Difference between revisions of "Inkscape/C2/Create-and-edit-multiple-objects/English"

Latest revision as of 18:43, 6 July 2014

Title of script: Create and edit multiple objects

Author: Arthi. A

Keywords: Copying and pasting objects, Duplicating and cloning objects, Grouping and Ordering objects, Multiple selection and invert selection, Clipping and Masking

Visual cue	Narration
Opening Slide	Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on “Create and edit multiple objects” using Inkscape.
Learning Objectives (Slide)	In this tutorial, we will learn to Copy and paste objects Duplicate and clone objects Group and Order various objects Multiple selection and invert selection Clipping and Masking
System requirements (Slide)	To record this tutorial, I am using Ubuntu Linux 12.04 OS Inkscape version 0.48.4
Go to Dash home and type “Inkscape”.	Go to Dash home and type Inkscape.
Click on Inkscape logo	You can open Inkscape by clicking on the logo.
Open the Assignment_1.svg	Let's open the Assignment_1.svg file that we created earlier. I had saved it in my Documents folder.
Select the pentagon	First we will learn how to copy and paste an object. To do so, we should first select an object. So, click on the pentagon.
Press Ctrl + C >> Press Ctrl + V	Now, press Ctrl + C on your keyboard to copy it. Now press Ctrl + V to paste the object. You can see a copy of the pentagon on the canvas.
Slide	There are 3 other ways of creating copies of objects. In all these 3 methods, a copy of the object is created exactly above the original one.
	The first method is called Paste Special. Recall that we had already pressed Ctrl + C to copy the object.
Press Ctrl + Alt + V	To paste the object in the exact location from where it was copied, press Ctrl + Alt + V keys.
Select and move the object.	Move the copied object to see the original object right below it. <<PAUSE>>
Move the pentagons	Let us move these two objects and keep it aside.
	The second method is called Duplication. For duplication, we do not need to copy the object first.
Press Ctrl + D	Select the pentagon and press Ctrl + D keys on your keyboard.
Point to duplicate pentagon	Now a duplicate pentagon is created exactly on the top of the original one.
Move the duplicated ellipse to see both	Let us move the duplicated object to see the original one below it.
Change the color of the ellipse to green >> reduce its size	The changes made on the duplicated object does not affect the original object. Let us check this by changing its color to green and reducing its size. <<PAUSE>>
Press Alt + D on ellipse	The third method is called Cloning. Click on the ellipse and press Alt + D to create a clone.
Move the cloned ellipse	As before, the cloned object is created exactly above the original one. Let us move it aside to make it visible.
Point to the cloned ellipse and the original ellipse	Please note that the cloned object will always be linked to the original object. The original object is also known as its parent. Any modifications on the original object, that is, in size, color etc. will affect its clone.
Change the original object's color to pink >> Rotate it >> Reduce the size	Let us check this by changing the original objects's color to pink, rotating it and reducing its size. Observe that the exact same changes are replicated in the cloned object automatically.
Press Shift + Alt + D	To unlink the clone from the original object, first select the clone and then press Shift + Alt + D.
Change the size of the original ellipse	Now, select the original object again and change its size. Observe that the cloned object does not get affected. <<PAUSE>>
Mouse-over on the relevant icons	The short-cut icons for these operations are present in the command bar, as shown.
Select 2 ellipses using the Shift key	To select multiple objects hold the Shift key and click on the objects that you want to select. I will select one ellipse first. Then I will hold the Shift key and select the other ellipse.
	Notice that both the objects are now selected.
Press Ctrl + G	We can now group them by pressing Ctrl + G keys together. Notice the ellipses are now grouped as a single object.
Move the grouped objects	You can move them around and you will notice that both the objects move together as one object.
Resize the group	Try resizing the group and you will notice that both the objects get resized proportionately.
Change the colour.	Change the colour to blue and observe that both the objects change to the same colour.
	What do we do if we want to change the properties of only one of the objects in a group?
Press Ctrl + Click	To select an object within a group, press the Ctrl button and click on the object. By this action, we can enter inside the group and select individual objects.
Click anywhere on the blank space.	To exit the group, click anywhere on the blank space on the canvas.
Press Ctrl + Shift + G or Ctrl + U.	To ungroup objects, first select the group and press either Ctrl + Shift + G keys or Ctrl + U keys. Now the ellipses are ungrouped.
Mouse-over on the relevant icons	The short-cut icons for these operations are present in the command bar, as shown.
Press Ctrl + A	To select all the objects on the canvas, press Ctrl + A keys.
Click anywhere on the blank space	To unselect all the objects, click anywhere on the blank space on the canvas.
	If we want to select all objects except a particular one, we can use the Invert Selection option.
Click onArrow >> Go to Edit >> Click on Invert Selection	Let's say, we want to select all the objects except the arrow. So, first click on the arrow. Now go to Edit menu and click on Invert selection.
Point to the objects	Notice that all the objects in the canvas are now selected except the arrow. <<PAUSE>>
	Now let us learn how to order the objects.
Move the smaller pentagon on the top of larger pentagon	Let me move the smaller pentagon on top of the larger pentagon.
Draw a star	Now let us draw a star and keep it on top of the smaller pentagon.
Click on smaller pentagon >> Object menu >> Raise	Select the smaller pentagon. Go to Object menu and click on Raise. Notice the smaller pentagon is now raised and is above the star.
Click on star >> Object menu >> Lower	Now click on the star. Go to Object menu. Click on Lower. Now the star is moved down or lowered and the larger pentagon now appears above it.
Click on larger pentagon >> Object menu >> Raise to top	Now let me click on the larger pentagon. Go to Object menu and click on Raise to top. Now the larger pentagon appears on top.
Go to Object menu >> Lower to bottom	Now again Go to Object menu. Click on Lower to bottom. Notice the larger pentagon is now moved to the bottom.
Point to the ordering icons on the Tool controls bar	We can find these options in the Tool controls bar too. <<PAUSE>>
Slide	Next let us learn how to do Clipping. Clipping can make your complicated objects conform to another element or shape of your design by changing their entire shape quickly and easily.
Open a new Inkscape file with an image.	I will use an image for this demonstration. I have an image here in a new Inkscape file.
Draw an ellipse	On this image I will draw an ellipse shape.
Press Ctrl+A	Now, select the image and the ellipse.
Go to Object menu >> Click on Clip >> Click on Set.	Go to Object menu. Click on Clip and then on Set.
	Notice that the image is now clipped to the shape of the ellipse. In Clipping, the shape of the object used as a clip, defines the area that is visible.
Go to Object menu >> Click on Clip >> Click on release	We can remove the clip by going back to Object menu. Click on Clip and then click on Release. Now the clip is released. <<PAUSE>>
	Next let us learn to do Masking.
Slide	Masking is very similar to Clipping. In Masking, the transparency or lightness of one object determines the opacity of the second object.
Point to ellipse	To demonstrate Masking, I will first make the ellipse semi-transparent using the gradient tool.
Click on the ellipse.	Now select the ellipse.
Go to Object menu >> Fill and stroke.	Go to Object menu. Click on Fill and stroke.
Click on Radial gradient >> Edit Move RGB slider to extreme right	Click on Radial gradient and then on Edit. Move the RGB sliders to the extreme right to change the color to white.
Click on the other stop Move RGB slider to extreme left >> Alpha to 255	Click on the Stop drop down arrow and select the other stop. Move the RGB sliders to the extreme left to change the color to black and change the alpha value to 255.
Click on Add stop >> Move the diamond handle	Click on Add stop to add one more color in between. Click on the Node tool and move the diamond handle towards the top.
Select image and ellipse	Now, select the image and the ellipse.
Go to Object menu >> Click on Mask >> Click on Set	Go to Object menu. Click on Mask and then on Set.
Point to the image	Observe that the mask is formed on the image.
Point to the image	Notice that the image takes on the transparency properties of the masking object, which is the ellipse.
Go back to Object menu >> Click on Mask >> click on Release	To remove the mask, go back to Object menu. Click on Mask and then on Release. The mask is now removed. <<PAUSE>>
Summary (Slide)	Let us summarize. In this tutorial, we learnt to Copy and paste objects Duplicate and clone objects Group and Order various objects Multiple selection and invert selection Clipping and Masking
Assignment (Slide)	Here are 2 assignments for you Create a vertical ellipse in grey color and a circle in black color. Place the circle centrally on top of the ellipse. It should look like an eye shape. Now group them. Next create a clone to make another eye. Move it to the side to make both the eyes visible. Create a circle in blue color and a square in red color. Duplicate the square and keep both the squares in diagonally opposite direction. Select both the squares and group them into a single object. Place the circle centrally on top of the grouped squares. Select both and create a clip. It should look like a bow.
Completed assignment	Your completed assignment should look like this.
About Slide	The video available at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. Pls watch it.
About Slide	The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops and gives certificates for those who pass an online test. For more details, please write to us.
About Slide	Spoken Tutorial Project is supported by the NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this Mission is available at this link.
Acknowledgment	We have come to the end of this tutorial. This is Arthi and Saurabh from IIT Bombay, signing off. Thanks for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Arthi, Nancyvarkey

Difference between revisions of "Inkscape/C2/Create-and-edit-multiple-objects/English"

Latest revision as of 18:43, 6 July 2014

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@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 * Copy and paste objects
-* Duplicate and clone objects
+* Duplicate and '''clone''' objects
 * Group and Order various objects
 * Multiple selection and invert selection
-* Clipping and Masking
+* '''Clipping''' and '''Masking'''
 |-
@@ Line 124: / Line 124: @@
-Click on the '''ellipse''' and press '''Alt + D''' to create a clone.
+Click on the '''ellipse''' and press '''Alt + D''' to create a '''clone'''.
 |-
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Move the cloned ellipse
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Move the '''cloned''' ellipse
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| As before, the cloned object is created exactly above the original one.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| As before, the '''cloned''' object is created exactly above the original one.
@@ Line 134: / Line 134: @@
 |-
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Point to the cloned ellipse and the original ellipse
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Point to the '''cloned''' ellipse and the original ellipse
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Please note that the cloned object will always be linked to the original object.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Please note that the '''cloned''' object will always be linked to the original object.
@@ Line 141: / Line 141: @@
-Any modifications on the original object, that is, in size, color etc. will affect its clone.
+Any modifications on the original object, that is, in size, color etc. will affect its '''clone'''.
 |-
@@ Line 148: / Line 148: @@
-Observe that the exact same changes are replicated in the cloned object automatically.
+Observe that the exact same changes are replicated in the '''cloned''' object automatically.
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Press Shift + Alt + D'''
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To unlink the clone from the original object, first select the clone and then press '''Shift + Alt + D. '''
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To unlink the '''clone''' from the original object, first select the '''clone''' and then press '''Shift + Alt + D. '''
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Change the size of the original ellipse
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, select the original object again and change its size.
@@ Line 225: / Line 228: @@
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Mouse-over on the relevant icons
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The short-cut icons for these operations are present in the '''command bar,''' as shown.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The short-cut icons for these operations are present in the command bar, as shown.
 |-
@@ Line 244: / Line 247: @@
 Go to''' Edit '''>> Click on '''Invert Selection'''
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let say we want to select all the objects except the arrow.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's say, we want to select all the objects except the arrow.
@@ Line 261: / Line 264: @@
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Move the smaller pentagon on the top of larger pentagon
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me move the smaller pentagon on the top of the larger pentagon.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me move the smaller pentagon on top of the larger pentagon.
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Draw a star
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let us draw a star and keep it on the top of the smaller pentagon.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let us draw a star and keep it on top of the smaller pentagon.
 |-
@@ Line 275: / Line 278: @@
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on star >>''' Object menu >> Lower'''
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now click on the star.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now click on the star. Go to '''Object menu.''' Click on '''Lower.'''
-Go to '''Object menu.''' Click on '''Lower.'''
 Now the star is moved down or lowered and the larger pentagon now appears above it.
@@ Line 283: / Line 284: @@
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on larger pentagon >>''' Object menu >> Raise to top'''
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let me click on the larger pentagon.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let me click on the larger pentagon. Go to '''Object menu '''and click on '''Raise to top. '''Now the larger pentagon appears on top.
-Go to '''Object menu '''and click on '''Raise to top. '''
-Now the larger pentagon appears on the top.
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Go to '''Object menu >> Lower to bottom'''
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now again go to '''Object menu.'''
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now again Go to '''Object menu.''' Click on '''Lower to bottom.''' Notice the larger pentagon is now moved to the bottom.
-Click on '''Lower to bottom.'''
-Notice the larger pentagon is now moved to the bottom.
 |-
@@ Line 316: / Line 309: @@
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Open a new Inkscape file with an image.
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I will use an image for this demonstration.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I will use an image for this demonstration. I have an image here in a new Inkscape file.
-I have an image here in a new '''Inkscape''' file.
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Draw an ellipse
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| On this image, I will draw an ellipse shape.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| On this image I will draw an ellipse shape.
 |-
@@ Line 330: / Line 321: @@
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Go to '''Object menu''' >> Click on '''Clip''' >> Click on '''Set.'''
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Go to '''Object menu.'''
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Go to '''Object menu.''' Click on '''Clip '''and then on '''Set.'''
-Click on '''Clip '''and then on '''Set.'''
 |-
@@ Line 338: / Line 327: @@
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Notice that the image is now clipped to the shape of the ellipse.
-In '''Clipping''', the shape of the object used as a clip, defines the area that is visible.
+In Clipping, the shape of the object used as a clip, defines the area that is visible.
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Go to '''Object menu''' >> Click on '''Clip''' >> Click on '''release'''
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We can remove the clip by going back to '''Object menu.'''
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We can remove the clip by going back to '''Object menu.''' Click on '''Clip''' and then click on '''Release.'''
-Click on '''Clip''' and then click on '''Release.'''
@@ Line 364: / Line 351: @@
 |-
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Point to ellipse
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To demonstrate '''Masking''', I will first make the ellipse semi-transparent using the '''gradient''' tool.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To demonstrate '''Masking''', I will first make the ellipse semi-transparent using the gradient tool.
+|-
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on the ellipse.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now select the ellipse.
+|-
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Go to Object menu >> Fill and stroke.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Go to '''Object menu.''' Click on '''Fill and stroke.'''
+|-
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on Radial gradient >> Edit
+Move RGB slider to extreme right
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Radial gradient '''and then on '''Edit. '''
+Move the '''RGB sliders''' to the extreme right to change the color to white.
+|-
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on the other stop
+Move RGB slider to extreme left >> Alpha to 255
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on the '''Stop''' drop down arrow and select the other stop.
+Move the RGB sliders to the extreme left to change the color to black and change the alpha value to 255.
+|-
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add stop >> Move the diamond handle'''
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Add stop '''to add one more color in between.
+Click on the '''Node tool''' and move the diamond handle towards the top.
 |-
@@ Line 372: / Line 392: @@
 |-
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Go to '''Object menu''' >> Click on '''Mask''' >> Click on '''Set'''
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Go to Object menu >> Click on '''Mask''' >> Click on '''Set'''
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Go to '''Object menu. '''
@@ Line 378: / Line 398: @@
 |-
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Point to the image
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Observe that the '''mask''' is formed on the image.
 |-
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Point to the image
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Notice that the image takes on the transparency properties of the masking object, which is the ellipse.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Notice that the image takes on the transparency properties of the '''masking''' object, which is the ellipse.
 |-
@@ Line 398: / Line 418: @@
 Click on '''Mask''' and then on '''Release.'''
-The mask is now removed.
+The '''mask''' is now removed.
@@ Line 411: / Line 431: @@
 * Copy and paste objects
-* Duplicate and clone objects
+* Duplicate and '''clone''' objects
 * Group and Order various objects
 * Multiple selection and invert selection
-* Clipping and Masking
+* '''Clipping''' and '''Masking'''
 |-
@@ Line 425: / Line 447: @@
 * It should look like an eye shape.
 * Now group them.
-* Next create a clone to make another eye.
+* Next create a '''clone''' to make another eye.
 * Move it to the side to make both the eyes visible.<br/>
 * Create a circle in blue color and a square in red color.
@@ Line 432: / Line 456: @@
 * Select both the squares and group them into a single object.
 * Place the circle centrally on top of the grouped squares.
-* Select both and create a clip. It should look like a bow.
+* Select both and create a '''clip'''. It should look like a bow.
 |-
@@ Line 440: / Line 466: @@
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| About Slide
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The video at the link shown, summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The video available at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.  Pls watch it.
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| About Slide
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops and gives certificates for those who pass an online test.
 For more details, please write to us.
@@ Line 451: / Line 476: @@
 |-
 | style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| About Slide
-| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
+| style="background-color:transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is supported by the NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
-More information on this Mission is available at the link shown.
+More information on this Mission is available at this link.
 |-