Difference between revisions of "Java/C3/Subclassing-and-Method-Overriding/English"
Arya Ratish (Talk | contribs) (Created page with ''''Title of script''': Subclassing and Method overriding '''Author: arya ''' '''Keywords: '''subclassing, extends keyword, overriding, method overriding, Java, Eclipse IDE, vid…') |
Nancyvarkey (Talk | contribs) |
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| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide 1''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide 1''' | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Welcome to the spoken-tutorial on''' Subclassing and Method overriding.''' | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Welcome to the spoken-tutorial on''' Subclassing''' and '''Method overriding.''' |
|- | |- | ||
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* '''extends '''keyword and | * '''extends '''keyword and | ||
* '''method overriding''' | * '''method overriding''' | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
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* '''JDK '''1.7 | * '''JDK '''1.7 | ||
* '''Eclipse '''4.3.1 | * '''Eclipse '''4.3.1 | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
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'''Prerequisites''' | '''Prerequisites''' | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.106cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you must have knowledge of | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.106cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you must have knowledge of basics of '''Java''' and '''Eclipse IDE.''' |
− | + | ||
− | ''' | + | |
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'''Subclassing''' | '''Subclassing''' | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| First of all, we will learn what '''subclassing '''is. | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| First of all, we will learn what '''subclassing '''is. | ||
− | |||
* It is a way to create a new '''class''' from an existing '''class.''' | * It is a way to create a new '''class''' from an existing '''class.''' | ||
− | * The new | + | * The new '''class''' created is called '''subclass '''or''' derived class '''or''' child class.''' |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
+ | * The already existing '''class''' is called '''superclass '''or''' base class '''or''' parent class.''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Go to the '''Eclipse''' '''IDE | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Go to the '''Eclipse''' '''IDE''' >> Click on '''MyProject''' |
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I have already created a project named '''MyProject'''. |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the '''Employee class.''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the '''Employee class.''' | ||
− | |||
'''public class Employee {''' | '''public class Employee {''' | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I have | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I have created a '''class ''' in it named '''Employee.''' |
|- | |- | ||
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'''public String email_address<nowiki>;</nowiki>''' | '''public String email_address<nowiki>;</nowiki>''' | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| It has '''variables name '''and '''email_address.''' | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| It has '''variables, name '''and '''email_address.''' |
|- | |- | ||
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'''public class Manager {''' | '''public class Manager {''' | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, let us come to the '''class ''' | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, let us come to the '''Manager class'''. |
|- | |- | ||
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'''public String department<nowiki>="";</nowiki>''' | '''public String department<nowiki>="";</nowiki>''' | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| It has '''variables name, email_address '''and '''department.''' | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| It has '''variables, name, email_address '''and '''department.''' |
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type '''public class Manager extends Employee{''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type '''public class Manager extends Employee{''' | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| After '''public class Manager, '''type '''extends Employee | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| After '''public class Manager, '''type |
+ | |||
+ | '''extends Employee''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Remove '''name, email_address '''from '''Manager class.''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Remove '''name, email_address '''from '''Manager class.''' | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Remove the duplicate '''variables '''common to both the '''classes.''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Remove the duplicate '''variables '''common to both the '''classes.''' | ||
+ | |||
So, remove '''name '''and''' email_address '''from '''Manager class.''' | So, remove '''name '''and''' email_address '''from '''Manager class.''' | ||
+ | |||
Also remove '''setter '''and '''getter methods '''of the same. | Also remove '''setter '''and '''getter methods '''of the same. | ||
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'''public class TestEmployee {''' | '''public class TestEmployee {''' | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I have also created another '''class '''named '''TestEmployee.''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I have also created another '''class '''named '''TestEmployee.''' | ||
− | |||
− | |||
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So inside the '''main method''', type | So inside the '''main method''', type | ||
− | '''Manager manager | + | '''Manager manager equal to new Manager parentheses |
|- | |- | ||
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'''manager.setName("Nikkita Dinesh");''' | '''manager.setName("Nikkita Dinesh");''' | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Next, we will call the '''setter methods '''of the '''Manager class.''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Next, we will call the '''setter methods '''of the '''Manager class.''' | ||
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So type, | So type, | ||
− | '''manager | + | '''manager dot setName''' within brackets and double quotes '''Nikkita Dinesh ''' |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight | ||
+ | '''manager.setEmail("abc@gmail.com");''' | ||
− | Then type, | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|Then type, |
− | '''manager | + | '''manager dot setEmail '''within brackets and double quotes '''abc at gmail dot com''' |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''manager.setDepartment(“Accounts”);''' | ||
− | Then type, | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|Then type, |
− | '''manager | + | '''manager dot setDepartment''' within brackets and double quotes '''Accounts''' |
− | You can use any '''name, | + | You can use any '''name, email address''' and '''department'''. |
|- | |- | ||
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So, type | So, type | ||
− | '''System.out.println ''within brackets ''manager | + | '''System.out.println '''within brackets '''manager dot getDetails ''' |
|- | |- | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Run the program. | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Run the program. | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, let us run the program. | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, let us save and run the program. |
|- | |- | ||
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| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the '''println statement '''in '''TestEmployee class.''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the '''println statement '''in '''TestEmployee class.''' | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here, the '''object '''of '''Manager class '''calls the '''getDetails() method.''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here, the '''object '''of '''Manager class '''calls the '''getDetails() method.''' | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
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− | The '''Manager class '''automatically | + | The '''Manager class '''automatically inherits the '''variables '''and '''methods '''of the '''Employee class.''' |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
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Note that we have not returned the '''department.''' | Note that we have not returned the '''department.''' | ||
− | As a result, it did not print the '''department '''in the | + | As a result, it did not print the '''department '''in the output. |
|- | |- | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Change '''getDetails method '''to '''private.''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Change '''getDetails method '''to '''private.''' | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, let us change the '''getDetails method | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, let us change the '''getDetails method ''' to '''private.''' |
+ | |||
+ | Save the file. | ||
|- | |- | ||
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'''Private members in a superclass''' | '''Private members in a superclass''' | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| * A '''subclass''' does not inherit the private members of its '''superclass'''. | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| |
− | * '''Subclass '''cannot directly access the private members of the '''superclass.''' | + | * A '''subclass''' does not inherit the '''private''' members of its '''superclass'''. |
− | * However, the superclass can have public or protected methods. | + | * '''Subclass '''cannot directly access the '''private''' members of the '''superclass.''' |
− | * These methods can access its private fields. | + | * However, the superclass can have '''public''' or '''protected methods'''. |
− | * Then the subclass can also access the private fields through these methods. | + | * These '''methods''' can access its '''private''' fields. |
− | + | * Then the '''subclass''' can also access the '''private''' fields through these '''methods'''. | |
− | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
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'''}''' | '''}''' | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This '''method '''will return | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This '''method '''will return '''name, email_address '''and '''department.''' |
So type, | So type, | ||
− | '''public String getDetails | + | '''public String getDetails parentheses.''' |
− | Inside the | + | Inside the '''method''', type |
+ | '''return''' within brackets '''Name''' plus '''getName()''' plus '''slash n''' plus '''Email''' plus '''getEmail() '''plus '''slash n''' plus '''Manager of '''plus '''getDepartment() semicolon''' | ||
− | + | Save the file. | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the '''method getDetails '''in both '''Employee '''and '''Manager class.''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the '''method getDetails '''in both '''Employee '''and '''Manager class.''' | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Note that now, we have the '''method getDetails '''in both ''' | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Note that now, we have the '''method getDetails '''in both '''Manager''' and '''Employee class.''' |
|- | |- | ||
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'''public String getDetails() ''' | '''public String getDetails() ''' | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The '''name, return type '''and '''argument list '''of the''' method '''is same in both the '''classes.''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The '''name, return type '''and '''argument list '''of the''' method '''is same in both the '''classes.''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
|- | |- | ||
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'''Method overriding''' | '''Method overriding''' | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| A''' method '''in the '''subclass '''is said to '''override '''the '''method '''in the '''parent class '''if: | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| A''' method '''in the '''subclass '''is said to '''override '''the '''method '''in the '''parent class '''if: | ||
− | |||
* '''name''' | * '''name''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Come back to the ''' | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Come back to the '''Manager class.''' |
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Come back to the '''Manager class.''' |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | Come back to the '''Manager class.''' | + | |
|- | |- | ||
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− | This is an '''override | + | This is an '''override annotation.''' |
− | It''' ''' | + | It indicates that a '''method''' is intended to '''override''' a '''method''' in '''superclass'''. |
− | Now, let us see what | + | Now, let us see what '''annotation '''is. |
|- | |- | ||
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| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Annotations:''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Annotations:''' | ||
− | * start with at sign character(@) | + | * start with '''at sign''' character'''(@)''' |
* provide data about a program | * provide data about a program | ||
* have no direct effect on the operation of the code. | * have no direct effect on the operation of the code. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
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− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| If a '''method '''is '''annotated '''with '''@Override compiler '''generates '''error message '''if: | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| If a '''method '''is '''annotated '''with '''@Override, compiler '''generates '''error message '''if: |
− | + | ||
* the''' method''' does '''override''' a '''method''' declared in a '''superclass'''. | * the''' method''' does '''override''' a '''method''' declared in a '''superclass'''. | ||
* the '''method signature '''is different in its '''superclass.''' | * the '''method signature '''is different in its '''superclass.''' | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
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− | The '''at sign | + | The '''at sign''' character indicates the compiler that what follows is an '''annotation.''' |
Line 518: | Line 497: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Right click on '''TestEmployee''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Right click on '''TestEmployee''' | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Save the file and run the program. |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
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'''Name: Nikkita Dinesh''' | '''Name: Nikkita Dinesh''' | ||
− | '''Email | + | '''Email: abc@gmail.com''' |
− | '''Manager of | + | '''Manager of Accounts''' |
|- | |- | ||
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− | But this time, it calls the '''method of Manager class | + | But this time, it calls the '''method''' of '''Manager class''' itself. |
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In this tutorial we have learnt about | In this tutorial we have learnt about | ||
− | * '''Subclassing''' | + | * '''Subclassing''' and |
− | + | ||
* '''Overriding''' | * '''Overriding''' | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
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− | Also create a class '''Bike '''which has a method '''run '''that prints “'''The Bike is running safely.”''' | + | Also create a class '''Bike '''which has a method '''run '''that prints |
+ | |||
+ | “'''The Bike is running safely.”''' | ||
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'''About Spoken Tutorial Project''' | '''About Spoken Tutorial Project''' | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.106cm;"| | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.106cm;"|To know more about the Spoken Tutorial Project |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | To | + | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
* Watch the video available at the following link | * Watch the video available at the following link | ||
− | |||
* It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project | * It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project | ||
* If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it | * If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
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* Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials | * Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials | ||
* Gives certificates for those who pass an online test | * Gives certificates for those who pass an online test | ||
− | * For more details, please write to contact at spoken hyphen tutorial dot org | + | * For more details, please write to '''contact at spoken hyphen tutorial dot org''' |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide 14''' | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide 14''' | ||
'''Acknowledgement''' | '''Acknowledgement''' | ||
− | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.106cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.106cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project. |
− | * It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India | + | * It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. |
* More information on this Mission is available at | * More information on this Mission is available at | ||
* http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT- Intro | * http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT- Intro | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
This is '''Arya Ratish '''from '''IIT Bombay '''signing off. | This is '''Arya Ratish '''from '''IIT Bombay '''signing off. |
Latest revision as of 15:36, 12 March 2014
Title of script: Subclassing and Method overriding
Author: arya
Keywords: subclassing, extends keyword, overriding, method overriding, Java, Eclipse IDE, video tutorial
|
|
Slide 1 | Welcome to the spoken-tutorial on Subclassing and Method overriding. |
Slide 2 | In this tutorial we will learn about :
|
Slide 3
Software Requirements |
Here we are using
|
Slide 4
Prerequisites |
To follow this tutorial, you must have knowledge of basics of Java and Eclipse IDE.
|
Slide 5
Subclassing |
First of all, we will learn what subclassing is.
|
Go to the Eclipse IDE >> Click on MyProject | I have already created a project named MyProject. |
Highlight the Employee class.
public class Employee { |
I have created a class in it named Employee. |
Highlight the variables.
public String email_address; |
It has variables, name and email_address. |
Highlight the setter and getter methods.
name=newName; }
return name; }
email_address=newEmail; }
return email_address; } |
It also has the setter and getter methods for the class. |
Highlight the method getDetails().
{
return("Name: " + getName() + "\n" + "Email: " + getEmail()); }
} |
It has a method getDetails().
|
Highlight the Manager class.
|
Now, let us come to the Manager class. |
Highlight the variables.
public String email_address; public String department=""; |
It has variables, name, email_address and department. |
Highlight name and email_address in both the Employee and Manager class.
public String email_address; |
We can see that some variables are common to both Employee and Manager class.
|
Thus, Manager class can be made a subclass of Employee class. | |
For that, we have to make some changes in the Manager class. | |
Type public class Manager extends Employee{ | After public class Manager, type
extends Employee |
Highlight the extends keyword. | We use the extends keyword to create a subclass from an existing class. |
Remove name, email_address from Manager class. | Remove the duplicate variables common to both the classes.
|
Highlight variable department. | In the class Manager, we will have only one variable department. |
Highlight the setter and getter method.
department=newDepartment; }
return department; } |
We also have the setter and getter method for department. |
In this way, the Manager class inherits the members of Employee class. | |
This way of extending one class from another is called single inheritance. | |
Open the class TestEmployee.
|
I have also created another class named TestEmployee.
|
Highlight object of the Manager class.
|
Inside the main method, we will create the object of the Manager class.
Manager manager equal to new Manager parentheses |
Highlight
|
Next, we will call the setter methods of the Manager class.
manager dot setName within brackets and double quotes Nikkita Dinesh |
Highlight
manager.setEmail("abc@gmail.com"); |
Then type,
manager dot setEmail within brackets and double quotes abc at gmail dot com |
Highlight
manager.setDepartment(“Accounts”); |
Then type,
manager dot setDepartment within brackets and double quotes Accounts
|
Type
|
Now, let us call the getDetails() method using the Manager object.
System.out.println within brackets manager dot getDetails |
Run the program. | Now, let us save and run the program. |
Highlight the output
Email: abc@gmail.com |
We can see that we get the output as :
Email: abc@gmail.com |
Highlight the println statement in TestEmployee class. | Here, the object of Manager class calls the getDetails() method. |
Come to the Manager class. | Now, come to the Manager class. |
Point that there is no getDetails() method. | We can see that there is no getDetails() method here. |
Highlight the Manager class. | But, we still got the output.
|
Highlight the getDetails() method in the Employee class.
|
So it checks in the parent class which is Employee.
Let us come to the Employee class. It finds the getDetails() method here.
As a result, it did not print the department in the output. |
Change getDetails method to private. | Now, let us change the getDetails method to private.
Save the file. |
Point to the error. | We can see that we get a compilation error in the TestEmployee class. |
It says The method getDetails() from the type Employee is not visible. | |
This means that getDetails() method cannot be accessed. | |
Come to the Employee class. Highlight getDetails() method. | This is because we have declared getDetails() method as private. |
Slide 6
Private members in a superclass |
|
Change the getDetails() method from private to public. | So, let us change it back to public. |
Now, let us include method getDetails in the Manager class. | |
Type
public String getDetails() { return ( "Name: " + getName() + "\n" + "Email: " +getEmail()+"\n" +"Manager of: " + getDepartment()); } |
This method will return name, email_address and department.
public String getDetails parentheses.
return within brackets Name plus getName() plus slash n plus Email plus getEmail() plus slash n plus Manager of plus getDepartment() semicolon Save the file. |
Highlight the method getDetails in both Employee and Manager class. | Note that now, we have the method getDetails in both Manager and Employee class. |
Highlight the method declaration in both the classes.
|
The name, return type and argument list of the method is same in both the classes.
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Slide 7
Method overriding |
A method in the subclass is said to override the method in the parent class if:
matches exactly. |
Come back to the Manager class. | Come back to the Manager class. |
Type @Override. | Before, the getDetails() method type @Override.
|
Slide 8
Annotation |
Annotations:
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Slide 9
@Override Annotation
|
If a method is annotated with @Override, compiler generates error message if:
|
Come back to the IDE.
|
Now, let us come back to the IDE.
|
Come to the TestEmployee class. | Let us come to the TestEmployee class. |
Right click on TestEmployee | Save the file and run the program. |
Highlight the output.
Manager of:Accounts |
We get the output as follows.
Email: abc@gmail.com Manager of Accounts |
Here, the object of the Manager class calls the getDetails() method.
| |
Slide 10
Summary |
Let us summarize.
In this tutorial we have learnt about
|
Slide 11
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As an assignment
“The Bike is running safely.”
|
Slide 12
|
To know more about the Spoken Tutorial Project
|
Slide 13
Spoken Tutorial Workshop |
The Spoken Tutorial Project Team
|
Slide 14
Acknowledgement |
Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
This is Arya Ratish from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for joining. |