Difference between revisions of "Ruby/C3/Object-Oriented-Concept-in-Ruby/English-timed"

Latest revision as of 12:37, 10 March 2017

Time	Narration
00:01	Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Object Oriented Concept in Ruby.
00:06	In this tutorial, we will learn to:
00:08	use classes, creating objects
00:10	different ways of defining methods in Ruby.
00:13	Here we are using: Ubuntu version 12.04
00:16	Ruby 1.9.3
00:19	To follow this tutorial, you must have knowledge of Linux commands, Terminal and Text-editor.
00:24	If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.
00:28	Before we begin, recall that we had created a “ttt” directory earlier.
00:33	Let's go to that directory.
00:35	To ruby hyphen tutorial and classes directory.
00:41	Ruby is an object oriented language.
00:44	Everything in Ruby is an object; from a value to a string or number.
00:49	A class is a collection of related data and functions.
00:53	It can serve to keep information organized.
00:56	An object is an instantiation of a class.
01:00	A class definition begins with the keyword class.
01:05	It is followed by the name of the class.
01:08	It is delimited with an “end”.
01:11	Let us look at an example of a class.
01:14	class Product
01:16	ruby code, end
01:20	The name of the class must begin with a capital letter.
01:24	Names that contain more than one word should be camelcased.
01:28	For example,
01:30	UserInformation
01:32	ProductInformation
01:34	The subsequent file names will have underscore separating the words:
01:37	user underscore information
01:40	product underscore information
01:45	Create a new file in gedit as shown in the basic level Ruby tutorials.
01:48	Name it class_definition.rb
01:52	I have a working example of the implementation of classes.
01:57	You can pause the tutorial and type the code as we go through it.
02:02	I have defined a class named Order in this example.
02:05	Now, let us make the class useful by adding some variables.
02:11	Then I have defined an instance variable “myinstance”.
02:15	And I have assigned a value to it.
02:18	I have also defined a class variable “myclassvar” .
02:21	And I have assigned a value to it.
02:24	Now, let us add some code that will make use of this class.
02:30	Type: puts Order dot instance underscore variables
02:36	Before this line, add puts some characters slash n for a new line.
02:43	Let us copy and paste that and add it just below the line we added and save it.
02:51	Now, let us execute this code.
02:53	Switch to the terminal and type:
02:56	ruby space class underscore definition dot rb
03:02	and see the output.
03:05	You will see the instance variable you defined.
03:09	Now, let us type: puts Order dot class underscore variables
03:15	Let us copy and paste the demarcation, just below the line and save it.
03:21	Now, let us switch to the terminal and execute the file like before.
03:26	You will notice the class variable you defined, also show up.
03:32	You should now be able to write your own class.
03:35	Next, let us look at what an object is.
03:40	An object is an instance of a class.
03:43	Which means, an object is created from a class.
03:46	An object will have the properties and methods defined in the class.
03:52	How do you declare an object?
03:54	We declare an object of a class using the "new" keyword.
03:58	Here, we are declaring an object of the Product class.
04:02	Here, an object gets created.
04:05	product = Product.new
04:09	This process is called initialization of an object.
04:12	This object is of type Product.
04:16	Now, let is look at what an “initialize” method is.
04:20	An initialize method is called at the time of object creation.
04:26	On calling "new" on an object, we invoke the initialize method.
04:31	An initialize method may take a list of parameters.
04:37	Like other 'Ruby' methods, it is preceded by the “def” keyword.
04:43	Let us look at an example.
04:46	Create a new file in gedit as shown in the basic level Ruby Tutorials.
04:50	And name it object underscore initialize dot rb.
04:55	I have a working example of the object initialization code.
05:00	You can pause the tutorial and type the code as we go through it.
05:04	Here, I have defined a class called “Order” .
05:08	Then I have defined the initialize method, with no argument.
05:13	I have defined a 'puts' method to display the message: “I have created an object”.
05:20	Next, I have defined Order dot new.
05:24	This will invoke the initialize method.
05:27	Switch to the terminal and type:
05:31	ruby space object underscore initialize dot rb
05:36	and see the output.
05:39	You will see the message: “I have created an object”.
05:43	Now, let us go back to gedit and add an argument to the method.
05:48	Let us modify the puts.
05:51	It should display the value of the argument passed.
05:55	Next, let us type: Order dot new(“I have created an object”).
06:04	Here, we have given an argument to the "new" method.
06:08	This argument gets passed on to the initialize method.
06:13	Switch to the terminal and type:
06:16	ruby space object underscore initialize dot rb
06:20	and see the output.
06:22	You will see the message: “I have created an object” printed out.
06:29	Now, you would have understood what object initialization means.
06:33	Recall that in Ruby, methods are the functions that a class performs.
06:39	Each method in a class is defined within the “def” and “end” block.
06:45	A multi-word method-name is separated with an underscore.
06:48	Some of the characters that can be appended to a method name are:
06:54	'?' (question-mark)
06:56	'=' (equal to).
06:58	Each of the characters add some meaning to the method.
07:02	Let us look at some examples.
07:05	Create a new file in gedit as shown in the basic level Ruby tutorials.
07:09	And name it class underscore methods dot rb.
07:14	I have a working example of class methods code.
07:17	You can pause the tutorial and type the code as we go through it.
07:21	Here, I have defined a class named “Animal”.
07:23	Then I have two methods- “breathe” and “walk”.
07:28	They are both defined with the “def” and “end” keywords.
07:32	I have then initialized the object 'Animal'.
07:36	I have assigned it to a variable called “animal” with lowercase “a”.
07:40	Then I have invoked the methods “breathe” and “walk” consecutively.
07:48	Now, let us execute the program.
07:51	Switch to the terminal and type:
07:53	ruby space class underscore methods dot rb
07:58	and see the output.
08:00	You will notice the lines:
08:02	“ I breathe” , “I walk”
08:04	printed out. This is because you have invoked the two methods “breathe” and “walk”.
08:10	A “puts” statement, defined within these methods, gives the results you see.
08:16	Next, let us look at how to create methods with a trailing question mark (?).
08:21	Create a new file in gedit as shown in the basic level Ruby tutorials.
08:25	And name it class underscore methods underscore with underscore trailing underscore characters dot rb.
08:35	I have a working example of class methods with question mark code.
08:40	You can pause the tutorial and type the code as we go through it.
08:45	Here, I have taken the same class as before, as an example.
08:48	Here, the "breathe" method has a trailing question mark (?).
08:52	Such methods are generally used to return Boolean values.
08:55	This is based on the method naming convention of Ruby.
09:00	The method gets invoked by declaring animal dot breathe question-mark.
09:06	Switch to the terminal and type:
09:09	ruby space class underscore methods underscore with underscore trailing underscore characters dot rb and see the output.
09:22	You will notice the output as : “true”
09:26	Next, let us define another method called “walk”.
09:30	Let us place an equal-to sign “=(value)” beside it.
09:36	Let us invoke this method by calling animal dot walk.
09:41	Then let us execute this method.
09:44	Switch to the terminal and type:
09:45	ruby class underscore methods underscore with underscore trailing underscore characters dot rb
09:52	and see the output.
09:56	It will give an “undefined method” error.
09:59	This is because, the equal to sign (=) has another meaning.
10:03	It is used to assign a value to a method.
10:08	So, let us invoke the method a little differently this time.
10:13	Type: puts animal dot walk equal to “hops”.
10:17	Now, let us give it another try.
10:20	Switch to the terminal and run the command like before and see the output.
10:27	You will notice that the word “hops” get printed.
10:30	This demonstrates that the equal to sign (=) next to a method means assignment.
10:36	Now you should be able to write your own methods.
10:42	In this tutorial, we have learnt:
10:44	How to declare classes
10:46	How to create objects of a class
10:48	Different ways of defining methods in Ruby.
10:52	As an assignment:
10:54	Define a class Product
10:56	Define methods that you can use to get values of “myvar” and set values for “myvar”.
11:01	To set values, define the method using “=” sign.
11:05	Instantiate the object of the class and set and get values using the above 2 methods.
11:12	Watch the video available at the following link.
11:14	It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
11:18	If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
11:22	The Spoken Tutorial project team:
11:24	Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
11:27	Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
11:30	For more details, please write to: contact@spoken-tutorial.org
11:36	Spoken Tutorial project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
11:39	It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
11:46	More information on this mission is available at: spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen Intro.
11:56	This is Anjana Nair, signing off. Thank you.

Contributors and Content Editors

Jyotisolanki, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14, Shruti arya

Difference between revisions of "Ruby/C3/Object-Oriented-Concept-in-Ruby/English-timed"

Latest revision as of 12:37, 10 March 2017

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {| border=1
-|| ''Time'''
+|| '''Time'''
 || '''Narration'''
 |-
-|  00.01
+|  00:01
-| Welcome to this spoken tutorial on ''' Object Oriented Concept''' in '''Ruby'''.
+| Welcome to this '''spoken tutorial''' on '''Object Oriented Concept''' in '''Ruby'''.
 |-
-| 00.06
+| 00:06
-| In this tutorial we will learn to use-
+| In this tutorial, we will learn to:
 |-
-| 00.08
+| 00:08
-| '''classes'''
+| use '''classes''',  creating '''objects'''
 |-
-| 00.09
+| 00:10
-|creating '''objects'''
+| different ways of defining '''methods''' in '''Ruby'''.
 |-
-| 00.10
+|  00:13
-|different ways of defining '''methods''' in '''Ruby'''
+|Here we are using: '''Ubuntu''' version '''12.04'''
 |-
-|  00.13
+| 00:16
-|Here we are using
+| ''' Ruby 1.9.3'''
 |-
-|  00.14
+| 00:19
-|  ''' Ubuntu''' version 12.04
+|To follow this tutorial, you must have knowledge of ''' Linux command'''s, ''' Terminal''' and '''Text-editor.'''
-|-
-| 00.16
-|''' Ruby '''1.9.3
-|-
-| 00.19
-|To follow this tutorial, you must have knowledge of ''' Linux''' commands, ''' Terminal''' and '''Text-editor.'''
 |-
-|  00.24
+|  00:24
 | If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.
 |-
-|  00.28
+|  00:28
 | Before we begin, recall that we had created a ''' “ttt” ''' directory earlier.
 |-
-| 00.33
+| 00:33
 |Let's go to that directory.
 |-
-| 00.35
+| 00:35
 |To ''' ruby hyphen tutorial''' and ''' classes''' directory.
 |-
-| 00.41
+| 00:41
 |''' Ruby''' is an ''' object oriented''' language.
 |-
-| 00.44
+| 00:44
-| Everything in '''Ruby''' is an object; from a value to a '''string''' or number.
+| Everything in Ruby is an object; from a value to a '''string''' or number.
 |-
-| 00.49
+| 00:49
-|A '''class''' is a collection of related '''data''' and '''functions.''
+|A '''class''' is a collection of related '''data''' and '''functions.'''
 |-
-|  00.53
+|  00:53
 |It can serve to keep information organized.
 |-
-| 00.56
+| 00:56
 |An '''object''' is an ''' instantiation''' of a '''class.'''
 |-
-| 01.00
+| 01:00
 | A '''class''' definition begins with the keyword '''class.'''
 |-
-| 01.05
+| 01:05
 | It is followed by the name of the '''class.'''
 |-
-| 01.08
+| 01:08
 | It is delimited with an ''' “end”.'''
 |-
-| 01.11
+| 01:11
 |Let us look at an example of a ''' class.'''
 |-
-| 01.14
+| 01:14
 |''' class Product'''
 |-
-| 01.16
+| 01:16
-|''' ruby code'''
+|''' ruby code''', '''end'''
-|-
-| 01.17
-|'''end'''
 |-
-|  01.20
+|  01:20
 | The name of the '''class''' must begin with a capital letter.
 |-
-|  01.24
+|  01:24
 |Names that contain more than one word should be camelcased.
 |-
-|  01.28
+|  01:28
 | For example,
 |-
-| 01.30
+| 01:30
 | ''' UserInformation'''
 |-
-|  01.32
+|  01:32
 | '''ProductInformation'''
 |-
-| 01.34
+| 01:34
 |The subsequent file names will have underscore separating the words:
 |-
-| 01.37
+| 01:37
 |''' user underscore information'''
 |-
-| 01.40
+| 01:40
 |''' product underscore information'''
 |-
-|  01.45
+|  01:45
-| Create a new file in ''' gedit''' as shown in the basic level '''Ruby''' tutorials.
+| Create a new file in ''' gedit''' as shown in the basic level '''Ruby tutorials'''.
 |-
-| 01.48
+| 01:48
 | Name it ''' class_definition.rb'''
 |-
-| 01.52
+| 01:52
 | I have a working example of the implementation of '''classes.'''
 |-
-|  01.57
+|  01:57
-|You can pause the tutorial, and type the code as we go through it.
+|You can pause the tutorial and type the code as we go through it.
 |-
-|  02.02
+|  02:02
 | I have defined a ''' class''' named ''' Order''' in this example.
 |-
-|  02.05
+|  02:05
-| Now let us make the ''' class''' useful by adding some '''variables.'''
+| Now, let us make the ''' class''' useful by adding some '''variables.'''
 |-
-| 02.11
+| 02:11
-|Then I have defined an ''' instance variable “myinstance”.'''
+|Then I have defined an '''instance variable “myinstance”.'''
 |-
-|  02.15
+|  02:15
 |And I have assigned a value to it.
 |-
-|  02.18
+|  02:18
-|I have also defined a ''' class variable “myclassvar” '''
+|I have also defined a ''' class variable “myclassvar” '''.
 |-
-|  02.21
+|  02:21
 |And I have assigned a value to it.
 |-
-| 02.24
+| 02:24
-|Now let us add some code that will make use of this class.
+|Now, let us add some code that will make use of this '''class'''.
 |-
-|  02.30
+|  02:30
-| Type ''' puts Order dot instance underscore variables.'''
+| Type: '''puts Order dot instance underscore variables'''
 |-
-| 02.36
+| 02:36
 | Before this line, add '''puts''' some characters '''slash n''' for a new line.
 |-
-| 02.43
+| 02:43
-| Let us copy and paste that and add it just below the line we added and save it.
+| Let us '''copy''' and '''paste''' that and add it just below the line we added and '''save''' it.
 |-
-| 02.51
+| 02:51
-| Now let us execute this code
+| Now, let us '''execute''' this code.
 |-
-| 02.53
+| 02:53
-|Switch to the terminal and type
+|Switch to the '''terminal''' and type:
 |-
-|  02.56
+|  02:56
 | ''' ruby space class underscore definition dot rb'''
 |-
-| 03.02
+| 03:02
 |and see the output.
 |-
-| 03.05
+| 03:05
 | You will see the ''' instance variable''' you defined.
 |-
-| 03.09
+| 03:09
-|Now let us type ''' puts Order dot class underscore variables.'''
+|Now, let us type: ''' puts Order dot class underscore variables'''
 |-
-| 03.15
+| 03:15
-|Let us copy and paste the demarcation, just below the line and save it.
+|Let us '''copy''' and '''paste''' the demarcation, just below the line and '''save''' it.
 |-
-| 03.21
+| 03:21
-| Now let us switch to the '''terminal''' and execute the file like before.
+| Now, let us switch to the '''terminal''' and execute the file like before.
 |-
-| 03.26
+| 03:26
 |You will notice the ''' class variable''' you defined, also show up.
 |-
-|  03.32
+|  03:32
-| To now be able to write your own '''class.'''
+| You should now be able to write your own '''class.'''
 |-
-|  03.35
+|  03:35
 |  Next, let us look at what an '''object''' is.
 |-
-|  03.40
+|  03:40
 |An '''object''' is an '''instance''' of a '''class.'''
 |-
-|  03.43
+|  03:43
-| Which means an '''object''' is created from a '''class.'''
+| Which means, an '''object''' is created from a '''class.'''
 |-
-| 03.46
+| 03:46
 |An '''object''' will have the properties and '''methods''' defined in the '''class.'''
 |-
-|  03.52
+|  03:52
-| How do you declare an '''object'''
+| How do you declare an '''object'''?
 |-
-|  03.54
+|  03:54
-|We declare an '''object''' of a class using the '''new keyword.'''
+|We declare an '''object''' of a class using the '''"new" keyword'''.
 |-
-| 03.58
+| 03:58
-|Here we are declaring an '''object''' of the '''Product class.'''
+|Here, we are declaring an '''object''' of the '''Product class.'''
 |-
-|  04.02
+|  04:02
-| Here an '''object''' gets created.
+| Here, an '''object''' gets created.
 |-
-| 04.05
+| 04:05
 |''' product = Product.new'''
 |-
-| 04.09
+| 04:09
 | This process is called ''' initialization''' of an object.
 |-
-| 04.12
+| 04:12
-|This '''object''' is of '''type''': '''Product.'''
+|This '''object''' is of type '''Product.'''
 |-
-| 04.16
+| 04:16
-|Now let is look at what an ''' “initialize” method''' is.
+|Now, let is look at what an ''' “initialize” method''' is.
 |-
-| 04.20
+| 04:20
-|An ''' initialize method''' is called at the time of '''object''' creation.
+|An '''initialize method''' is '''call'''ed at the time of '''object''' creation.
 |-
-|  04.26
+|  04:26
-| On calling '''new''' on an '''object''', we invoke the '''initialize method.'''
+| On '''call'''ing '''"new"''' on an object, we invoke the '''initialize method.'''
 |-
-|  04.31
+|  04:31
 |An '''initialize method''' may take a list of '''parameters.'''
 |-
-|  04.37
+|  04:37
-|Like other ''' Ruby methods''', it is preceded by the ''' “def” keyword.'''
+|Like other ''''Ruby' methods''', it is preceded by the '''“def” keyword.'''
 |-
-| 04.43
+| 04:43
 |Let us look at an example.
 |-
-| 04.46
+| 04:46
-|Create a new file in '''gedit''' as shown in the basic level '''Ruby''' tutorials.
+|Create a new file in '''gedit''' as shown in the basic level '''Ruby Tutorials'''.
 |-
-| 04.50
+| 04:50
-| And name it '''object undescore initialize dot rb '''
+| And name it '''object underscore initialize dot rb'''.
 |-
-| 04.55
+| 04:55
 | I have a working example of the ''' object initialization''' code.
 |-
-| 05.00
+| 05:00
-| You can pause the tutorial, and type the code as we go through it.
+| You can pause the tutorial and type the code as we go through it.
 |-
-| 05.04
+| 05:04
-|Here I have defined a ''' class''' called ''' “Order” '''
+|Here, I have defined a '''class''' called '''“Order” '''.
 |-
-| 05.08
+| 05:08
 |Then I have defined the ''' initialize method''', with no '''argument.'''
 |-
-| 05.13
+| 05:13
-| I have defined a '''puts method''' to display the message '''“I have created an object”.
+| I have defined a ''''puts' method''' to display the message: “I have created an object”.
 |-
-| 05.20
+| 05:20
 |Next, I have defined '''Order dot new'''.
 |-
-| 05.24
+| 05:24
 |This will invoke the '''initialize method.'''
 |-
-| 05.27
+| 05:27
-|Switch to the '''terminal''' and type
+|Switch to the '''terminal''' and type:
 |-
-| 05.31
+| 05:31
 |'''ruby space object underscore initialize dot rb'''
 |-
-| 05.36
+| 05:36
 | and see the output.
 |-
-|05.39
+|05:39
-|You will see the message ''' “I have created an object” ''' .
+|You will see the message: ''' “I have created an object”'''.
 |-
-| 05.43
+| 05:43
-|Now let us go back to '''gedit''' and add an '''argument''' to the '''method.'''
+|Now, let us go back to '''gedit''' and add an '''argument''' to the '''method.'''
 |-
-| 05.48
+| 05:48
-|Let us modify the ''' puts''' .
+|Let us modify the '''puts'''.
 |-
-| 05.51
+| 05:51
 |It should display the value of the ''' argument''' passed.
 |-
-|  05.55
+|  05:55
-| Next let us type
+| Next, let us type: '''Order dot new(“I have created an object”).'''
 |-
-| 05.56
+| 06:04
-|''' Order dot new(“I have created an object”). '''
+|Here, we have given an argument to the '''"new" method'''.
 |-
-| 06.04
+|  06:08
-|Here we have given an argument to the new method.
+| This argument gets passed on to the '''initialize method.'''
-|-
-|  06.08
-| This '''argument''' gets passed on to the '''initialize method.'''
 |-
-| 06.13
+| 06:13
-|Switch to the ''' terminal''' and type
+|Switch to the ''' terminal''' and type:
 |-
-| 06.16
+| 06:16
-|''' ruby space object underscore initialize dot rb'''
+|'''ruby space object underscore initialize dot rb'''
 |-
-|  06.20
+|  06:20
 |and see the output.
 |-
-| 06.22
+| 06:22
-|You will see the message ''' “I have created an object” ''' printed out.
+|You will see the message: ''' “I have created an object” ''' printed out.
 |-
-| 06.29
+| 06:29
 | Now, you would have understood what ''' object initialization''' means.
 |-
-|  06.33
+|  06:33
-|Recall that in '''Ruby, methods''' are the '''functions''' that a '''class''' performs.
+|Recall that in Ruby, '''methods''' are the '''functions''' that a '''class''' performs.
 |-
-| 06.39
+| 06:39
-|Each '''method''' in a class is defined within the ''' “def” '''  and ''' “end”''' block.
+|Each '''method''' in a '''class''' is defined within the '''“def”'''  and '''“end”''' block.
 |-
-| 06.45
+| 06:45
-|A multiword ''' method'''  name is separated with an '''underscore.'''
+|A multi-word method-name is separated with an '''underscore'''.
 |-
-| 06.48
+| 06:48
 |Some of the characters that can be appended to a '''method''' name are:
 |-
-| 06.54
+| 06:54
-|''' ? (question-mark) '''
+| '?' (question-mark)
 |-
-| 06.56
+| 06:56
-|''' = (equal to) '''
+|'=' (equal to).
 |-
-| 06.58
+| 06:58
 |Each of the characters add some meaning to the '''method.'''
 |-
-| 07.02
+| 07:02
 |Let us look at some examples.
 |-
-| 07.05
+| 07:05
-|Create a new file in ''' gedit''' as shown in the basic level '''Ruby''' tutorials.
+|Create a new file in '''gedit''' as shown in the basic level '''Ruby tutorials'''.
 |-
-| 07.09
+| 07:09
 |And name it ''' class underscore methods dot rb'''.
 |-
-| 07.14
+| 07:14
 |I have a working example of ''' class methods''' code.
 |-
-| 07.17
+| 07:17
-|You can pause the tutorial, and type the code as we go through it.
+|You can pause the tutorial and type the code as we go through it.
 |-
-| 07.21
+| 07:21
-|Here I have defined a class named ''' “Animal”.'''
+|Here, I have defined a class named  “Animal”.
 |-
-| 07.23
+| 07:23
-|Then I have two ''' methods “breathe” ''' and ''' “walk”.'''
+|Then I have two  methods- “breathe”  and  “walk”.
 |-
-| 07.28
+| 07:28
-|They are both defined with the ''' “def” ''' and ''' “end”''' keywords.
+|They are both defined with the “def”  and  “end” keywords.
 |-
-| 07.32
+| 07:32
-|I have then initialized the ''' object Animal.'''
+|I have then initialized the  object 'Animal'.
 |-
-| 07.36
+| 07:36
-|I have assigned it to a variable called  ''' “animal”''' with lowercase ''' “a”.'''
+|I have assigned it to a variable called  “animal” with lowercase  “a”.
 |-
-| 07.40
+| 07:40
-|Then I have invoked the ''' methods “breathe” ''' and ''' “walk” ''' consequtively.
+|Then I have invoked the methods “breathe” and “walk” consecutively.
 |-
-| 07.48
+| 07:48
-|Now let us execute the program.
+|Now, let us '''execute''' the program.
 |-
-| 07.51
+| 07:51
-|Switch to the '''terminal''' and type
+|Switch to the '''terminal''' and type:
 |-
-| 07.53
+| 07:53
-|''' ruby space class underscore methods dot rb '''
+|'''ruby space class underscore methods dot rb'''
 |-
-| 07.58
+| 07:58
 |and see the output.
 |-
-| 08.00
+| 08:00
 |You will notice the lines:
 |-
-| 08.02
+| 08:02
-|'''“ I breathe”  '''
+|'''“ I breathe” ''', '''“I walk” '''
 |-
-| 08.03
+| 08:04
-|'''“ I walk” '''
+|printed out. This is because you have invoked the two methods  “breathe”  and “walk”.
 |-
-| 08.04
+| 08:10
-|printed out.
+|A “puts”  statement, defined within these '''methods''', gives the results you see.
 |-
-| 08.05
+| 08:16
-|This is because you have invoked the two methods ''' “breathe” ''' and ''' “walk”. '''
+|Next, let us look at how to create '''methods''' with a trailing '''question mark (?).'''
 |-
-| 08.10
+| 08:21
-|A '''“puts” ''' statement defined within these '''methods''' gives the results you see.
+|Create a new file in '''gedit''' as shown in the basic level '''Ruby tutorials'''.
 |-
-| 08.16
+| 08:25
-|Next, let us look at how to create '''methods''' with a trailing '''question mark.'''
+|And name it '''class underscore methods underscore with underscore trailing underscore characters dot rb'''.
 |-
-| 08.21
+| 08:35
-|Create a new file in '''gedit''' as shown in the basic level Ruby tutorials.
+|I have a working example of '''class methods with question mark''' code.
 |-
-| 08.25
+| 08:40
-|And name it '''class underscore methods underscore with underscore trailing underscore characters dot rb'''
+|You can pause the tutorial and type the code as we go through it.
 |-
-| 08.35
+| 08:45
-|I have a working example of '''class methods''' with '''question mark''' code.
+|Here, I have taken the same '''class''' as before, as an example.
 |-
-| 08.40
+| 08:48
-|You can pause the tutorial, and type the code as we go through it.
+|Here, the '''"breathe" method''' has a trailing question mark (?).
 |-
-| 08.45
+| 08:52
-|Here I have taken the same class as before as an example.
+|Such '''methods''' are generally used to return '''Boolean values.'''
 |-
-| 08.48
+| 08:55
-|Here the '''breathe method''' has a trailing '''“question mark (?)”. '''
-|-
-| 08.52
-|Such '''methods''' are generally used to return '''boolean values. '''
-|-
-| 08.55
 |This is based on the '''method''' naming convention of Ruby.
 |-
-| 09.00
+| 09:00
-|The '''method''' gets invoked by declaring '''animal dot breathe question-mark'''
+|The '''method''' gets invoked by declaring '''animal dot breathe question-mark'''.
 |-
-| 09.06
+| 09:06
-|Switch to the '''terminal''' and type
+|Switch to the '''terminal''' and type:
 |-
-| 09.09
+| 09:09
 |'''ruby space class underscore methods underscore with underscore trailing underscore characters dot rb'''  and see the output.
 |-
-| 09.22
+| 09:22
-|You will notice the output as :  ''' “true” '''
+|You will notice the output as : ''' “true” '''
 |-
-| 09.26
+| 09:26
 |Next, let us define another '''method''' called '''“walk”.'''
 |-
-| 09.30
+| 09:30
 |Let us place an ''' equal-to''' sign ''' “=(value)”''' beside it.
 |-
-| 09.36
+| 09:36
-|Let us invoke this ''' method''' by calling ''' animal dot walk.'''
+|Let us invoke this ''' method''' by '''call'''ing '''animal dot walk'''.
 |-
-| 09.41
+| 09:41
-|Then let us execute this '''method. '''
+|Then let us execute this method.
 |-
-| 09.44
+| 09:44
-|Switch to the '''terminal''' and type
+|Switch to the '''terminal''' and type:
 |-
-| 09.45
+| 09:45
-|'''ruby class underscore methods underscore with underscore trailing underscore characters dot rb '''
+|'''ruby class underscore methods underscore with underscore trailing underscore characters dot rb'''
 |-
-| 09.52
+| 09:52
 |and see the output.
 |-
-| 09.56
+| 09:56
 |It will give an ''' “undefined method” ''' error.
 |-
-| 09.59
+| 09:59
-|This is because the ''' equal to sign''' has another meaning.
+|This is because, the equal to sign (=) has another meaning.
 |-
-| 10.03
+| 10:03
 |It is used to assign a value to a ''' method.'''
 |-
-| 10.08
+| 10:08
 |So, let us invoke the '''method''' a little differently this time.
 |-
-| 10.13
+| 10:13
-|Type '''puts animal dot walk equal to “ hops” '''
+|Type: '''puts animal dot walk equal to “hops”'''.
 |-
-| 10.17
+| 10:17
-|Now let give it another try.
+|Now, let us give it another try.
 |-
-| 10.20
+| 10:20
-|Switch to the ''' terminal''' and run the command like before and see the output.
+|Switch to the ''' terminal''' and run the '''command''' like before and see the output.
 |-
-| 10.27
+| 10:27
 |You will notice that the word  '''“hops”''' get printed.
 |-
-| 10.30
+| 10:30
-|This demonstrates that the ''' equal to sign''' next to a method means assignment.
+|This demonstrates that the ''' equal to sign''' (=) next to a '''method''' means assignment.
 |-
-| 10.36
+| 10:36
 |Now you should be able to write your own '''methods. '''
 |-
-| 10.42
+| 10:42
-|In this tutorial we have learnt-
+|In this tutorial, we have learnt:
 |-
-| 10.44
+| 10:44
-|How to declare '''classes '''
+| How to declare '''classes'''
 |-
-| 10.46
+| 10:46
-|How to create ''' objects''' of a ''' class '''
+| How to create '''objects''' of a ''' class'''
 |-
-| 10.48
+| 10:48
-|Different ways of defining '''methods''' in '''Ruby'''
+| Different ways of defining '''methods''' in '''Ruby'''.
 |-
-| 10.52
+| 10:52
 |As an assignment:
 |-
-| 10.54
+| 10:54
-|Define a '''class Product '''
+|Define a '''class Product'''
 |-
-| 10.56
+| 10:56
 |Define '''methods''' that you can use to get values of “myvar” and set values for “myvar”.
 |-
-| 11.01
+| 11:01
 |To set values, define the '''method''' using “=” sign.
 |-
-|11.05
+|11:05
-|Instantiate the object of the class and set and get values using the above 2 methods.
+|Instantiate the object of the '''class''' and set and get values using the above 2 methods.
 |-
-| 11.12
+| 11:12
 |  Watch the video available at the following link.
 |-
-| 11.14
+| 11:14
-|It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.
+|It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
 |-
-| 11.18
+| 11:18
 |If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and  watch it.
 |-
-|  11.22
+|  11:22
-|  The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :
+|  The Spoken Tutorial project team:
 |-
-| 11.24
+| 11:24
-|Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
+| Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
 |-
-|11.27
+|11:27
-|Gives certificates to those who pass an online test
+| Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
 |-
-| 11.30
+| 11:30
-|For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org
+|For more details, please write to: '''contact@spoken-tutorial.org'''
 |-
-|  11.36
+|11:36
-|  Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
+| '''Spoken Tutorial''' project is a part of the '''Talk to a Teacher''' project.
 |-
-| 11.39
+| 11:39
 |It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
 |-
-| 11.46
+| 11:46
-|More information on this Mission is available at spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen Intro
+|More information on this mission is available at: '''spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen Intro'''.
 |-
-| 11.56
+| 11:56
-| This is Anjana Nair signing off. Thank you
+| This is Anjana Nair, signing off. Thank you.
 |}