Difference between revisions of "Spoken-Tutorial-Technology/C2/Editing-using-Audacity/English-timed"
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||00:01 | ||00:01 | ||
− | ||Hello friends. Welcome to the tutorial on Editing using Audacity. | + | ||Hello friends. Welcome to the tutorial on '''Editing using Audacity'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||00:08 | ||00:08 | ||
− | ||This tutorial will explain how to edit an audio file. We will learn how to | + | ||This tutorial will explain how to '''edit''' an '''audio file'''. We will learn how to: |
|- | |- | ||
||00:14 | ||00:14 | ||
− | ||open an audio file in audacity | + | || open an audio file in '''audacity''' |
|- | |- | ||
||00:16 | ||00:16 | ||
− | ||convert a stereo file to mono | + | || convert a stereo file to '''mono''', Attach '''label'''s , '''Cut, delete, move''' and '''amplify''' the audio |
+ | |||
+ | '''Filter''' background noise, '''Save''' and '''export''' the audio file. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||00:27 | ||00:27 | ||
− | ||For this tutorial, I am using the Ubuntu Linux 10.04 version operating system and Audacity version 1.3. | + | ||For this tutorial, I am using the '''Ubuntu Linux''' 10.04 version '''operating system''' and '''Audacity''' version 1.3. |
|- | |- | ||
||00:36 | ||00:36 | ||
− | ||Audacity supports many audio | + | ||'''Audacity''' supports many audio '''format'''s including: |
|- | |- | ||
||00:39 | ||00:39 | ||
− | ||WAV (Windows Wave format) | + | ||'''WAV''' (Windows Wave format) |
|- | |- | ||
||00:41 | ||00:41 | ||
− | ||AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format) | + | || '''AIFF''' (Audio Interchange File Format) |
|- | |- | ||
||00:43 | ||00:43 | ||
− | ||Sun Au / NeXT | + | || '''Sun Au / NeXT''' |
|- | |- | ||
||00:46 | ||00:46 | ||
− | ||RCAM (Institut de Recherce et Coordination Acoustique / Musique) | + | || '''RCAM''' (Institut de Recherce et Coordination Acoustique / Musique) |
|- | |- | ||
||00:49 | ||00:49 | ||
− | ||MP3 (MPEG I, layer 3) (export requires separate encoder. see Lame Installation) Ogg Vorbis | + | || MP3 (MPEG I, layer 3) (export requires separate encoder. see Lame Installation), '''Ogg Vorbis'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||00:53 | ||00:53 | ||
− | || | + | ||Let's access Audacity through the Main menu item '''Applications >> Sound & Video >> Audacity'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||01:04 | ||01:04 | ||
− | ||An | + | ||An '''Audacity Help box''' opens. Let’s click '''OK'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||01:09 | ||01:09 | ||
− | ||To edit an audio file, we need to first import it into Audacity. To do this, go to File >> Import >> Audio. | + | ||To '''edit''' an audio file, we need to first '''import''' it into Audacity. To do this, go to '''File >> Import >> Audio'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||01:21 | ||01:21 | ||
− | ||When the browser window opens, browse for the audio file to be edited and click on Open. | + | ||When the browser window opens, browse for the audio file to be edited and click on '''Open'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||01:31 | ||01:31 | ||
− | ||The file opens in the Audacity window. | + | ||The file opens in the '''Audacity window'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||01:36 | ||01:36 | ||
− | ||Save this file as an a u p file (i.e. Audacity project file) by clicking on File >> Save Project As. | + | ||'''Save''' this file as an 'a u p' file (i.e. Audacity project file) by clicking on '''File >> Save Project As'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||01:47 | ||01:47 | ||
− | ||Click OK in the box that opens. | + | ||Click '''OK''' in the box that opens. |
|- | |- | ||
||01:51 | ||01:51 | ||
− | ||Give your file a name. Here we will type 'Editing in Audacity' | + | ||Give your file a name. Here we will type 'Editing in Audacity'. |
|- | |- | ||
||01:55 | ||01:55 | ||
− | ||Check the folder | + | ||Check the folder and click on '''Save'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||02:00 | ||02:00 | ||
− | ||Select 'Copy All Audio into Project (safer)' option. | + | ||Select '''Copy All Audio into Project (safer)''' option. |
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||02:11 | ||02:11 | ||
− | ||Look at the | + | ||Look at the '''track'''s. If there is only one track then the audio is in '''MONO'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||02:16 | ||02:16 | ||
− | ||This will also be mentioned in the Label on the left panel. | + | ||This will also be mentioned in the '''Label''' on the left panel. |
|- | |- | ||
||02:21 | ||02:21 | ||
− | ||Now, | + | ||Now, let's open another audio file. |
|- | |- | ||
||02:35 | ||02:35 | ||
− | ||If there are 2 tracks | + | ||If there are 2 tracks then the audio is in '''STEREO'''. Again, this will be mentioned in the '''Label''' on the left panel. |
|- | |- | ||
||02:45 | ||02:45 | ||
− | ||To remove a track completely | + | ||To remove a track completely- select the '''track''', click on '''Tracks''' tab and select '''Remove Tracks'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||02:59 | ||02:59 | ||
− | ||Alternately, delete tracks by clicking on the X at the extreme left. | + | ||Alternately, delete tracks by clicking on the 'X' at the extreme left. |
|- | |- | ||
||03:04 | ||03:04 | ||
− | ||If the audio file is in stereo mode and stereo output is not required | + | ||If the audio file is in 'stereo' mode and stereo output is not required then one can convert the mode to 'mono'. |
|- | |- | ||
||03:12 | ||03:12 | ||
− | ||To do so, go to the Tracks tab and select Mix and Render. | + | ||To do so, go to the '''Tracks''' tab and select '''Mix and Render'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||03:20 | ||03:20 | ||
− | ||Now click on the drop-down arrow on the panel to the left of the audio file and select Split stereo to | + | ||Now, click on the drop-down arrow on the panel to the left of the audio file and select '''Split stereo to Mono'''. |
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||03:35 | ||03:35 | ||
− | ||To zoom into or out of a file click the cursor where you need to zoom on the file and click the zoom in or zoom out button on the Edit panel. | + | ||To zoom into or out of a file, click the cursor where you need to zoom on the file and click the '''zoom-in''' or '''zoom-out''' button on the '''Edit''' panel. |
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|- | |- | ||
||04:03 | ||04:03 | ||
− | ||Now press the Ctrl key down and use the scroll wheel on your mouse to zoom in and out. | + | ||Now, press the '''Ctrl''' key down and use the scroll wheel on your '''mouse''' to zoom in and out. |
|- | |- | ||
||04:19 | ||04:19 | ||
− | ||An audio file can be cut to remove unwanted parts, copied, pasted, deleted and treated with some special effects. | + | ||An audio file can be '''cut''' to remove unwanted parts, copied, pasted, deleted and treated with some special effects. |
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||04:35 | ||04:35 | ||
− | ||Before editing, always listen to the whole audio file. You may want to label parts as you listen | + | ||Before editing, always listen to the whole audio file. You may want to label parts as you listen for easy reference. |
|- | |- | ||
||04:44 | ||04:44 | ||
− | ||To do so, add a label track by clicking on Tracks >> | + | ||To do so, add a label track by clicking on '''Tracks >> Add New''' and '''Label Track'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||04:56 | ||04:56 | ||
− | ||To add a label at a point, select the point with the cursor, go to the | + | ||To add a label at a point, select the point with the cursor, go to the '''Tracks''' tab |
|- | |- | ||
||05:05 | ||05:05 | ||
− | ||and select Add | + | ||and select '''Add Label At Selection'''. |
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||05:16 | ||05:16 | ||
− | ||Alternately | + | ||Alternately- click at the point, |
|- | |- | ||
||05:24 | ||05:24 | ||
− | ||press Ctrl +B. | + | ||press '''Ctrl +B'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||05:28 | ||05:28 | ||
− | ||This opens a new Label track the first time. | + | ||This opens a new Label track, the first time. |
|- | |- | ||
||05:32 | ||05:32 | ||
− | ||Consecutive Ctrl+B will open new labels on the same track. | + | ||Consecutive '''Ctrl+B''' will open new labels on the same track. |
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
||05:53 | ||05:53 | ||
− | ||Place the cursor wherever required and press Ctrl+B for each new label. | + | ||Place the cursor wherever required and press '''Ctrl+B''' for each new label. |
|- | |- | ||
||06:07 | ||06:07 | ||
− | || | + | ||'''Label'''s can also be moved. |
|- | |- | ||
||06:15 | ||06:15 | ||
− | ||To delete the labels, click inside the text box and press backspace till the label is deleted. | + | ||To delete the labels, click inside the text box and press '''backspace''' till the label is deleted. |
|- | |- | ||
||06:27 | ||06:27 | ||
− | ||Another way to do this is to go to Tracks >> Edit Labels. | + | ||Another way to do this is to go to '''Tracks >> Edit Labels'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||06:34 | ||06:34 | ||
− | ||A window with all the labels listed will appear and the labels that need to be deleted can be selected and deleted by clicking on Remove button. | + | ||A window with all the labels listed will appear and the labels that need to be deleted can be selected and deleted by clicking on '''Remove''' button. |
|- | |- | ||
||06:46 | ||06:46 | ||
− | ||Click | + | ||Click '''OK'''. |
|- | |- | ||
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||07:07 | ||07:07 | ||
− | ||Structure the edit based on what is appropriate for introduction, body and conclusion. | + | ||Structure the '''edit''' based on what is appropriate for introduction, body and conclusion. |
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
||07:21 | ||07:21 | ||
− | ||Unwanted sounds such as stammering and coughs that don't overlap the speech, repeats | + | ||Unwanted sounds such as stammering and coughs that don't overlap the speech, repeats and long silences can be removed. |
|- | |- | ||
||07:32 | ||07:32 | ||
− | ||To delete | + | ||To delete: |
+ | select the '''Selection Tool''' and select the part of the audio that needs to be deleted by left-click. Drag and then release, press '''Delete''' to delete that part of the audio. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||07:50 | ||07:50 | ||
− | ||To move one segment of audio to another part | + | ||To move one '''segment''' of audio to another part: |
+ | select the part of the audio that needs to be moved by left-click. Drag and then release. Then '''cut''' that part by using the keyboard shortcut '''Ctrl+X'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||08:07 | ||08:07 | ||
− | ||We can also click on the Cut button in the Edit tools panel OR click on Edit >> Cut option. | + | ||We can also click on the '''Cut''' button in the '''Edit''' tools panel OR click on '''Edit >> Cut''' option. |
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
||08:31 | ||08:31 | ||
− | ||click there and paste the audio segment. | + | ||click there and '''paste''' the audio segment. |
|- | |- | ||
||08:33 | ||08:33 | ||
− | ||This can be done with either the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+V or the Paste button | + | ||This can be done with either the keyboard shortcut '''Ctrl+V''' or the '''Paste''' button |
|- | |- | ||
||08:40 | ||08:40 | ||
− | || | + | ||in the '''Edit''' tools panel or '''Edit >> ''' |
|- | |- | ||
||08:47 | ||08:47 | ||
− | ||Paste option. | + | ||'''Paste''' option. |
|- | |- | ||
||08:52 | ||08:52 | ||
− | ||To reduce loud breaths | + | ||To reduce loud breaths: select the breath portion in the audio stream by |
|- | |- | ||
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||09:17 | ||09:17 | ||
− | ||Go to Effect >> Amplify. Enter -5 or -7 | + | ||Go to '''Effect >> Amplify'''. Enter -5 or -7 |
|- | |- | ||
||09:26 | ||09:26 | ||
− | ||or more in the Amplification box, depending on how much you want to reduce the sound | + | ||or more in the '''Amplification''' box, depending on how much you want to reduce the sound and click '''OK'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||09:43 | ||09:43 | ||
− | ||To increase the volume of the parts that have recorded softly, select the audio go to Effect >> Amplify. | + | ||To increase the volume of the parts that have recorded softly, select the audio >> go to '''Effect >> Amplify'''. |
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
||10:12 | ||10:12 | ||
− | ||Click | + | ||Click '''OK'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||10:15 | ||10:15 | ||
− | ||If the | + | ||If the '''OK''' button is not active, '''check''' the '''Allow Clipping''' option. |
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||10:47 | ||10:47 | ||
− | ||Remember to select a portion without voice. | + | ||Remember to select a portion without voice. |
|- | |- | ||
||10:55 | ||10:55 | ||
− | ||Noise Removal. | + | || Now click on '''Effect >> Noise Removal'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||10:59 | ||10:59 | ||
− | ||Click on Get Noise Profile. | + | ||Click on '''Get Noise Profile'''. |
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
||11:06 | ||11:06 | ||
− | ||Now select the whole audio track by clicking anywhere on it. | + | ||Now, select the whole audio track by clicking anywhere on it. |
|- | |- | ||
||11:11 | ||11:11 | ||
− | ||Again, click on Effect >> | + | ||Again, click on '''Effect >> Noise Removal'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||11:16 | ||11:16 | ||
− | || | + | ||Choose the '''Noise Reduction Level'''. |
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||11:37 | ||11:37 | ||
− | || | + | ||Let's click '''OK'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||11:44 | ||11:44 | ||
− | ||It is advisable not to amplify the audio too much above the recommended value in the box because amplification also enhances background sounds. | + | ||It is advisable not to '''amplify''' the audio too much above the recommended value in the box because '''amplification''' also enhances background sounds. |
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||11:57 | ||11:57 | ||
− | ||Save the project file regularly. | + | ||'''Save''' the project file regularly. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ||12:00 | + | ||12:00 |
− | ||Finally, export the final project to the required audio format i.e. wav, mp3 and others. | + | ||Finally, '''export''' the final project to the required audio format i.e. '''wav, mp3''' and others. |
|- | |- | ||
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||12:17 | ||12:17 | ||
− | ||That's all we have in this tutorial. | + | ||That's all we have in this tutorial. Let's just summarize. In this, we learned the basics of editing using audacity - |
|- | |- | ||
− | ||12 | + | ||12:26 |
− | || | + | || How to open an audio file, Convert stereo to '''mono''' |
+ | |||
+ | Zoom in and out, Attach labels | ||
|- | |- | ||
||12:35 | ||12:35 | ||
− | | | + | ||'''Structure''' and '''edit''' , '''Cut, delete, move''' audio |
+ | |||
+ | '''Amplify audio''', '''Filter''' background noise. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||12:50 | ||12:50 | ||
− | ||Edit the audio that you recorded in the first tutorial using the tips given above. | + | ||'''Edit''' the audio that you have recorded in the first tutorial, using the tips given above. |
|- | |- | ||
||12:55 | ||12:55 | ||
− | ||Use fade out and fade in where necessary. | + | ||Use '''fade-out''' and '''fade-in''' where necessary. |
|- | |- | ||
||13:01 | ||13:01 | ||
− | || | + | || The video available at the following link. http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken_Tutorial |
|- | |- | ||
||13:06 | ||13:06 | ||
− | || | + | || summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial''' project. |
|- | |- | ||
||13:10 | ||13:10 | ||
− | ||If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it | + | ||If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it. |
|- | |- | ||
||13:15 | ||13:15 | ||
− | ||The Spoken Tutorial | + | ||The Spoken Tutorial team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials. |
|- | |- | ||
||13:20 | ||13:20 | ||
− | ||Gives certificates to those who pass an online test | + | ||Gives certificates to those who pass an online test. |
|- | |- | ||
||13:25 | ||13:25 | ||
− | ||For more details | + | ||For more details, contact: '''contact@spoken-tutorial.org''' |
|- | |- | ||
||13:30 | ||13:30 | ||
− | ||Spoken Tutorial | + | ||'''Spoken Tutorial''' project is a part of the '''Talk to a Teacher''' project, |
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
||13:42 | ||13:42 | ||
− | ||More information on this | + | ||More information on this mission is available at: http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-intro |
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
||14:01 | ||14:01 | ||
− | ||This is Krupa Thimmaiah from ITforChange | + | ||This is Krupa Thimmaiah from 'ITforChange'. |
Latest revision as of 17:39, 23 March 2017
Time | Narration |
00:01 | Hello friends. Welcome to the tutorial on Editing using Audacity. |
00:08 | This tutorial will explain how to edit an audio file. We will learn how to: |
00:14 | open an audio file in audacity |
00:16 | convert a stereo file to mono, Attach labels , Cut, delete, move and amplify the audio
Filter background noise, Save and export the audio file. |
00:27 | For this tutorial, I am using the Ubuntu Linux 10.04 version operating system and Audacity version 1.3. |
00:36 | Audacity supports many audio formats including: |
00:39 | WAV (Windows Wave format) |
00:41 | AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format) |
00:43 | Sun Au / NeXT |
00:46 | RCAM (Institut de Recherce et Coordination Acoustique / Musique) |
00:49 | MP3 (MPEG I, layer 3) (export requires separate encoder. see Lame Installation), Ogg Vorbis. |
00:53 | Let's access Audacity through the Main menu item Applications >> Sound & Video >> Audacity. |
01:04 | An Audacity Help box opens. Let’s click OK. |
01:09 | To edit an audio file, we need to first import it into Audacity. To do this, go to File >> Import >> Audio. |
01:21 | When the browser window opens, browse for the audio file to be edited and click on Open. |
01:31 | The file opens in the Audacity window. |
01:36 | Save this file as an 'a u p' file (i.e. Audacity project file) by clicking on File >> Save Project As. |
01:47 | Click OK in the box that opens. |
01:51 | Give your file a name. Here we will type 'Editing in Audacity'. |
01:55 | Check the folder and click on Save. |
02:00 | Select Copy All Audio into Project (safer) option. |
02:05 | This creates a folder that will contain all the audacity project data files. |
02:11 | Look at the tracks. If there is only one track then the audio is in MONO. |
02:16 | This will also be mentioned in the Label on the left panel. |
02:21 | Now, let's open another audio file. |
02:35 | If there are 2 tracks then the audio is in STEREO. Again, this will be mentioned in the Label on the left panel. |
02:45 | To remove a track completely- select the track, click on Tracks tab and select Remove Tracks. |
02:59 | Alternately, delete tracks by clicking on the 'X' at the extreme left. |
03:04 | If the audio file is in 'stereo' mode and stereo output is not required then one can convert the mode to 'mono'. |
03:12 | To do so, go to the Tracks tab and select Mix and Render. |
03:20 | Now, click on the drop-down arrow on the panel to the left of the audio file and select Split stereo to Mono. |
03:30 | Delete one track. |
03:35 | To zoom into or out of a file, click the cursor where you need to zoom on the file and click the zoom-in or zoom-out button on the Edit panel. |
03:52 | Alternately, place the cursor over the part of the file that you need to zoom into or out of. |
04:03 | Now, press the Ctrl key down and use the scroll wheel on your mouse to zoom in and out. |
04:19 | An audio file can be cut to remove unwanted parts, copied, pasted, deleted and treated with some special effects. |
04:29 | The volume of the file can also be increased or decreased. |
04:35 | Before editing, always listen to the whole audio file. You may want to label parts as you listen for easy reference. |
04:44 | To do so, add a label track by clicking on Tracks >> Add New and Label Track. |
04:56 | To add a label at a point, select the point with the cursor, go to the Tracks tab |
05:05 | and select Add Label At Selection. |
05:08 | You can type into the label. |
05:16 | Alternately- click at the point, |
05:24 | press Ctrl +B. |
05:28 | This opens a new Label track, the first time. |
05:32 | Consecutive Ctrl+B will open new labels on the same track. |
05:47 | A label will open with the cursor at the point on the time line where the cursor is placed. |
05:53 | Place the cursor wherever required and press Ctrl+B for each new label. |
06:07 | Labels can also be moved. |
06:15 | To delete the labels, click inside the text box and press backspace till the label is deleted. |
06:27 | Another way to do this is to go to Tracks >> Edit Labels. |
06:34 | A window with all the labels listed will appear and the labels that need to be deleted can be selected and deleted by clicking on Remove button. |
06:46 | Click OK. |
06:55 | After listening to the entire audio file once or more than once, the structure of the edit can be decided; parts of the file can be deleted or moved, as required. |
07:07 | Structure the edit based on what is appropriate for introduction, body and conclusion. |
07:15 | Remove repeats and bad sound. Effects can be used to enhance the impact of a message. |
07:21 | Unwanted sounds such as stammering and coughs that don't overlap the speech, repeats and long silences can be removed. |
07:32 | To delete:
select the Selection Tool and select the part of the audio that needs to be deleted by left-click. Drag and then release, press Delete to delete that part of the audio. |
07:50 | To move one segment of audio to another part:
select the part of the audio that needs to be moved by left-click. Drag and then release. Then cut that part by using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+X. |
08:07 | We can also click on the Cut button in the Edit tools panel OR click on Edit >> Cut option. |
08:22 | Move the cursor to the place where the audio segment needs to be moved, |
08:31 | click there and paste the audio segment. |
08:33 | This can be done with either the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+V or the Paste button |
08:40 | in the Edit tools panel or Edit >> |
08:47 | Paste option. |
08:52 | To reduce loud breaths: select the breath portion in the audio stream by |
09:14 | left-clicking, dragging and releasing. |
09:17 | Go to Effect >> Amplify. Enter -5 or -7 |
09:26 | or more in the Amplification box, depending on how much you want to reduce the sound and click OK. |
09:43 | To increase the volume of the parts that have recorded softly, select the audio >> go to Effect >> Amplify. |
09:56 | You will see a value already there. This value is optimal amplification for this file. You can also enter the amount you want. |
10:12 | Click OK. |
10:15 | If the OK button is not active, check the Allow Clipping option. |
10:34 | To filter out disturbing background noises, select a portion on the track with the sample noise. |
10:47 | Remember to select a portion without voice. |
10:55 | Now click on Effect >> Noise Removal. |
10:59 | Click on Get Noise Profile. |
11:02 | This will identify the noise sample to be filtered. |
11:06 | Now, select the whole audio track by clicking anywhere on it. |
11:11 | Again, click on Effect >> Noise Removal. |
11:16 | Choose the Noise Reduction Level. |
11:26 | Use the lowest value that reduces the noise to an acceptable level. |
11:31 | Higher values will remove the noise completely but will result in distortion of the audio that remains. |
11:37 | Let's click OK. |
11:44 | It is advisable not to amplify the audio too much above the recommended value in the box because amplification also enhances background sounds. |
11:54 | Hisses and hums will become more prominent as well. |
11:57 | Save the project file regularly. |
12:00 | Finally, export the final project to the required audio format i.e. wav, mp3 and others. |
12:09 | We have already covered this part in the earlier tutorial. Kindly refer to it for details. |
12:17 | That's all we have in this tutorial. Let's just summarize. In this, we learned the basics of editing using audacity - |
12:26 | How to open an audio file, Convert stereo to mono
Zoom in and out, Attach labels |
12:35 | Structure and edit , Cut, delete, move audio
Amplify audio, Filter background noise. |
12:50 | Edit the audio that you have recorded in the first tutorial, using the tips given above. |
12:55 | Use fade-out and fade-in where necessary. |
13:01 | The video available at the following link. http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken_Tutorial |
13:06 | summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. |
13:10 | If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it. |
13:15 | The Spoken Tutorial team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials. |
13:20 | Gives certificates to those who pass an online test. |
13:25 | For more details, contact: contact@spoken-tutorial.org |
13:30 | Spoken Tutorial project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project, |
13:35 | supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. |
13:42 | More information on this mission is available at: http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-intro |
13:55 | This brings us to the end of this tutorial. |
13:58 | Thank you. |
14:01 | This is Krupa Thimmaiah from 'ITforChange'. |
Contributors and Content Editors
Jyotisolanki, Nancyvarkey, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14, Sneha