 
+
−
* Ubuntu Linux OS version '''14.04'''
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| 00:51
 
| 00:51
 
|'''PN junction diode''':
 
|'''PN junction diode''':
 +
is a '''semiconductor''' device which allows current to pass through in one direction.
 +
It converts  '''alternating current''' to '''direct current'''.
  
−
* is a '''semiconductor''' device which allows current to pass through in one direction.
 
−
 
−
* It converts  '''alternating current''' to '''direct current'''.
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|01:03
 
|01:03
Line 54: Line 50:
 
|01:09
 
|01:09
 
|In this experiment, we will:
 
|In this experiment, we will:
−
 
+
Convert '''AC signal''' into a '''DC signal'''  in '''forward bias'''
−
* Convert '''AC signal''' into a '''DC signal'''  in '''forward bias'''
+
Convert '''AC signal''' into a '''DC signal''' in '''reverse bias'''
−
 
+
'''Filter''' the '''AC''' component using a '''capacitor'''.
−
* Convert AC signal into a DC signal  in '''reverse bias'''
+
−
 
+
−
* '''Filter''' the AC component using a '''capacitor'''.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 65: Line 58:
 
|Now, I will explain the '''circuit''' connections.
 
|Now, I will explain the '''circuit''' connections.
  
−
'''1K''' resistor is connected between '''GND''' and '''A2'''.
+
'''1K resistor''' is connected between '''GND''' and '''A2'''.
  
 
'''PN junction diode''' is connected between '''A2''' and '''SINE'''.
 
'''PN junction diode''' is connected between '''A2''' and '''SINE'''.
  
−
'''SINE''' is connected is to '''A1'''. Here '''SINE''' is an '''AC''' source.  
+
'''SINE''' is connected to '''A1'''. Here '''SINE''' is an '''AC''' source.  
  
 
This is the '''circuit diagram'''.
 
This is the '''circuit diagram'''.
Line 83: Line 76:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|01:56
 
|01:56
−
|Click on '''A2''' and drag '''CH2'''. '''A2''' is assigned to '''CH2'''.
+
|Click on '''A2''' and drag to '''CH2'''. '''A2''' is assigned to '''CH2'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 91: Line 84:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|02:10
 
|02:10
−
|Black trace is the original sine wave.
+
|Black trace is the original '''sine''' wave.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|02:13
 
|02:13
−
|Red trace is the rectified sine wave. Negative half of red trace is completely removed, as it is a '''rectified wave'''.
+
|Red trace is the '''rectified sine wave'''. Negative half of the red trace is completely removed, as it is a '''rectified wave'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 108: Line 101:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|02:40
 
|02:40
−
|Observe the '''voltage''' and '''frequency''' values on the right side of the window.
+
|Observe the '''voltage''' and '''frequency''' values on the right side of the '''window'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|02:45
 
|02:45
−
|On reversing the diode connection, '''AC''' signal gets converted into a '''DC''' signal, in the '''reverse bias'''.
+
|On reversing the diode connection, '''AC''' signal gets converted into a '''DC''' signal in the '''reverse bias'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|02:52
 
|02:52
−
|We will filter the sine wave using a '''10uF'''(micro farad) capacitor. In the same connection, replace '''1K''' resistor with a '''10uF'''(micro farad) capacitor.
+
|We will filter the '''sine wave''' using a '''10uF''' (micro farad) '''capacitor'''. In the same connection, replace '''1K resistor''' with a '''10uF''' (micro farad) capacitor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|03:04
 
|03:04
−
|This is the circuit diagram.
+
|This is the '''circuit diagram'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|03:09
 
|03:09
−
|On the '''Plot window''', we can see that '''rectified sine wave''' is filtered. Here '''AC''' component is called '''ripple''' in the '''DC'''.
+
|On the '''Plot window''', we can see that '''rectified sine wave''' is filtered. Here, '''AC''' component is called '''ripple''' in the '''DC'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|03:20
 
|03:20
−
|Now we will demonstrate diode IV characteristics of '''PN junction diode''' and '''LED'''s.
+
|Now we will demonstrate '''diode IV''' characteristics of '''PN junction diode''' and '''LED'''s.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 155: Line 148:
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|03:53
+
|03:51
 
|'''EYES:IV characteristics''' and '''Schematic''' windows open. '''Schematic''' window shows the circuit diagram.
 
|'''EYES:IV characteristics''' and '''Schematic''' windows open. '''Schematic''' window shows the circuit diagram.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|04:00
 
|04:00
−
|On EYES:IV characteristics window, click on '''START''' button.
+
|On '''EYES:IV characteristics''' window, click on '''START''' button.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 172: Line 165:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|04:16
 
|04:16
−
|'''Diode equation''' and '''Ideality factor''' are displayed. '''Diode's ideality factor''' varies between 1 and 2.  
+
|'''Diode equation''' and '''Ideality factor''' are displayed. Diode's '''ideality factor''' varies between 1 and 2.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|04:26
 
|04:26
−
|We will replace diode with red, green and white '''LEDs''' one by one, in the circuit.
+
|We will replace diode with red, green and white '''LEDs''', one by one, in the circuit.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 193: Line 186:
 
|04:56
 
|04:56
 
|On '''EYES:IV characteristics''' window, click on '''START''' button.
 
|On '''EYES:IV characteristics''' window, click on '''START''' button.
−
In the '''diode IV''' curve, current initially remains constant but rises as  voltage increases to '''1.7 volts'''.
+
In the '''diode IV curve''', current initially remains constant but rises as  voltage increases to '''1.7 volts'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|05:11
 
|05:11
−
|Let's connect green '''LED''' in the circuit.
+
|Let's connect green '''LED''' in the '''circuit'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|05:27
 
|05:27
−
|In the diode IV curve, current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to '''1.8 volts'''. Here the value may vary a little.
+
|In the '''diode IV curve''', current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to '''1.8 volts'''. Here, the value may vary a little.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 222: Line 215:
 
|05:51
 
|05:51
 
|On '''EYES:IV characteristics''' window, click on '''START''' button.
 
|On '''EYES:IV characteristics''' window, click on '''START''' button.
−
In the diode IV curve, current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to  '''2.6 volts'''.
+
In the '''diode IV curve''', current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to  '''2.6 volts'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|06:05
 
|06:05
−
|Now, we will demonstrate 180 degree out of phase sine waves.
+
|Now, we will demonstrate '''180 degree out of phase sine waves'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|06:10
 
|06:10
−
|We can do this by inverting the output of '''SINE''' using an amplifier. Here we are using '''51K''' '''resistor''' for the amplification.
+
|We can do this by '''invert'''ing the output of '''SINE''' using an '''amplifier'''. Here, we are using '''51K''' '''resistor''' for the amplification.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 252: Line 245:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|06:40
 
|06:40
−
|On the '''Plot window''', click on '''A1'''  and drag to '''CH1. '''A1''' is assigned to '''CH1'''.
+
|On the '''Plot window''', click on '''A1'''  and drag to '''CH1'''. '''A1''' is assigned to '''CH1'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|06:49
 
|06:49
−
|Click on '''A2''' and drag '''CH2'''.
+
|Click on '''A2''' and drag to '''CH2'''.
 
'''A2''' is assigned to '''CH2'''.
 
'''A2''' is assigned to '''CH2'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|06:54
 
|06:54
−
|Move the '''mSec/div''' slider to adjust the waves. Two '''AC waveforms''' differing in phase by 180 degree are generated.
+
|Move the '''mSec/div''' slider to adjust the waves. Two '''Sine  waves''' differing in phase by 180 degree are generated.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 270: Line 263:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|07:10
 
|07:10
−
|Voltage and frequency values are displayed on the right side.
+
|'''Voltage''' and '''frequency''' values are displayed on the right side.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|07:15
 
|07:15
−
|Right click on '''CH1'''. Voltage, frequency & Phase shift values are displayed at the bottom of the window.
+
|Right-click on '''CH1'''. '''Voltage, frequency''' & '''Phase shift''' values are displayed at the bottom of the '''window'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|07:25
 
|07:25
−
|Now we will '''plot transistor CE(collector emitter)''' characteristic curves.   
+
|Now, we will plot '''transistor CE (collector emitter)''' characteristic '''curve'''s.   
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|07:31
 
|07:31
−
|Please use '''2N2222, NPN  transistor'''. Solder the wires of the transistor. So that transistor can be connected properly to the '''ExpEYES''' kit.
+
|Please use '''2N2222, NPN  transistor'''. '''Solder''' the wires of the transistor so that transistor can be connected properly to the '''ExpEYES''' kit.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|07:44
 
|07:44
 
|I will explain the circuit connections.
 
|I will explain the circuit connections.
−
'''SQR1''' is connected to '''200K''' resistor.
+
'''SQR1''' is connected to '''200K resistor'''.
−
'''200K''' resistor  is connected to '''base''' of the transistor.  
+
'''200K''' resistor  is connected to '''base''' of the '''transistor'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|07:56
 
|07:56
−
|'''PVS''' is connected to '''collector''' using a '''1K''' resistor.
+
|'''PVS''' is connected to '''collector''' using a '''1K resistor'''.
−
'''IN1''' is connected between '''1K''' resistor and '''collector'''.
+
'''IN1''' is connected between '''1K resistor''' and '''collector'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|08:06
 
|08:06
−
|'''Emitter''' is connected to GND.  
+
|'''Emitter''' is connected to '''GND''' (ground).  
−
'''100uF'''(micro farad) capacitor is connected between '''200K''' resistor and '''GND'''.
+
'''100uF''' (micro farad) capacitor is connected between '''200K resistor''' and '''GND'''.
−
This is the circuit diagram.
+
This is the '''circuit diagram'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|08:21
 
|08:21
−
|On the '''Plot window''', '''Set PVS''' value as '''3 volt'''. '''PVS''' is set to  '''3volts''' to provide '''internal voltage'''.
+
|On the '''Plot window''', '''Set PVS''' value as '''3 volts'''. '''PVS''' is set to  '''3 volts''' to provide '''internal voltage'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|08:47
 
|08:47
−
|On the EYES Junior: Transistor CE characteristics window, change the '''base voltage''' value to 1V.  
+
|On the '''EYES Junior: Transistor CE characteristics''' window, change the '''base voltage''' to 1 Volt.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|08:55
 
|08:55
 
|Click on '''START''' button. '''Collector current''' increases and becomes constant.
 
|Click on '''START''' button. '''Collector current''' increases and becomes constant.
−
Collector current is close to '''0.3mA'''. '''Base Current''' is '''2uA'''(micro ampere).
+
Collector current is close to '''0.3 mA'''. '''Base Current''' is '''2uA'''(micro ampere).
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|09:10
 
|09:10
−
|Change the base voltage value to '''2V''' and click on '''START''' button. '''Collector current''' is '''1.5mA'''
+
|Change the '''base voltage''' to '''2 Volts''' and click on '''START''' button. '''Collector current''' is '''1.5 mA'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 337: Line 330:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|09:23
 
|09:23
−
|Change the base voltage value to '''3V''' and click on '''START''' button. Collector current is '''2.7mA'''
+
|Change the base voltage to '''3V''' and click on '''START''' button. Collector current is '''2.7mA'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 351: Line 344:
 
|In this tutorial, we have studied:  
 
|In this tutorial, we have studied:  
  
−
* Working of PN Junction diode
+
Working of PN Junction diode
  
−
* Diode as rectifier
+
Diode as rectifier
  
−
* Diode IV characteristics
+
Diode IV characteristics
  
−
* LED IV characteristics  
+
LED IV characteristics  
  
−
* Out of Phase inverting amplifier and
+
Out of Phase inverting amplifier and
  
−
* Transistor CE.
+
Transistor CE.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 367: Line 360:
 
|As an assignment-  
 
|As an assignment-  
  
−
* Measure the intensity of light and its variation from the source.
+
Measure the intensity of light and its variation from the source.
  
−
* This is the circuit diagram.
+
This is the circuit diagram.
  
−
* The output should look like this.
+
The output should look like this.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10:13
 
|10:13
−
|This video summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
+
|This video summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial''' project. If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 383: Line 376:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10:28
 
|10:28
−
| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
+
| Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
  
 
|-
 
|-

Latest revision as of 18:26, 20 February 2017

Time Narration
00:01 Hello everyone. Welcome to this tutorial on Diode, Rectifier and Transistor.
00:08 In this tutorial, we will study:

Working of PN Junction diode

Diode as rectifier

Diode IV characteristics

Light emitting diode (LED) IV characteristics

Out of Phase inverting amplifier and

Transistor CE.

00:26 Here, I am using:

ExpEYES version 3.1.0 Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04.

00:36 To follow this tutorial, you should be familiar with ExpEYES Junior interface.

If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.

00:47 Let's first define a PN junction diode.
00:51 PN junction diode:

is a semiconductor device which allows current to pass through in one direction. It converts alternating current to direct current.

01:03 We will demonstrate working of PN junction diode as a half wave rectifier.
01:09 In this experiment, we will:

Convert AC signal into a DC signal in forward bias Convert AC signal into a DC signal in reverse bias Filter the AC component using a capacitor.

01:25 Now, I will explain the circuit connections.

1K resistor is connected between GND and A2.

PN junction diode is connected between A2 and SINE.

SINE is connected to A1. Here SINE is an AC source.

This is the circuit diagram.

01:46 Let's see the result on the Plot window.
01:49 On the Plot window, click on A1 and drag to CH1. A1 is assigned to CH1.
01:56 Click on A2 and drag to CH2. A2 is assigned to CH2.
02:01 Move the mSec/div slider to adjust the waves. Two sine waves are generated.
02:10 Black trace is the original sine wave.
02:13 Red trace is the rectified sine wave. Negative half of the red trace is completely removed, as it is a rectified wave.
02:23 Positive half starts after diode attains a threshold voltage. AC signal gets converted into a DC signal, in the forward bias.
02:34 Click on CH1 and drag to FIT.

Click on CH2 and drag to FIT.

02:40 Observe the voltage and frequency values on the right side of the window.
02:45 On reversing the diode connection, AC signal gets converted into a DC signal in the reverse bias.
02:52 We will filter the sine wave using a 10uF (micro farad) capacitor. In the same connection, replace 1K resistor with a 10uF (micro farad) capacitor.
03:04 This is the circuit diagram.
03:06 Let's see the result on the Plot window.
03:09 On the Plot window, we can see that rectified sine wave is filtered. Here, AC component is called ripple in the DC.
03:20 Now we will demonstrate diode IV characteristics of PN junction diode and LEDs.
03:27 I will explain the circuit connections. PVS is connected to IN1 through 1K resistor.
03:34 IN1 is connected to GND through PN junction diode.
03:39 This is the circuit diagram.
03:41 Let's see the result on the Plot window.
03:44 On the Plot window, click on EXPERIMENTS button. Select Diode IV.
03:51 EYES:IV characteristics and Schematic windows open. Schematic window shows the circuit diagram.
04:00 On EYES:IV characteristics window, click on START button.
04:05 Current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to 0.6 volts.
04:13 Click on FIT button.
04:16 Diode equation and Ideality factor are displayed. Diode's ideality factor varies between 1 and 2.
04:26 We will replace diode with red, green and white LEDs, one by one, in the circuit.
04:33 Please note LED glows in only one direction. If it does not glow, turn to opposite direction and connect again.
04:43 Let's first connect red LED in the circuit. This is the circuit diagram.
04:49 On the Plot window, click on EXPERIMENTS button. Select Diode IV.
04:56 On EYES:IV characteristics window, click on START button.

In the diode IV curve, current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to 1.7 volts.

05:11 Let's connect green LED in the circuit.
05:15 On the Plot window, click on EXPERIMENTS button. Select Diode IV.
05:22 On EYES:IV characteristics window, click on START button.
05:27 In the diode IV curve, current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to 1.8 volts. Here, the value may vary a little.
05:40 Let's connect white LED in the circuit.
05:44 On the Plot window, click on EXPERIMENTS button. Select Diode IV.
05:51 On EYES:IV characteristics window, click on START button.

In the diode IV curve, current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to 2.6 volts.

06:05 Now, we will demonstrate 180 degree out of phase sine waves.
06:10 We can do this by inverting the output of SINE using an amplifier. Here, we are using 51K resistor for the amplification.
06:21 I will explain the circuit connections.
06:24 A1 is connected to SINE.

51K resistor is connected between SINE and IN. OUT is connected to A2.

06:35 This is the circuit diagram.
06:37 Let's see the result on the Plot window.
06:40 On the Plot window, click on A1 and drag to CH1. A1 is assigned to CH1.
06:49 Click on A2 and drag to CH2.

A2 is assigned to CH2.

06:54 Move the mSec/div slider to adjust the waves. Two Sine waves differing in phase by 180 degree are generated.
07:04 Click on CH1 and drag to FIT.

Click on CH2 and drag to FIT.

07:10 Voltage and frequency values are displayed on the right side.
07:15 Right-click on CH1. Voltage, frequency & Phase shift values are displayed at the bottom of the window.
07:25 Now, we will plot transistor CE (collector emitter) characteristic curves.
07:31 Please use 2N2222, NPN transistor. Solder the wires of the transistor so that transistor can be connected properly to the ExpEYES kit.
07:44 I will explain the circuit connections.

SQR1 is connected to 200K resistor. 200K resistor is connected to base of the transistor.

07:56 PVS is connected to collector using a 1K resistor.

IN1 is connected between 1K resistor and collector.

08:06 Emitter is connected to GND (ground).

100uF (micro farad) capacitor is connected between 200K resistor and GND. This is the circuit diagram.

08:18 Let's see the result on the Plot window.
08:21 On the Plot window, Set PVS value as 3 volts. PVS is set to 3 volts to provide internal voltage.
08:31 Click on EXPERIMENTS button and select Transistor CE.
08:37 EYES Junior: Transistor CE characteristics and Schematic windows open.

Schematic window shows circuit diagram.

08:47 On the EYES Junior: Transistor CE characteristics window, change the base voltage to 1 Volt.
08:55 Click on START button. Collector current increases and becomes constant.

Collector current is close to 0.3 mA. Base Current is 2uA(micro ampere).

09:10 Change the base voltage to 2 Volts and click on START button. Collector current is 1.5 mA
09:19 Base Current is 7uA(micro ampere).
09:23 Change the base voltage to 3V and click on START button. Collector current is 2.7mA
09:33 Base Current is 12uA(micro ampere).
09:37 Let's summarize.
09:38 In this tutorial, we have studied:

Working of PN Junction diode

Diode as rectifier

Diode IV characteristics

LED IV characteristics

Out of Phase inverting amplifier and

Transistor CE.

09:58 As an assignment-

Measure the intensity of light and its variation from the source.

This is the circuit diagram.

The output should look like this.

10:13 This video summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
10:21 We conduct workshops using Spoken Tutorials and give certificates. Please contact us.
10:28 Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
10:34 This tutorial is contributed by Kaushik Datta and Madhuri Ganapathi.

Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Pratik kamble, Ranjana, Sandhya.np14

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